Japanese Island Genesis Methodology: From Reclamation to Urban Development

[Aepsilons]

6. Kitakyushu Island

 

[empirefighter]

yes, Senkaku is island, Japan no need to make artefact island there.

The only country in SCS we care is USA, we do not fear it,we care about it since it could make much trouble for us,but it can not stop that process,just remember that. Japan can not help you actually,If Japan interfere with this SCS issue, we have hundreds of plans to make trouble for it and stop it,so we do not worry Japan at all in SCS. Go and hold the hip of your father ,we wait for him,by the way ,your father claimed he will return years ago, but now, he still is in the Middle East.lol

 

[Aepsilons]

7. Haneda Island (Haneda International Airport Island Complex)

 

[terranMarine]

nice photos, kansai airport is a beauty and so is the one in hk

 

[Aepsilons]

8. Chubu Island

 

[mike2000 is back]

2. Kansai Island




The designers envisioned an airport 2.5 atteslong and 4000 feet wide. The site selected was three miles from land and there the water depth was 60 feet. The water depth was not a serious impediment. The problem was the condition of the soil under the water. Soil immediately under the water was a soft clay called alluvial clay. This alluvial clay went down 100 meters. Japanese engineers had solved the problem of building in this soil. They would drive down pipes which would be then packed with sand. The pipes would then be pulled up leaving columns of sand in place to absorb the moisture in the alluvial clay. The uncertainty for the construction came from the layer of clay lying below the alluvial clay. This clay was called dialluvial clay and extended about one thousand feet down. The compressibility of this clay was uncertain and because of its depth nothing could be done to modify that compressibility.

The airport authorities had a number of experts estimate how much the airport island would sink as a result of the weight of its weight. The estimates ranged from 19 feet to 25 feet.

The official looked at the estimates of the degree of sinking and did what now seems to have been the worse possible thing. They accepted the smallest estimate, 19 feet, in what appears to have been wishful thinking. The design of the airport was then based upon a sinking of 19 feet.

The construction started in 1987. The alluvial clay was stabilized with sand columns as described above. The perimeter of the island was defined by means of 69 steel chambers which were sunk to the bay floor. These chambers were 75 feet in height and 75 feet in diameter. They weighed 200 tons each. The spaces between the chambers were filled with 48,000 specially shaped concrete blocks. Irregular stones weighing one to two tons were added to the walls.

The cavity within the walls was filled with rocks and coarse gravel to avoid the danger of liquification of earth-fill during an earthquake. The fill came two mountains which were leveled in the process.

The radicals, not to be denied their opportunity to commit violence, attached the quarries where the fill material for the island was being escavated. Altogether there were about two dozen attacks.

The island airport had to be linked to the land. That part of the project was started in 1987 and by March of 1990 the bridge link was completed, at a cost of $1 billion. The trussed bridge framework carried a railway on its lower level and a motor vehicle highway of the upper level.

By 1990 the island and its link to the land had been completed. Ten thousand people had worked on the project. The trouble was that the airport island was sinking more than the design provided for. The maximum estimate was 25 feet. The airport authorities took the minimum estimate of 19 feet.

The authorities added another 11.5 feet of fill at a cost of $150 million.

@mike2000 is back ---- this is Japanese Engineering.

Amazing . always impressed by Japanese technology. Having been to Japan and several other Asian countries, I also noticed Japanese expressways are indeed the best in terms of quality, maintenance, variations of sign designs etc, Japan is also the most orderly , patriotic(with koreans) and disciplined country in Asia (and even the world. Since I haven't seen any other country as clean and disciplined/orderly as Japan. Other Asian countries could really learn a alot from Japan, even our journalists/media recognise, had all asian countries/societies been like Japan then even we in europe/west will still be less developed than Asia .
Just like our media found out(the economist), Japanese prisoners are we r behaved even more than some Asian counties common civilians. Lool same with Japanese prisons which are orderly , clean and disciplined(respectful). Only in Japan will you see this nihonji San, a good read :


Japan’s prisons
Eastern porridge

Even Japanese criminals are orderly and well-behaved
Feb 23rd 2013 | TOKYO | From the print edition


WITH its façade of red brick, Chiba prison, just outside Tokyo, looks like a Victorian-era British jail. That is where the similarity ends. Prisons in Britain are often loud, dirty and violent, but Chiba resembles a somewhat Spartan retirement home for former soldiers. The corridors and the tiny cells are spotless. Uniformed prisoners shuffle in lockstep behind guards and bow before entering rooms.

The deputy warden, Hiroyuki Shinkai, who once visited British prisons as a UN researcher, was shocked by what he found. He can still recall his surprise at seeing inmates freely mingling and talking. “Japanese penal philosophy is different,” he explains. In Japan, talking is banned, except during break-times. Unpaid work is a duty, not a choice.
Japan incarcerates its citizens at a far lower rate than most developed countries: 55 per 100,000 people compared with 149 in Britain and 716 in America. The country’s justice ministry can also point to low rates of recidivism. Yet increasingly the nation’s 188 prisons and detention centres come in for harsh criticism, particularly over their obsession with draconian rules and secrecy (on February 21st the government unexpectedly announced it had hanged three men for murder), and their widespread use of solitary confinement.

Criminal courts in Japan have long relied heavily on confessions for proof of guilt. Though the accused have a right to silence, failure to admit a crime is considered bad sport. Besides, police have strong incentives to extract a confession and, with up to 23 days to interrogate a suspect, the blunt tools to do so, as a stream of disturbing incidents has shown. Detectives tracking down an anonymous hacker extracted separate confessions from four innocent people before being forced in December into a humiliating apology. Court conviction rates are over 99%.

Over two-thirds of the inmates of Chiba prison were convicted for crimes that caused death—mainly murder, arson or manslaughter. Half are serving life sentences. The average prisoner is 50. Many of them have never used a mobile phone or a credit card. Conjugal visits are banned, so marriages break down.

In the prison workshops, inmates silently make leather shoes and furniture, overseen by a single unarmed guard. No riot has taken place in a Japanese prison since just after the second world war. Escapes are rare, and drugs and contraband almost non-existent. The prison notes that its ratio of one guard to four prisoners is roughly half that in Britain. Yet no one can recall a violent attack on a staff member.

A landmark report in 1995 by Human Rights Watch, a lobby group, said this remarkable order “is achieved at a very high cost”, including the violation of fundamental human rights and falling far short of international standards. Europeans and Americans inside Japan’s prison system have developed mental problems. Yet for Mr Shinkai the differences with the West are a point of pride. “Of course we look too strict to outsiders,” he says. But his inmates, he goes on, all come from Japanese society. For them, it works beautifully.

Correction: This article originally asserted that "life means life" in the Japanese judicial system. This is not true. Life prisoners are eligible for parole. Sorry.

From the print edition: Asia

http://www.economist.com/news/asia/...are-orderly-and-well-behaved-eastern-porridge


Even we westerners can sure learn a lot from Japan. Kudos to this incredible/orderly country. Driving in Asia mainland and Japan, you can tell the difference, Japanese drivers always respect signs/laws/rules, while in most mainland countries, they drive like they are on drugs, seriously. . loool Nippon uber alles.

 

[Pangu]

Well done Japan! Indeed Japanese are the vanguard in land reclamation & man-made artificial islands, given that she is an Archipelago nation gifted with smart engineers & advance tech. We have much to learn from her, I hope our SCS projects can be as successful as Japan has. Good job!

 

[NaMaloom]

Gotta respect the way of the Japanese. There is discipline and harmony in everything that is created.

 

[Aepsilons]

Gotta respect the way of the Japanese. There is discipline and harmony in everything that is created.

We build for the purpose of survivability as well. The rapid construction in how the Chinese are building the islands in the SCS, for example, is alarming because we don't know if they are properly settling the foundation. The issue of erosion being a constant issue for man made islands, and issue of sand diversion being a reality. For example Kansai Island, literally took over 10 years to build and regular maintenance, note that we had employed over 10,000 emotes to construct that as well. For us, quality is always the issue. Not just quantity, tho our man made islands are larger than the ones our neighbors are making , combined.

 

[21stCentury]

We build for the purpose of survivability as well. The rapid construction in how the Chinese are building the islands in the SCS, for example, is alarming because we don't know if they are properly settling the foundation. The issue of erosion being a constant issue for man made islands, and issue of sand diversion being a reality. For example Kansai Island, literally took over 10 years to build and regular maintenance, note that we had employed over 10,000 emotes to construct that as well. For us, quality is always the issue. Not just quantity, tho our man made islands are larger than the ones our neighbors are making , combined.

However in China's case, the rapid development of these artificial islands is due to the imminent threat we face at the moment.

In the time that Japan had to build their artificial islands, it was under the protection of the United States so Japan did not need to rush as it faced no immediate threat, which is totally different in China's case.

For reference, China began island building literally months ago lol and they are already the largest islands currently in the SCS.

 

[Aepsilons]

However in China's case, the rapid development of these artificial islands is due to the imminent threat we face at the moment.

In the time that Japan had to build their artificial islands, it was under the protection of the United States so Japan did not need to rush as it faced no immediate threat, which is totally different in China's case.

For reference, China began island building literally months ago lol and they are already the largest islands currently in the SCS.

The perception of an immediate threat in the South China Sea by the neighbors, which include Vietnam, the Philippines, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, is low to nill. None of these neighboring countries would dare to strike or recapture any shoal or islet occupied by the PLA Marines, PLA forces. My view is that the Chinese should build for long term occupation, and should not rush, for structural stability sake.

Have you see Dubai's Palm Islands? Those islands take years to build , as the civil engineers responsible for dredging have to account for sand dispersion, and the issue of land sinkage, which is a reality for reclaimed land. This is why its so important to lay proper foundation (creating multiple intersecting layers of cement, stone) is so essential.

 

[21stCentury]

The perception of an immediate threat in the South China Sea by the neighbors, which include Vietnam, the Philippines, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, is low to nill. None of these neighboring countries would dare to strike or recapture any shoal or islet occupied by the PLA Marines, PLA forces. My view is that the Chinese should build for long term occupation, and should not rush, for structural stability sake.

Have you see Dubai's Palm Islands? Those islands take years to build , as the civil engineers responsible for dredging have to account for sand dispersion, and the issue of land sinkage, which is a reality for reclaimed land. This is why its so important to lay proper foundation (creating multiple intersecting layers of cement, stone) is so essential.

I don't disagree with your view, however China doesn't have 10 years to play around with when the threat is literally at our doorstep. Basically China needs a stationary presence in the SCS now amidst growing U.S. provocations and instigation in our backyard lake.

If others want to challenge our territorial rights to the South China Sea then that is a threat to our national sovereignty which we will have to defend. The way I look at it, these new islands China is building will serve as a launch pad to enforce territorial sovereignty in these heated times.

Your view that China should build for the long term occupation is true. We're most def planning for permanent occupancy of SCS.

 

[Genesis]

We build for the purpose of survivability as well. The rapid construction in how the Chinese are building the islands in the SCS, for example, is alarming because we don't know if they are properly settling the foundation. The issue of erosion being a constant issue for man made islands, and issue of sand diversion being a reality. For example Kansai Island, literally took over 10 years to build and regular maintenance, note that we had employed over 10,000 emotes to construct that as well. For us, quality is always the issue. Not just quantity, tho our man made islands are larger than the ones our neighbors are making , combined.

Again, my dad is an engineer who does port design, or something. Yea, I don't really understand how his job works. I just know he's an engineer and my childhood was good. lol.

Either way, building these islands are not difficult, it is far easier than a lot of the projects China is currently doing on land and else where, just because it seems hard, doesn't make it so.

I don't know the specifics because I don't understand it, but it's no secret to people in the field that China has proven itself in quality of infrastructure projects, and if something were to fail, it would not be this.

 

[Aepsilons]

I don't disagree with your view, however China doesn't have 10 years to play around with when the threat is literally at our doorstep. Basically China needs a stationary presence in the SCS now amidst growing U.S. provocations and instigation in our backyard lake.

If others want to challenge our territorial rights to the South China Sea then that is a threat to our national sovereignty which we will have to defend. The way I look at it, these new islands China is building will serve as a launch pad to enforce territorial sovereignty in these heated times.

Your view that China should build for the long term occupation is true. We're most def planning for permanent occupancy of SCS.

Actually Japan is not against island construction by either party in the South China Sea Region. The only thing we are focused in right now is enhancing regional cooperation on 'Freedom of Navigation' as well as encouraging all parties to enact a Code of Conduct. A binding code of conduct would build a culture of inter-nation communication, as well as understanding.

We have to accept that no claimant state will ever relinquish their respective claims, just that each will build on whatever they have under their control. This can be seen in how China has developed its administered part of the Nansha Islands. Or the way Vietnam has developed the islands under its administrative jurisdiction, the same for the Philippines, the Malaysians and the Indonesians.

The situation between Turkey and Greece in regards to islands under their respective control serve as a way these claimants in the South China Sea can operate in the future. Yes there are overlapping claims, which is natural (that's why we have an international system to handle such conflicting claims), but proceeding through a bilateral or even multilateral framework of mutual understanding can also be pursued in the South China Sea Region.

That said, I want to reiterate the point I mentioned in the first paragraph of this post. Which reflects, generally, the Japanese position, namely and specifically the position of the JMSDF: 1) Encouragement of Freedom of Navigation, 2) Encouragement of the ratification of a culture of mutual understanding vis-a-vis Code of Conduct.




Wishing you a great evening,
I remain sincerely yours,
@Nihonjin1051

 

[TaiShang]

Island as laboratory
Global Times -- 2015-5-18

Japanese volcano islet shows how life would conquer barren land

The newly created Nishinoshima island in the Ogasawara island chain, 1,000 kilometers south of Tokyo


A brand new island emerging off the coast of Japan offers scientists a rare opportunity to study how life begins to colonize barren land - helped by rotting bird poo and hatchling vomit.

Researchers say bird waste will be the secret ingredient to kick-start Mother Nature's grand experiment on what is a still active volcano that only poked its head above the waves in November 2013.

That speck of land, some 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) south of Tokyo, has grown to engulf its once larger neighbor, Nishinoshima, a part of Japan's Ogasawara island chain known for the wealth and variety of its ecosystem.

The new Nishinoshima, a respectable 2.46 square kilometers (0.95 square miles), the Japan Coast Guard said in February - roughly the size of 345 football pitches - is currently almost all bare rock, formed from cooling lava.

But scientists say it will one day be humming with plant and possibly animal life, as nature moves in to what is being called a "natural laboratory" on one of the latest bits of real estate in the Pacific Ocean.

"We biologists are very much focusing on the new island because we'll be able to observe the starting point of evolutionary processes," said Naoki Kachi, professor and leader of Tokyo Metropolitan University's Ogasawara Research Committee.

After the volcanic activity calms down, "what will probably happen first will be the arrival of plants brought by ocean currents and attached to birds' feet," he said.

Those seabirds, who could use the remote rock as a temporary resting place, could eventually set up home there.

Their excreta - along with their dropped feathers, regurgitated bits of food and rotting corpses - will eventually form a nutrient-rich soil that offers fertile ground for seeds carried by the wind, or brought in the digestive systems of overflying birds.

"I am most interested in the effects of birds on the plants' ecosystem - how their bodily wastes-turned-organic fertilizers enrich the vegetation and how their activities disturb it," Kachi told AFP.

The old Nishinoshima, measuring just 0.22 square kilometers, was home to bird colonies until the eruptions scared the creatures away.

A small number have clung on to the only patch of the old island that is still visible, making their nests among ash-covered plants.

Fertile ground

Japan, which sits at the junction of several tectonic plates, is home to more than 100 active volcanoes.

Scientists have no idea when Nishinoshima will stop spewing lava, but its expansion is being offset by erosion around the edges.

The island is expected to follow a route laid out by Surtsey, an island that emerged from the sea in 1963, around 30 kilometers from the coast of Iceland.

The UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage spot is known globally as an outstanding example of a pristine natural laboratory where researchers have been able to trace the evolution of a habitat.

"Since they began studying the island in 1964, scientists have observed the arrival of seeds carried by ocean currents, the appearance of molds, bacteria and fungi, followed in 1965 by the first vascular plant," UNESCO says on its website.

"By 2004, [vascular plants] numbered 60, together with 75 bryophytes, 71 lichens and 24 fungi. Eighty-nine species of birds have been recorded on Surtsey, 57 of which breed elsewhere in Iceland. The 141 hectare island is also home to 335 species of invertebrates."

Not bad for somewhere that has only existed for half a century.

Nishinoshima might not be quite as quick as Surtsey to establish itself as a teeming wildlife haven - it is a long way from mainland Japan and not too close to its neighbors in the Ogasawara island chain, which limits the number of species of birds and seeds that will make it that far.

Nonetheless, it is an exciting blank canvas, said Kachi, and needs to be treated with respect - which means keeping out foreign invaders that would not naturally drift or fly in.

"I'd like to call on anyone who lands on the island to pay special attention to keeping it the way it is - not to take external species there," he warned.

He said when he conducted a field study on another island in the chain in 2007, his team prepared a fumigated clean room where they packed all research equipment, after making sure everything they had was either brand new or scrupulously clean.

While Nishinoshima is currently only being monitored from the air, the first field researchers will need to take similar precautions.

"Biologists know the business, but probably the first batch of scientists who will land on the island will be geologists and volcanologists - who may not be familiar with the problems," he said.