Well I believe Palestine is drives from the Philistine which is the name of the original people of the land
The romans named this land "palaestina" on the name of the "philistines" , why the philistines? because this philistines were one of our worst enemy in the ancient times.
The name "philistine" came from their hebrew name plishtim/פלישתים , it's not their real name,their name was "kaftorim" from "kaftor" , kaftor=the Greek island of Crete,this philistines came from the aegean sea and Invaded the shores of Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Egypt of today,in hebrew invaders=polshim/פולשים and plishtim/פלישתים=those who invade.
You know that the europeans were influenced by the ancient Middle East, and distorted some of the words and meanings
like the word "Paradise"=garden in eden,paradise came frome hebrew,farsi,arabic,aramic words for garden,
hebrew=pardes,arabic=bardis,farsi=pardis == garden.they did the same thing with the title was given to the aegean invaders.the philistines were non semitic white europeans who succeeded because they came with weapons and tools from iron, while the Levant was a bronze tools and weapons,they were our cultural enemy,because they were barbaric,pagans,pig lovers,etc and the jews were the opposite.They finally disappeared from the planet thanks to the Babylonians and Persians.
You knew there is a theory that the Jews of Europe are not from the original tribes and the original Jews are the one who lived in middle east and the land north of it you knew the Asian republic who separated from USSR.
You probably mean the khazar theory.the khazars were turk as you know in a world which islam&christianity ruled it,even the khazars themselfs were or christians or muslim,the khazar's kings want to convert to neutral religion and by the help of the jews who want to be safe under the khazar empire the kings and their family converted to judaism(only the kings not all the people)then they were defeated and disappeared,so the theory refuted.*maybe a little number of east european jews are related to them,nobody know.
So how and when the jews came to europe? by many ways in many times.
Jewish traders already settled in Greece 2300 years ago in the Hellenic period,atleast some of them were lonley males and they converted non jewish females to be their jewish wifes and started a family.the same with the roman period.
The Romans expelled the Jews throughout the Roman empire
Some of these Jews were warriors or rebels without a woman or their woman stayed behind,some of them probably converted non jewish woman to be their wife,think about the jewish girls who were raped through the history.
Another group of expelled jews spread in north africa,some berbers were converted to judaism and joined to the jewish group,some of this group moved to portugal,spain,france,italy and some of those moved to the north and east europe.
About 1000 years ago was another wave of jews who escaped from the middle east through turkey to east europe,almost half of the european jews relates to 4 mothers from this group.it's continue more and more...
Second,jews are not considered Jewish only genetically it's much more complicated to describe what a Jew is, we ourselves throughout all history could not find the "formula".
The khazar theory based on racism and used by racists to deny the connection between the Jews to their homeland.
Look at us the mountain jews most of us came from one ancient israeli mom,whem my parent wanted to marry the doctors told them to do genetic test urgently because all of us one family and that can make problems to their child.
BTW we were persian before we moved to the caucasus,our language have a lot persian words like
you-tu,home-huna,sugar-shakar,god-hoda/o,good-hosh,head-ser,stomach-shoham,forehead-pishani,ear-gush,dog-seg
There is more,fix me if i'm wrong.
)In the kingdom of Judah lived 100,000 Jews, the Babylonians deported 4,500.
