SubWater
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First of all I suggest everybody read bellow BOOK
http://www.***.com/file/hk27799bxo135jp/The_Art_of_Sanctions-irpublicpolicy.pdf/file
Above book written by Richard Nephew, influential guy in Iran sanctions.
First, big part of sanctions are psychological, So both of Iran policy makers and people must be ready to not affect from American psychological wars and if sanctions become habit for Iranian the effect of sanction would fail.
I bring one example from book(p103) to show how American policy makers failed to achieve their goals and how sanctions can help Iran to be more independent from world.
And now in 2018, Iran is self sufficient in Benzine production.
In recent years Iran built and localized Refinery building such as : Persian gulf star Refinery, the biggest in its kind in world with production of high quality Benzine.
http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/425889/Persian-Gulf-Star-Refinery-s-daily-output-hits-26m-liters
http://www.***.com/file/hk27799bxo135jp/The_Art_of_Sanctions-irpublicpolicy.pdf/file
Above book written by Richard Nephew, influential guy in Iran sanctions.
First, big part of sanctions are psychological, So both of Iran policy makers and people must be ready to not affect from American psychological wars and if sanctions become habit for Iranian the effect of sanction would fail.
I bring one example from book(p103) to show how American policy makers failed to achieve their goals and how sanctions can help Iran to be more independent from world.
Iran offers another real-life illustration of this hypothetical. In 2009–2010, the conventional wisdom in Washington was that the imposition of sanctions on Iran’s import of gasoline and other petroleum products would bring the Iranian government to its knees. Then-representative of Illinois Mark Kirk (a vocal proponent of sanctions against Iran) argued in 2010 that a gasoline quarantine would have such dire consequences that it would force Iran to concede on its nuclear program and other illicit activities.2 A sanction on Iran’s import of gasoline was duly included in CISADA, which—as outlined in the preceding chapter—became law in July 2010. What happened? Rather than Iran collapsing or immediately conceding on any of these various illicit activities, the country instead applied itself to a combination of smuggling and transformation of its existing petrochemical plants for gasoline production to meet its domestic needs. The result has been gasoline that observers have blamed for the increase in environmental pollution in Iran. Still, Iran has managed to keep cars on the road. The failure in this example was not that of sanctions enforcement per se: Iranian importation of gasoline duly dropped from an annual average of 132,100 barrels per day in 2009 to 39,600 barrels per day in 2011.3 Rather, the failure was in not appreciating the importance that Iran would place on keeping cars on the road and its ability to undertake unconventional means to solve the problems created by sanctions. In other words, Iran felt the pain being inflicted via a gasoline ban as manageable rather than a knock-out blow. For the ban’s proponents, the failure of this strategy was taken as a sign of Iranian stubbornness (which, to some extent, is probably right) and—worse—ill intent in terms of the nuclear program. But even when concluding that more sanctions pressure was needed, it is important to consider that the failure of the gasoline ban might not have stemmed from Iranian intransigence but instead from the selection of pain its recipient— in the end—was able to reject. The intention behind both rejection and resistance is to deflect the impact on target decision making. While the pain may still exist, its psychological impact may therefore be neutered. Resolve is, after all, a function of complex psychological and physically tangible variable interactions. It results from estimates of one’s own tolerance for pain in the future, the likelihood of increasing pain, the coherence of that pain, and its intensity. With strategies to protect resolve, those targeted by sanctions both up the ante with their adversaries and reinforce their own positions
And now in 2018, Iran is self sufficient in Benzine production.
In recent years Iran built and localized Refinery building such as : Persian gulf star Refinery, the biggest in its kind in world with production of high quality Benzine.
http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/425889/Persian-Gulf-Star-Refinery-s-daily-output-hits-26m-liters
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