The 8 visions that changed the face of India
9 Aug 2007, 1546 hrs IST,
Narayana Murthy
India completes her 60th year as a free nation on August 15, 2007. According to the Hindu tradition, completion of 60 years is a landmark event in the life of any person and celebrates the wisdom, maturity, accomplishment and the readiness to enter vanaprasta asrama (a phase of life marked by renunciation of worldly responsibilities, and detachment from power, desire, and wealth). However, 60 years is a short span in the life of a nation, and barely marks the first baby steps of a toddler. Hence, any assessment of India has to be generous and optimistic.
We have made decent progress in several areas during the last 60 years. We have produced world-class scientists, engineers, journalists, soldiers, bureaucrats, politicians and doctors. We have built complex bridges and dams. We have sent satellites and rockets into space. We have increased the number of doctors ten-fold. We have increased life expectancy from 32 years to 65 years. We have built about 20 lakh km of new roads; we have multiplied our steel production by over 50 times and cement production by almost 20 times. We have increased our exports from a few million dollars at the time of Independence to more than $125 billion now.
There is an equally convincing set of data to show that we have a long way to go in certain other areas. A whopping 350 million are illiterate; 260 million people are still below the poverty line; 150 million people lack access to drinking water; 750 million people lack decent sanitation and 50 per cent of the children are below acceptable nutrition levels. And basic medicines are unavailable in 75 per cent villages.
Be that as it may, today, I want to focus on a few major achievements that have transformed the lives of our people in a way we never imagined would happen:
Green revolution
Perhaps, no other Indian initiative has enhanced the national confidence as the Green Revolution initiated by Dr Swaminathan. This revolution, which started in 1965, not only transformed India into a food-surplus economy from a food-deficit economy, but also triggered the expansion of the rural, non-farm economy. The lives of at least 400 to 500 million Indians have been uplifted due to this initiative. From being a perennial importer of grains, India became a net exporter of food grains ten years ago.
White revolution
Coming from a generation which experienced an acute shortage of milk, it is unimaginable that, today, we have become the largest producer of milk in the world. The credit goes to the extraordinary vision of Dr Varghese Kurien, continued ably by Amrita Patel. In a nation where children are malnourished, such abundance of milk has offered us the opportunity to fight malnutrition.
Economic reforms of 1991
The economic reforms of 1991 - initiated by the late Narasimha Rao, Dr Manmohan Singh, Shri P Chidambaram and Dr Montek Singh Ahluwalia - opened up the minds of Indian corporate leaders to the power of global markets, helped them accept competition at home and abroad, and raised the confidence of consumers. Our hard currency reserves have gone up from a mere US$ 1.5 billion in 1991 to over US$ 220 billion today. The reforms encouraged entrepreneurship, and gave confidence to businessmen and entrepreneurs to dream big, create jobs, enhance exports, acquire companies abroad and follow the finest principles of corporate governance.
Independent media and brave journalists
The success of a democracy depends upon certain important values of governance - fairness, transparency and accountability. The freeing of media, particularly the television medium, has laid the foundation for improving these values in our governments. The courage, enthusiasm and the zeal to seek truth of scores of idealistic journalists and editors like N Ram, Arun Shourie, Shekhar Gupta, Sucheta Dalal, Barkha Dutt and Rajdeep Sardesai, just to mention a few from the English press and TV, are what make us feel confident that the future of this country is safe.
Telecom revolution
No other technology has brought India, the urban and the rural, together as the 500-line EPABX designed and implemented by the Centre for Development of Telematics (CDOT) under the leadership of Sam Pitroda. This programme brought fresh confidence to the people as they could reach out, in a jiffy, to their loved ones, the officials, and the doctors, just to name a few. People no more feel that they live in isolation.
Space Technology
Prof Yash Pal's Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) blossomed into a full-scale television facility connecting millions of villages of India. The television medium has made our political masters realise that their actions and inactions will be seen and judged by every citizen - from the forgotten villages of Assam to the activist villages of Kerala. This technology has given voice to the opinions of a billion people - the rich and the poor, the educated and the uneducated, and the powerful and the disfranchised.
Atomic Energy
Dr Bhabha conceptualized the Indian nuclear program and initiated nuclear science research in India. His program has made possible successful utilization of nuclear energy in defence, power generation, medicine and allied areas. Our peaceful use of nuclear energy has raised India's prestige as a mature and responsible player in this field.
Software revolution
N Vittal's Software Technology Program, along with economic reforms of 1991, laid the foundation for this industry's spectacular progress. India's IT exports grew from a mere $150 million in 1991-92 to $31.4 billion in 2006-07, and is projected to reach $60 Billion by 2010.
The Information Technology (IT) industry is unique due to several reasons. It focused on exports; benchmarked with the best global companies; followed the finest principles of corporate governance; created the largest number of jobs in the organized sector; and demonstrated that Indians too could succeed in the most competitive global markets.
Conclusion
What do these eight programmes have in common? They were all led by visionaries. These visionaries accepted global benchmarks and settled for nothing less despite tremendous odds. In each of these initiatives the national government was a genuine catalyst supported by some extraordinary politicians and bureaucrats. These examples clearly show how the people and the government can work together to achieve what is thought impossible.
What do I expect from the India of 2067? I want an India where every child will have access to decent education, healthcare, nutrition and shelter. I want an India where every child belonging to every race, religion and caste is confident that there is a bright future for him/her if he/she is honest and hardworking. I want an India which receives respect from every global forum because we Indians will be peace-loving; we will be gracious hosts; we will be fair; we will be pluralistic and respect every faith; we will be trustworthy and our aspirations and accomplishments will be high.
