GPS Used by Pak Armed Forces

[Safriz]

pakistan used chinnese system for test in raad cruise missile when they conducted the second test source wikipedia

Missiles or any other defence system never relies solely on an external guidence system,there is always an internal guidence system...
Raad has many more guidence systems including Beidou COMPASS.

 

[gambit]

The concept's name is 'satellite assisted navigation' or shorter 'satellite navigation'. The name 'Global Positioning System' (GPS) is an American label for a system. Since GPS have been around for so long, the initials 'GPS' became synonymous with the concept. Kinda like 'Fedex' became synonymous with delivery that is faster than the US Postal Service.

Glonass and Beidou are also satellite assisted navigation systems in competition with GPS. Just like how the US Postal Service, Fedex, and UPS are competitors in the same market -- delivery.

INS is always used with GPS. Infact INS is a must for any fighter aircraft.

Today it is. But inertial navigation (INS) is older than GPS.

The main problem with inertial navigation system (INS) is drift...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_navigation_system

All inertial navigation systems suffer from integration drift: small errors in the measurement of acceleration and angular velocity are integrated into progressively larger errors in velocity, which are compounded into still greater errors in position. Since the new position is calculated from the previous calculated position and the measured acceleration and angular velocity, these errors accumulate roughly proportionally to the time since the initial position was input. Therefore the position must be periodically corrected by input from some other type of navigation system. The inaccuracy of a good-quality navigational system is normally less than 0.6 nautical miles per hour in position and on the order of tenths of a degree per hour in orientation. If navigation systems malfunction, they can send planes off course, such as Adam Air Flight 574.

This is purely a mechanical problem. The initial error is unrecognized by the system and since the current position is calculated from the previous position, over the long travel distance and time, the angular difference between the desired location and the actual physical location increases. The system needs a method of external correlation or correction.

One method is the astronavigation in the FB-111A and SR-71...

http://www.blackbirds.net/u2/c_bennett/bbird-03.html

Atop the aircraft behind the ACP and above tank one is the Astro Navigation System (ANS). This is the avionics package that navigates the SR-71 by the position of stars, weather day or night.

On the FB-111A, right in front of the cockpit and topside of the forward fuselage is a round glass window looking directly skyward. The stars provide that external correlation and at airliner cruising altitude, the system can use the stars during the daytime.

Today's INS is much more better than the -111 era but because there is now a greater need for accurate and precise weapons delivery, and the closer the aircraft is to the target the less need for the bomb to correct itself, satellite assisted navigation became mainstream and a necessity.

 

[Safriz]

But Gambit...
These days strap down INS and such havent got any moving parts and sensors+processor+software have improved many folds,and so has accuracy.
We dont use those sperry's flywheel gyroscopes anymore.

 

[bigzgvr4]

@Safriz They did it for proof of concept because in time of war specially with india they can Shut the Glonass and GPS down russia and usa both can we are only left with the chinese compass so they made sure that it worked and raad only have ins and compass and one other it does not uses gps at all because of the uncertainty in the war time

 

[gambit]

But Gambit...
These days strap down INS and such havent got any moving parts and sensors+processor+software have improved many folds,and so has accuracy.
We dont use those sperry's flywheel gyroscopes anymore.

While it is correct that INS have become much more accurate started with the ring laser gyro system, the demand for even more accurate and precise timing of navigation over long distances and duration have also increased. I can remember in the old -111 days, if a -111 arrived at the general location and had to spend a couple minutes to find the precise target, that was 'excellent'. Today, that would be a fail. It is expected for a strike aircraft to fly practically visually blind, from several hundreds km away, and hit the correct target on the first pass as soon as the aircraft broke horizon over the target area.

Ring laser gyro systems do have their own quirks...

Ring laser gyroscope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

RLGs, while more accurate than mechanical gyroscopes, suffer from an effect known as "lock-in" at very slow rotation rates. When the ring laser is hardly rotating, the frequencies of the counter-propagating laser modes become almost identical. In this case, crosstalk between the counter-propagating beams can allow for injection locking so that the standing wave "gets stuck" in a preferred phase, thus locking the frequency of each beam to each other rather than responding to gradual rotation.

Other mechanically related issues are mirror age and warpage over time. The laser beam generator itself is a mechanical device and the laser medium, whatever it may be, will age and the laser will lose intensity. The entire assembly is sealed/pressurized and over time it will slowly lose the atmospheric isolation it require.

And so GPS external correlation is still preferred...

LTN-92 Ring Laser Gyro Inertial Navigation System

The LTN-92 Inertial Navigation System (INS) is the world's leading laser gyro replacement for the mechanical INSs used on many military transport and commercial aircraft, including "classic" B747s, DC-10s and L-1011s. The LTN-92 uses three ring laser gyros, force rebalanced accelerometers, and three high-speed digital microprocessors to provide an advanced technology, all-attitude, worldwide navigation system offering up to five times the reliability of mechanical inertial navigation systems. The system’s ability to manage internal navigation bulk data storage allows for comprehensive worldwide flight planning.

GPS Integration
GPS receiver interface available via LTN-92 GPS interface module (GPSIM)
Certified with external ARINC 743A GPS remote control

 

[Abingdonboy]

What if I told you that GPS+GLONASS fixing is becoming standard for many PakMil systems.
The Russians are letting us purchase everything..and that is EVERYTHING.. from their inventory as long as it does not attract big news.
So if its a new ELINT module.. register a private company.. and bingo.. you've just been given something they rolled out a month ago..
The Russians know it.. we know it.. The INDIANS know it.. yet .. at this point.. they are unable to move sources because diplomatic maneuvers indicate that the Russians let us have what we need as long as it doesn't create waves in the media.

@Oscar "EVERYTHING" is a major exaggeration. You yourself admit that Pakistan can get anything that won't create waves ie small-scale inoffensive stuff. The Russians wouldn't sell S-300 SAMs or SU-30s to Pakistan, would they? You and I both know that India is going to have a huge say in what Pakistan can get from Russia, that is just how it is. As long as Pakistan is getting inoffensive and relatively trivial equipment the Indians see no reason in rocking the boat, it is nothing to them. But there is no doubt the Pakistanis and Russians alike know where the "red-lines" are.

 

[SQ8]

@Oscar "EVERYTHING" is a major exaggeration. You yourself admit that Pakistan can get anything that won't create waves ie small-scale inoffensive stuff. The Russians wouldn't sell S-300 SAMs or SU-30s to Pakistan, would they? You and I both know that India is going to have a huge say in what Pakistan can get from Russia, that is just how it is. As long as Pakistan is getting inoffensive and relatively trivial equipment the Indians see no reason in rocking the boat, it is nothing to them. But there is no doubt the Pakistanis and Russians alike know where the "red-lines" are.

Off course there are..
India does not bother much if Mi-17s end up with Pakistan.. since these do not as such pose a great change.
It will have problems if the S-300 is delivered.

 

[Abingdonboy]

Off course there are..
India does not bother much if Mi-17s end up with Pakistan.. since these do not as such pose a great change.
It will have problems if the S-300 is delivered.

Exactly, so your comments that "everything" Russian is on offer to Pakistan is at best an exaggeration.

 

[SQ8]

Exactly, so your comments that "everything" Russian is on offer to Pakistan is at best an exaggeration.

My comments on everything reflect on everything that does not constitute a media response.
A su-30 may constitute a media response.
An emitter array that is part of the Sorbitsya system will not constituite a response, since it qualifies as a general electronic export being sold to a private contractor.
The same cannot be said with transaction in the USA.

We purchase equipment from India using private companies registered elsewhere. Some of it are direct dual use components used in BEL products for the IAF. Yet a lot of it goes undetected
Not all goes India's way just as not all goes Pakistan's way.

Only if you are ever able to accept and concede the bold part would you be able to understand the balance.

 

[mwaraitch]

Just a thought - Which country's GPS system is used by PAF, Army and Navy or is it Pkistan's GPS?

Never heard of GPS manufacture by a Pakistani Firm

 

[The Eagle]

No need to revive old threads, especially the one with one liner question in OP.

Closed