Do you have any questions about China?

[shuttler]

haha, this is not a business, it's a cooking method, looks like meat or fish, and taste same too

Correct me if I am wrong. I think the concept of inventing vegetarian dishes that look and taste like meat was originated from Buddhist monks. It was said that during the transitional period of their conversion from a secular state to practising as buddhist monks,their habit of meat consumption could not be broken overnight and alas the making of these unique vegetarian dishes that had the look and almost equally satisfying to the palate of the monks as real meat!

 

[itaskol]

This is not correct.

Initially the British came as a commercial enterprise. Their original representation in India was as a joint stock company, not a national representation. They made applications to the ruling monarchs, then the Mughals, and not, as you say, a Brahmin+Kshatriyas combination, for trading rights. They gradually acquired power and state authority, and became rulers with their Queen as Empress of India, only in 1858.

If you are interested, your account can be analyzed and the nature of British rule, as I have learnt from studying history, can be presented.

you can read the chinese I have wrote? very impressive.

 

[Joe Shearer]

hard to say....
the brits robbed a lot from india. but did not destroyed india culture...

英国对印度的征服的统治，我觉得应该客观地说，英国，是比蒙古莫卧尔征服者文明程度更高的外来统治者。英国确实对印度进行了殖民统治，但是，打击的，主要是世袭领地地主贾吉达尔(jagirdar)和世袭正果人士(zamindars)、军事贵族刹帝利(kshatriyas)。而取而代之的统治，较之其土生婆罗门、刹帝利联盟来说，税负剥削程度要低得多。同时，对农业灌溉和公共设施的社会投资，也要多得多。即使是在东印度公司时期，农业灌溉面积增加了八倍，农民税负只有莫卧儿时期的三分一略多。印度人口也从不足一亿，增加到了三亿之众。印度第一次出现了商业信用契约，全国通用的货币、金融。通过英国的小区法官，套用英国式的法治裁判，贱民们第一次拥有了与正果人士打官司的权力。用中国的传统用语来说，英国东印度公司创造了印度的“盛世”。英国对印度的统治，主要是打击了印度赖以自豪的民族精神，令今天印度民族观念的形成，始终无法在“欧洲文明衍生体”，还是“印度文明的继承体”之间作出选择。某种意义上，英国统治对于形成印度民族观，没有帮助。啥此以外，英国本身，应是印度历史上最好的统治者，或者说，最好的一个罪犯。

英国第一次完成了对印度的行政统一。而且，无论是行政牵涉的细节，还是行政覆盖涉及的范围，都远远超过历史上任何一个印度帝国的两到三倍。某种意义上说，没有英国的“征服”，就没有今天的印度。英国对印度的行政，也非常高效。他们把印度分成几千个小区，每个区小得可以派遣一名英国人同时担任法官、税务官、**局。也就是，一个按照英颁印度法律在当地维持统治的小皇帝。小皇帝的任期有限，税收要上缴，薪水由东印度公司发出，（英国政府接收印度后，改由英国支薪）。这是一个外来的高薪养廉的统治阶层，今天新加坡香港所谓的高薪养廉，学的就是英国对印度的殖民统治。而且，他们也确实廉，横竖他们是外派的，所有的人情宗教世俗，对他们全无影响。统治印度只需要不到3.5万英国人，包括了军人和家属。相比于三个代表需要负担一亿人统治中国的行政负担，不能不说，英属印度的行政效率，超出了任何一次的莫卧儿土产王公，也超出K了任何一界中国皇朝的政府

I disagree greatly with your second paragraph, which is a view purely from a British point of view. Such administration coverage ini depth, and in detail, was available more than once before.

There is also a huge gap in understanding about the term India and its political and cultural implications.

I will be happy to clarify, but only if it is sought.

you can read the chinese I have wrote? very impressive.

No, not at all. Fortunately your writing is straightforward and very logical, and responds well to automatic translation. Many people write tangled messages; it is difficult to make out what they are trying to convey.

 

[shuttler]

Correct me if I am wrong. I think the concept of inventing vegetarian dishes that look and taste like meat was originated from Buddhist monks. It was said that during the transitional period of their conversion from a secular state to practising as buddhist monks,their habit of meat consumption could not be broken overnight and alas the making of these unique vegetarian dishes that had the look and almost equally satisfying to the palate of the monks as real meat!

can you name some good vegetarian Chinese dishes??

Here is one classic:

斋香素烧鹅 Vegie roast goose

 

[djsjs]

Interestingly a lot of Chinese believe India in a Buddihism country. Very few people know Hinduism.

there is a famous a story"Journey to the West",and the destination of Xuanzang and his apprentices is india.so everyone knows .only in history books can we know that hinduism is bigger.....for the general publice,knowing buddihism is from india is enough.you can not see even a shadow of hinduism in china

 

[KS]

From that reconstruction, it seems that people from central Asia came into India, speaking a different language from those being spoken until then, and formed a layer of conquering and ruling families over the existing people.

If you are referring to the Rajputs that is just a hypothesis and not a fact. There are alternate hypothesis (backed by their own accounts, excavations etc) to that too. Read a very detailed note from a Rajput (Rathore) member in a another fora about their origins and its not the Hepthalites came here and the Brahmins made them the Rajputs. Only some clans of the Rajput claim the foreign link and most do not, according to him. I will try to re-post his post after finding it.

Never afterwards was the continuity of Civilisation broken, although there were additions to it, as with the growing number of Muslims, different languages, cultural customs and ways of life were introduced, usually directly or indirectly from what was done in other countries.

Many Indians do not agree with this account, for reasons of nationalistic pride, and refusal to accept what British and foreign, including Arab, Persian and central Asian historians recorded.

it seems that people from central Asia came into India, speaking a different language from those being spoken until then, and formed a layer of conquering and ruling families over the existing people. - this can be said with the most certainity for the Turco-mongols who came in the 13th century. The Arab and Turco-mongols were just additions, not welcome additions.

Here is one classic:

斋香素烧鹅 Vegie roast goose

Ahhh...looks sumptuous...

 

[Joe Shearer]

对! 英国人是殖民地统治者的专家! 他们有一套, 但最终是想同化, 蚕食,留下祸根!

It is true that their economic exploitation was ruthless and complete, and also destroyed a huge amount of wealth-making capacity. Entire industries, especially in textile, disappeared. They did, however, leave some legacies behind. These include an administrative system which substituted for the older systems, an educational system, railways, the telegraph and postal system, and the best part, a judicial system, even though one based purely on British laws.

An enormous amount of repair had to be done after they left. These contributions of theirs helped.

there is a famous a story"Journey to the West",and the destination of Xuanzang and his apprentices is india.so everyone knows .only in history books can we know that hinduism is bigger.....for the general publice,knowing buddihism is from india is enough.you can not see even a shadow of hinduism in china

I wonder if you know that the character of Monkey is taken from the Monkey Hero Hanuman, from the epic the Ramayana. Interesting.

 

[shuttler]

there is a famous a story"Journey to the West",and the destination of Xuanzang and his apprentices is india.so everyone knows .only in history books can we know that hinduism is bigger.....for the general publice,knowing buddihism is from india is enough.you can not see even a shadow of hinduism in china

we are blessed with that!
I am not sure about if Buddhism is 100% from india. One founding monk, if he was one of the original ones, was born in Nepal!

Ahhh...looks sumptuous...

These dishes are not expensive and some of them can be taken away over the counter! You need to find one though!

 

[Joe Shearer]

If you are referring to the Rajputs that is just a hypothesis and not a fact. There are alternate hypothesis (backed by their own accounts, excavations etc) to that too. Read a very detailed note from a Rajput (Rathore) member in a another fora about their origins and its not the Hepthalites came here and the Brahmins made them the Rajputs. Only some clans of the Rajput claim the foreign link and most do not, according to him. I will try to re-post his post after finding it.

No. I was referring to the AIT, therefore my hesitation.

I would hugely appreciate the note.

it seems that people from central Asia came into India, speaking a different language from those being spoken until then, and formed a layer of conquering and ruling families over the existing people. - this can be said with the most certainity for the Turco-mongols who came in the 13th century. The Arab and Turco-mongols were just additions, not welcome additions.

Agree.

The lack of welcome would apply to all incursions!

]Ahhh...looks sumptuous...

we are blessed with that!
I am not sure about if Buddhism is 100% from india. One founding monk, if he was one of the original ones, was born in Nepal!

100%.

Reasons are lengthy.

 

[shuttler]

It is true that their economic exploitation was ruthless and complete, and also destroyed a huge amount of wealth-making capacity. Entire industries, especially in textile, disappeared. They did, however, leave some legacies behind. These include an administrative system which substituted for the older systems, an educational system, railways, the telegraph and postal system, and the best part, a judicial system, even though one based purely on British laws.

An enormous amount of repair had to be done after they left. These contributions of theirs helped.

These are the standard evils of colonialism and indeed some legacy of the Brits have an impact on indians culture, law and order!
Somewhat like what they have done to HK, Singapore!

The cannibalization of one country's indigenous industry is on going way beyond the imperialists period which is now disguised in the form of mergers and acquisitions

 

[djsjs]

you can read the chinese I have wrote? very impressive.

杯具了巴，银家会用股割番翼，俺滴话奏不帕谢蜜。

 

[Joe Shearer]

These are the standard evils of colonialism and indeed some legacy of the Brits have an impact on indians culture, law and order!
Somewhat like what they have done to HK, Singapore!

The cannibalization of one country's indigenous industry is on going way beyond the imperialists period which is now disguised in the form of mergers and acquisitions

Surprisingly not so marked.

For a period of some forty or fifty years, the Indian economy was tightly regulated in the Soviet pattern, but with scope for Indian capitalists. Some very large groups emerged, and now, in today's much more free industrial culture, the balance is pretty even. Perhaps even weighted in favour of the Indian side, because it is difficult for overseas enterprises to deal with Indian customers, so they need to work with an Indian partner before striking out on their own. This is what the Japanese have been doing, with great success.

杯具了巴，银家会用股割番翼，俺滴话奏不帕谢蜜。

Thank you very much.

My automatic translator is lying in a corner of the room, clutching its stomach, crying in pain.

 

[djsjs]

I wonder if you know that the character of Monkey is taken from the Monkey Hero Hanuman, from the epic the Ramayana. Interesting.

Do not indulge in the statements of a school.it should meet the needs of at least 2 conditions:1, there was a chinese version of Ramayana before Wu Cheng'en wrote his book. 2 ,Monkey Hero Hanuman was known by many people of that period,at least Wu knew it .
in fact .the first chinese version of ramayana born in 1980s,and even nowadays few people know about Monkey Hero Hanuman

 

[Viet]

Interesting...this thread is turning more or less into a Sino-India discussion.

 

[djsjs]

My automatic translator is lying in a corner of the room, clutching its stomach, crying in pain.

hahaha.....
all chinese know what i mean, but no automatic translator in the world can tell you.This is the charm of Chinese characters

Interesting...this thread is turning more or less into a Sino-India discussion.

because you always keep quiet