Dam Construction in Pakistan

[VisionHawk]

ZHOB (PPI): Human Resource Development (HDF), an NGO of Pakistani Americans has decided to build six more dams in Zhob district to overcome the challenge of water shortage.

The construction of six more dams with the involvement of local community would help bring 16 thousand acres of land under cultivation and provide safe drinking water to three lac people.

This was disclosed by Dr. Khalid Masood, Chairman HDF and member President's Task Force on Human development while talking to a group of Islamabad based journalists currently on a visit to Baluchistan.

He referred to the construction of Shahabzai dam, completed in a record period of one year at a cost of Rs. 2.2 million and said the dam was build through handwork, devotion, and collaboration of Human development foundation (HDF) an NGO of Pakistani Americans and the people of Shahabzai.

He said Shahabzai dam situated about 22 Kilometers from Zhob city has the capacity to store around 26.5 million gallons of water. He proudly said it is the largest community built dam in Pakistan.

He said it is delay action dam", or "Check dam", which relies on rainy water. He said that "these kind of dams not only save the rainy water for irrigation and other purposes but also increase the under-ground water Ievel".

He said construction of the dam commenced in October 2000 and was completed on July 20, 2001. He said Rs. I50,000 ($2,500) were contributed by the local community, out of the total cost of Rs. 2.2 million ($35,000).

He said the total catchment area of this dam is 12 Square Kilometers while its length is 1400 feet. Around 26.5 million gallons of water can be , stored in this dam. He added the height of the embankment of the dam is 58 feet while spillway is 44 feet high.

He said dam will benefit around 10,000 people from 50 villages.

He said usually, Zhob receives rains in the monsoon season, which occurs from middle of July to middle of August besides it receives second spell in October.

Ghani Khan Marwat, HDF Country director apprised the media team that agriculture Sector in Zhob and the most parts of Baluchistan depend on Karez (under-ground water resources). He said unfortunately due to growing decrease in under-ground water !evel, this system is not as effective as it was some 10 years ago due to insufficient rains".

He said this dam will also help make the Karez system once again effective". He added that two dams of the similar size were constructed by the Baluchistan government, of which one is operative while other was washed away by a heavy flow of rainy water.

 

[Interceptor]

Mirani Dam Project

Mirani dam is located on the Dasht river about 40 km west of Turbat in the Makran division, Balochistan. The project aims at provision of dependable water supply for development of irrigated agriculture on both banks of the Dasht river. This is the first Engineering Procurement & Construction (EPC) contract in the water sector under WAPDA's Vision 2025 Water & Power Development Programme.

The EPC contract was awarded in June 2002 to Mirani Dam Joint Venture (MDJV) consisting of three local construction companies for completion of the Project within a period of 4 years.

A joint venture of local and foreign consultants, led by NESPAK, is providing the Management Consultancy Services to WAPDA for the Project.

http://www.nespak.com.pk/news/newsdetail.asp?id=867
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Posting development phaze.

 

[Interceptor]

Mirani Dam Project - Management Consultancy Services

The contract for the Management Consultancy services was awarded by WAPDA to NEAC Consultants, a joint venture of four principal firms (2 expatriate and 2 local) in February 2002. NESPAK has the lead role in the joint venture, which is responsible for overview, coordination and engineering review of the Project.

In addition, the Management Consultants assist WAPDA in the project execution to achieve the objectives of a functional, reliable and safe facility meeting the specifications and completing the project within budget and on schedule.

NEAC Consultants, with a rich reservoir of local and foreign experts, have been contributing tremendously in the design and construction of the project.

The role of the Management Consultants became even more critical and conspicuous as it guided and advised the EPC Contractor, who was at an early stage of acquiring experience in the design and construction of dams.

Apart from ensuring quality of construction at site, the Management Consultants have so far reviewed more than 250 design and technical documents as well as construction drawings. New and better alternatives and cost effective solutions in the design and construction of the project proposed by the Management Consultants were incorporated in the project by the Contractor.

This resulted in timely completion of the project building to high standards and enhancement in the quality and life of the project.


Downstream view of spillway


Intake Structure & View of CFR dam reservior


Project Layout

http://www.nespak.com.pk/news/newsdetail.asp?id=868

 

[Interceptor]

Mirani Dam Project - Many Firsts of the Mirani Dam Project

The Mirani Dam Project has the unique distinction to be:


- the first Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC) Project in the water sector in Pakistan;

- the first concrete faced rockfill dam (CFRD) of more than 100 ft. height in Pakistan;

- the first project with the longest aqueduct-cum-bridge for its size in Pakistan

- the first water sector project inaugurated under WAPDA's Vision 2025 Water & Power Development Programme;

- the first mega project under Vision 2025 Programme completed through a JV of indigenous construction companies;

and

- the first mega water project in Balochistan whose foundation stone laying and inauguration ceremonies were performed by the President of Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf himself.

http://www.nespak.com.pk/news/newsdetail.asp?id=869

 

[Interceptor]

Mirani Dam Project - Salient Features

* Hydrology
▪ Total catchment area - 7964 sq.miles
▪ Average annual rainfall - 4.21 inches
▪ Average annual flow - 223000 acre ft.
▪ Maximum probable flow - 623860 cusecs


* Dam
▪ Type - CFRD
▪ Maximum Height - 127 ft.
▪ Crest Elevation (SPD) - 286 ft.
▪ Length - 3080 ft.


* Reservoir
▪ Area - 17982 acres
▪ Gross Storage - 302000 acre-ft.
▪ Live Storage - 152000 acre-ft.
▪ Normal conservation level (SPD) - 244 ft.
▪ Highest flood level (SPD) - 276 ft.
▪ Average Annual Releases - 114000 acre-ft.


* Spillway
▪ Type - Ungated with stilling
▪ Design capacity - 205806 cusecs
▪ Maximum Design Capacity - 384300 cusecs
▪ Water way (ogee length) - 600 ft.


* Irrigation Outlet
▪ Type - Steel conduit
▪ Diameter - 6 ft.
▪ Capacity - 377 cusecs
▪ Length - 1490 ft.


* Low Level Outlet
▪ Type - Steel conduit
▪ Diameter - 3 ft.
▪ Capacity - 120 cusecs
▪ Length - 855 ft.


* Irrigation System
▪ Type - Gravity, lined canals
▪ Total command area - 33200 acres
▪ On left bank - 12400 acres
▪ On right bank - 20800 acres
- Left Bank Canal::
▪ Design discharge - 141 cusecs
▪ Length - 11.84 miles
▪ No. of distributary canals - 4
▪ No. of minor canals - 18
▪ No. of watercourses - 77
- Right Bank Canal::
▪ Design discharge - 236 cusecs
▪ Length - 12.55 miles
▪ No. of distributary canals - 4
▪ No. of minor canals - 14
▪ No. of watercourses - 118


* Aqueduct cum Bridge on the Dasht River
▪ Structure type - Reinforced concrete (Post tensioned) Length - 2520 ft.
▪ No. of spans - 20
▪ Maximum height - 56 ft.


* Average Cropping Intensity - 85%
▪ Present - 4.60%


* Total Estimated Project Cost - Rs. 6959 million

* RAP Cost - Rs. 1148 million

* Economic Internal Rate of Return - 12%

http://www.nespak.com.pk/news/newsdetail.asp?id=870

 

[Interceptor]

Mirani Dam Project - Project Benefits

▪ The main objective of the Project is to store water for developing agriculture through irrigation of over 33,000 acres of land which could later be increased through better water management and improved irrigation techniques. A model farm using the drip and sprinkler irrigation techniques has been developed at the project site to familiarize the local farmers with micro-irrigation systems for promoting high efficiency irrigation methods. Other benefits of the project are;

▪ Improved marketing of agricultural products.

▪ Employment opportunities for the locals during the construction and the maintenance of the Project.

▪ Regular provision of water for the use of lower riparians.

▪ Development of fisheries. ▪ General socio-economic development and uplift of the area and improvement in standard of living of the local population.

▪ Flood mitigation. ▪ Supply of electricity to various villages/commercial centres enroute, by extending the 33 K.V line from Turbat to Mirani.

▪ Improved traffic facility by construction of 40 km metalled road from Turbat to Mirani in the area and access to local villages enroute.

▪ Recreational facilities in the area for the local population and tourists.

Aqueduct cum Bridge on the Dasht river

http://www.nespak.com.pk/news/newsdetail.asp?id=871

 

[Interceptor]

Mirani Dam Project - Resettlement Action Plan

In August 2004, WAPDA separately commissioned NESPAK to study and prepare the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Project. The studywas carried out in accordance with the World Bank guidelines.

The RAP was prepared in two phases. In Phase-1, the area up to the normal conservation level of 244 ft. and in the Phase-2 the area lying between elevations 244 ft. and 264 ft. were covered.

The submerged area under the conservation level is 17,982 acres. WAPDA has provided full compensation to the effectees through the Government of Balochistan.


Discharge through Howel Bunger Valve of low level Conduit


Typical X-Section of Mirani Dam


Typical X-Section of Splliway

http://www.nespak.com.pk/news/newsdetail.asp?id=872

 

[Interceptor]

May 18, 2007

39 uplift projects approved: CDWP okays Mirani dam resettlement action plan

By Our Staff Reporter

ISLAMABAD, May 17: The Central Development Working Party (CDWP) on Monday cleared 39 development projects estimated to cost Rs11.7 billion, including a resettlement action plan for Mirani Dam in Balochistan. These 39 projects involve a foreign exchange component of Rs1.8 billion.

The meeting was presided over by Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission Dr Akram Sheikh.

Planning commission spokesman Asif Sheikh told reporters after the meeting that in the infrastructure sector, 26 projects costing Rs8.5 billion, six social sector projects worth Rs1.4 billion and seven projects in science and technology and other sectors costing Rs1.8 billion were either approved or recommended to the Executive Committee of the National Economic Council for approval.

The meeting recommended the Resettlement Action Plan for Mirani Dam worth Rs1.84 billion to the Ecnec for approval. However, the CDWP appointed the National Rural Support Programme (NRSP) as third party which, with the help of the Balochistan government, would re-asses the cost of land, buildings and trees under the compensation package. He said that the height of Mirani dam would be increased by 20 feet that would increase the cost of the resettlement plan.

Mr Sheikh said that in the transport and telecommunication sector, the meeting approved 12 projects costing Rs4.9 billion, five water projects worth Rs5 billion, nine physical planning and housing projects valued at Rs1.5 billion, three higher education projects worth Rs986 million, four industrial and commerce sector projects which would cost Rs995 million and two projects in the science and technology sector worth Rs450 million.Of the approved projects, seven projects valued at Rs1.7 billion would be undertaken in the Punjab province, five projects costing Rs1.8 billion in Sindh, and 10 projects worth Rs1.6 billion in the NWFP. He said for the first time, the government had approved four projects of private sector.

He said that the meeting had also approved the settinh up of a foundry service centre in Lahore on 50:50 per cent basis funding. The project will cost Rs195 million. The centre would share 50 per cent of the cost in the project while the chamber of commerce would share the remaining cost. He said that the chamber would also give Rs500 million for purchasing land for the centre. He said that the center would provide dye-making and moulding facilities besides providing materials testing facilities and training.

He said the meeting also approved a product development centre in Gujranwala at a cost of Rs98.7 million that would also provide common facility for industrial development. “The meeting also approved product development center for composite based sports goods and business and commerce centre in Sialkot which will also extend facilities for industrial development.”

In the water sector, the meeting approved the construction of Lougher and Karak dams in Karak district and the Darmalak dam in Kohat district.

http://www.dawn.com/2007/05/18/top7.htm

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[Interceptor]

Designing Mirani Dam for local needs

By Sikander Brohi
09 August 2004


Water is a scarce commodity in Balochistan. Since long, communities have evolved indigenous institutions for regulating the use of this resource which essentially comprises of surface flows in ephemeral streams , spring water channelled through karezes and groundwater extracted through surface wells and tube wells.

Inadequate resources have propelled the government to construct the Mirani Dam across the Dasht River. It envisages provision of dependable irrigation supplies for the development of irrigated agriculture on the two banks of the river.

Dasht River is a non-perennial stream. Its flow depends on rainfall in the catchment area whose annual average is 4.2 inches. The project would be completed by 2006 with a cost of $101 million.

Though, it is being claimed that projects like the Mirani Dam would bring socio-economic changes, however, in practice the case seems to be averse. Policy makers neither bother to involve the common people nor do they keep their interests in mind while designing such projects.

Such is the case with the Mirani Dam. The feasibility report was completed in 1956 and the work began in 2001, and that too after the commencement of the Gwadar Deep-sea Port with the objective to provide water.

While designing the dam's height and storage capacity no consideration was given to minimizing the inundation of the local areas and populations. According to experts and local communities, a population of 50,000 is to be affected in the upstream of Dasht River as a result of the storing floodwater in the dam.

According to estimates, the majority of the population of Nasirabad, Nodiz and Kalatuk would be inundated once the water was stored in the dam to full capacity. These claims can be substantiated from the original project survey of 1956.

The dam's height in the original design was 80 feet not the present designed 127 feet. However, the survey had shown at least two Union Councils i.e., Nodiz and Nasirabad to be inundated as a result of the commissioning of the dam.

The dam is aimed at irrigating about 33,000 acres of land. However, its commissioning is already destroying millions of acres of cultivated land with 18 tube wells, five Karizes and many other irrigation infrastructures. Despite such destruction and possible inundation, so far, owners of only 6,700 acres have been provided compensation, while 18,981 acres await compensation.

The compensation provided is also not appropriate. Accordingly, communities in the case of Sabakzai Dam in Zhob district received compensation at Rs43,560 per acre, while the Mirani Dam affectees are being paid Rs15,000 to 20,000 per acre, only.

Besides, a vast upstream area including villages, irrigated lands, infrastructures including tube wells would face the menace of water logging and salinity. Interestingly, even after more than three years of work on the project no scientific survey has been undertaken to ascertain the extent of damage.

The commissioning of the dam will threaten the atmosphere of social cohesion in the region as lands close to the dam have been deprived of irrigation water as per design. According to the design, the dam is supposed to provide water to the lands at least 5km away.

For example, important areas of Bandgah, Hamlani and Sangai on the left bank of Dasht River would be deprived of water as per design. Similarly, areas on the Right Bank Canal, deprived of the irrigation water, include Jalabani, Siahalo, Zore Bazzar and Pittok.

Although, presently these areas are irrigated, however with the construction of the dam these lands would also become barren, causing social conflict between the landowners of these lands and the lands to be irrigated by the dam water. The landowners of these areas have already threatened not to allow the canal waters flow from their area if they are deprived of the water.

Meanwhile, there is no provision in the dam design for a floodgate in the downstream of Dasht River, and the outlet will exist only in the form of the sole spillway with a very limited capacity.

Due to an inadequate spillway, water would flow very slowly, thus terminating the flood irrigation in a 150km stretch on both banks of Dasht River downstream the dam.

Millions of acres of land is irrigated by flood irrigation. This land is situated in the average 5km width of the river, which receives river water in the case of flooding.

Millions cultivate crops and fruits like cotton, watermelon, mash etc., through flood irrigation. These lands would be degraded due to no flooding in the area once the dam was operational.

Besides, the flood irrigated lands, the downstream areas are also characterized with forests, which too, are the resources of livelihoods for millions. With the decrease in river flows these forests would be degraded and degenerated, which would result in the deprivation of livelihoods of a large number of woodcutters.

The major effect of the reduction in fresh water flows downstream area of the river would be on the Dasht River delta area, as reduction in flows would threaten mangrove forests, ultimately affecting the shrimp catch, a major source of livelihood for fisher folk communities. The dam project offers no compensation or alternative livelihoods for those growers, woodcutters and fishermen of the downstream region.

SUGGESTIONS: Height of the dam should be reduced by at least eight feet, which would prevent a large number of villages upstream from being inundated. Similarly, the proposed storage capacity should also be reduced by at least 15 feet, reducing the flood level by about 6 feet in the upstream areas, thus preventing vast areas including towns of Soleband and Nasirabad from being inundated.

A comprehensive survey of villages and lands should be carried out and a resettlement plan prepared before storing water in the dam. The affected people should be settled in and around Gwadar, ensuring some alternative livelihood to affectees.

Owners whose lands are affected should be provided lands in the dam command area and a scientific survey should be carried out to know the extent of possible extent of water logging in the upstream areas once the dam is operational.

The areas and the village to be threatened from the menace of water logging should also be provided reasonable compensation. Maximum Dasht River flows downstream the Mirani Dam should be ensured to save the flood irrigated lands, forests, and mangroves ecosystem of the Dasht Delta, as well as the fisheries and shrimp resources of the region.

http://www.dawn.com/2004/08/09/ebr12.htm
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Reports of the prpject and how it was developing during 2004.

 

[Interceptor]

• Client and Owner: Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA)

• Consultant/Designer: Nespak, ACE, Binie Black & Montgomery (NEAC)

• Description of Works: Engineering, Procurement and Construction Works.

Main Components:

• a) Hydrology: Catechment Area : 7,964 Sq. miles
• Average Annual Flow : 223,000 A. Ft.
• b) Reservoir: Gross Storage : 302,000 A. Ft.
• Live Storage : 52,000 A. Ft.
• Average Annual Releases : 114,000 A. Ft.
• c) Dam (Type: Earth Fill): Height : 127 Ft.
• Length at Crest : 3,350 Ft.
• Top Width : 35 Ft.
• a) Hydrology: Catechment Area : 7,964 Sq. miles
• d) Spillway (Type: Overflow): Clear Waterway : 344 Ft.
• Designed Capacity : 205,800 Cusecs
• Maximum Capacity : 384,300 Cusecs
• e) Outlet: Tunnel Diameter : 8 Ft
• Capacity : 377 Cusecs
• Access Road: 43 Km
• Irrigation System: Gravity, Lined Channels
• Command Area & Capacity of System
• Right Bank Canal : 20,800 Acres & 36 Cusecs
• Left Bank Canal : 12,400 Acres & 141 Cusecs
• Total : 33,200 Acres & 377 Cusecs
• Man-hours: 10.87 million
• Peak manpower: 1,550
• Completion: July 2006

 

[Interceptor]

Pictures of the project.

 

[Interceptor]

Mangla Dam Raising Project

• Client and Owner: Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA)
• Consultant/Designer: Mangla Joint Venture (MJV) NESPAK, ACE, Barqaab, Binnie Black, Veatch & Harza
• Description of Works: Mangla Dam raising project envisages its main crest level to be raised by 30 ft, from EI. 1234 ft. to EI. 1264 ft. The existing 454 ft. high dam is an earthfill structure with clay core and gravel and rolled sand stone shoulders. The main and emergency spillways will be modified for the raised conservation level.
• Main Components:

Main Dam & Intake Embankment

• * Sukian Dyke
• * Jari Dam & Rimworks
• * Main Spillway
• * Emergency Spillway
• * Gate Equipment
• * Mirpur Bypass Road

• Man-hours: 21.3 million
• Expected Completion Date: September 20 2007

http://descon.com/Sectors/Infrastructure/manglaDamRaising.aspx

 

[Introvert]

Chinese company receives Contract to Build Pakistan Dam

Wednesday, 26 December 2007

Gezhouba Co., one of China's largest civil engineering companies, said it's received a $1.5 billion contract to build a hydroelectric dam in Pakistan, according to its statement to the Shanghai Stock Exchange today.

Gezhouba, with the help of China National Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Corp., will build the Neelum-Jhelum dam on the Neelum River to generate electricity, the company said. The dam is in Azad Kashmir near the India border and will be completed within 93 months, the Chinese company said.

The project, which will generate 969 megawatts of electricity, will be inaugurated by President Pervez Musharraf at the end of the month, Pakistan.

More than 2,000 Chinese engineers will work on the project in pakistan.

Chinese company receives Contract to Build Pakistan Dam - Unique Pakistan

 

[fatman17]

Chinese company receives Contract to Build Pakistan Dam

Wednesday, 26 December 2007

Gezhouba Co., one of China's largest civil engineering companies, said it's received a $1.5 billion contract to build a hydroelectric dam in Pakistan, according to its statement to the Shanghai Stock Exchange today.

Gezhouba, with the help of China National Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Corp., will build the Neelum-Jhelum dam on the Neelum River to generate electricity, the company said. The dam is in Azad Kashmir near the India border and will be completed within 93 months, the Chinese company said.

The project, which will generate 969 megawatts of electricity, will be inaugurated by President Pervez Musharraf at the end of the month, Pakistan.

More than 2,000 Chinese engineers will work on the project in pakistan.

Chinese company receives Contract to Build Pakistan Dam - Unique Pakistan

shouldnt this post be in the economic and development section or i am just being picky

 

[mujahideen]

Well we need electricity and we should get it anyway we can.