Creation of Bangladesh

[roadrunner]

We have Salim here how has actually fought in the 1971 war, retired as Indian Army Brigadier. He would be best to tell you about the atrocities commited by the Eastern PA, and the designs of the Indian Army

..and here's Salim in action

 

[BanglaBhoot]

The idea should be to live in the present and build strategies to deal with what is happening now. Dwelling on the past will not bring back the dead. The 1971 generation had the opportunity to raise these issues at the time but did not. In fact they went on to mess up the country and did their fair share of killing, raping and robbing so no one has clean hands in any of this. We can instead learn from the mistakes that were made and make sure they are not repeated.

 

[Tiki Tam Tam]

salman,

I will leave it at that.

There is nothing to be gained to raking up history since all knows what happened.

While you can claim that those mentioned by you were responsible i.e Indians and Banglabandhu and his party and Bengalis in general, do look inward also and see what led/helped them to it and who really is responsible.

It would be wonderful to believe that the West Pakistanis did not look down on Bengalis. But I would honestly be surprised if you would like us to believe that the Bengalis of East Pakistan all flew over the cuckoos' nest!

 

[BanglaBhoot]

In an article written by a friend of mine a few years ago he showed how racial and regional stereotypes existed on all sides. While West Pakistanis did look down upon East Pakistanis it also worked the other way around with Muslim Bengalis feeling that the Pakistani Punjabis were all brawn and no brains and that those were given in a larger proportion to the East Pakistanis by God. The reason that such racial stereotypes led to civil war (and independence) was because one side had guns and was prepared to use it with out thinking of the wider consequences. Anyway, as I have repeatedly been saying raking over the embers of history will not bring back the dead but we can learn from what happened.

 

[Tiki Tam Tam]

Comparative economics.
http://www.virtualbangladesh.com/economy/stats.html

 

[akzaman]

The Last Days of Pakistan: Recollections of a Civil Servant

Azizul Jalil, USA

In March 1969, President Ayub Khan had convened a roundtable conference in Rawalpindi. It was a last ditch attempt to save his endangered position and arrive at a consensus among leaders of East and West Pakistan to maintain the integrity of Pakistan.

The conference failed to achieve its purpose and there was terrible uncertainty in the country. In East Pakistan, there was an ongoing movement to assert its full rights within Pakistan, which often turned violent. East Pakistan’s governor, Monem Khan had become very unpopular in East Pakistan and even hated by the people. Ayub decided to sacrifice him and appoint Dr. M.N. Huda in his place. Then, serving in the president’s secretariat as a Deputy Secretary, I had the opportunity to watch these developments closely because of my frequent visits to the East Pakistan House in Rawalpindi and conversations with the leaders and high officials of the province.

The day after Monem Khan’s replacement was announced, I received a call from his secretary to meet the governor in the evening. One other Bengali officer was also invited. When I entered the living room of the governor’s suite in East Pakistan House, I found Monem Khan standing near a door, clad in kurta/ pajama, literally trembling in nervousness.

When we all sat down, he went on a monologue for a few minutes about what was happening in Pakistan-- chaos, lawlessness and lack of respect for the authority of the government. He spoke not from strength, but from extreme helplessness and despair. He asked us, at the time relatively junior of the senior officers in the Pakistan government, whether it was not time for the military to bring order in the country. We told him that the military would intervene only in their own self-interest and on their own terms. They would also time it accordingly. Obviously, Monem was hoping for a different answer to get some reassurance for his troubled mind.

Monem Khan then said something, which I will never forget. I later wondered whether he had a premonition of things that would later happen to him. Literally shaking in fear, the old man said he would soon return to Dhaka. He recalled with a sigh that the remains of Ayub’s father had been taken out of his grave at Nehala (near Rawalpindi), and dishonoured. Monem Khan feared that people might try to do the same after assassinating him. However, if he had to die he would like to die in nijer desh (own country). We knew what could happen to him once out of power and government protection. There was no consolation to offer--we remained silent. What happened to him in 1971 is widely known.

The governor-designate Dr. Huda was a teacher of mine at the Dhaka University and we were quite close. He, then a provincial finance minister, called me to the East Pakistan House and requested the urgent transfer of two Bengali officers of the central cadres then occupying important positions in Dhaka. He thought that they were too close to Monem Khan and the transfers were essential to run the administration his way.

The matter was takenup with M.H. Sufi, the Cabinet Secretary, who was also in charge of the establishment division. He told me that since the Governor-designate had made the request, it was not important that the request was not made directly to the secretary and that Dr. Huda had not even taken the oath of office. We should proceed immediately to accommodate him. We issued the orders of transfer within two days. Meanwhile, Dr. Huda went back to Dhaka and was sworn-in. However, after a few days on March 25, Yahya Khan declared martial law and took over powers. Dr. Huda ceased to be the governor and General Muzaffaruddin, the GOC 14 Division took charge as the provincial martial law administrator. The officers were transferred nonetheless.

In the summer of 1970, the Planning Commission had constituted an advisory panel of academic and professional economists to consider the macroeconomic and overall issues relating to the draft Fourth Five-Year Plan (FYP) for 1970-75. At that time, I got a call in my office in the Economic Affairs Division (EAD) in Islamabad from Dr. Mazharul Huq, my old teacher at the Dhaka University. He was the Chairman of the panel, which had equal number of senior East and West Pakistani economists.

Dr. Huq complained that he had not been provided with any facility for his work, not even a steno/typist with a typewriter and stationary. Although I was not officially concerned with the panel, I took up the matter with the high officials of the planning commission and the EAD (happened to be West Pakistanis). They told me that they had not received any official request in that regard.

Finding no alternative, I asked my personal assistant, a Bengali, whether he was willing to go with me when the office closed (after 1:30 pm), take out the big typewriter in my office (completely irregular and punishable) and provide help to Dr. Huq. He unhesitatingly agreed. I picked him up from his quarters, went back to the secretariat to pick up the typewriter, and drove from Islamabad to the East Pakistan House in Pindi where the Bengali economists were staying. After discussing some issues with the panel members, I left the secretary to work with them returning at night to pick him up.

The secretary refused to accept a modest compensation from me for his services, telling me that he was happy to work for the Bengali cause. The panel deliberated for some days, failed to come to an agreed recommendation and ended with the economists of each wing submitting two separate reports.

The cabinet that Yahya formed after imposing martial law had five members from East Pakistan. None of them had any political background except Dr. A, M. Malik, who was the senior-most. Before submission of Pakistan’s Fourth Five Year Plan (FYP) to the cabinet for approval, we, the activist Bengali civil servants in the central government (Dr. Sattar, Obaidullah Khan and me) approached the East Pakistani ministers.


We had serious objections to the Planning Commission’s proposals and allocation of funds for East Pakistan, which were less than fifty percent of the total. It did not recognize the existing disparity between East and West Pakistan and the fact that East Pakistan had fifty-six percent of the population. To these, the Planning Commission’s response was that West Pakistan was geographically far-flung and had a larger size. East Pakistan did not have the absorptive capacity due to implementation weaknesses and lack of local funds. They famously held that though disparity between the two wings had increased, the rate of growth of disparity had gone down.

In EAD, for estimating resources available during the plan period from foreign aid we had to count the local resources arising from counterpart funds of foreign loans and commodity aid. Being responsible for USAID in EAD, I found that rupee funds from the sale of DDT under US assistance arose entirely from East Pakistan, where it was used. The use of DDT was discontinued in West Pakistan for a number of years, but the counterpart funds were divided equally and one-half continued to be credited to West Pakistan. I raised the issue at a meeting between senior officers of the planning commission and EAD at which Dr.Mahbubul Huq was present.

He was then a staff member of the World Bank and loaned to the planning commission for assistance in finalizing the FYP. I proposed that the entire rupee funds from sale of DDT be allocated to East Pakistan, which had local resource constraints. Dr. Huq countered it by an economic argument, whose thrust, as I understood it, was that those were not real resources for development! I am mentioning this anecdote to exemplify the subtle ways in which East Pakistan had been deprived of its legitimate share.

We prepared short analytical notes and talking points for the ministers from East Pakistan and went to their homes in the evenings to brief them for the cabinet meeting on FYP. In examination of the economic issues of the plan, Dr. Anisur Rahman, then a Professor at the Islamabad University, assisted and fully cooperated with us. Syeduzzaman, then an officer in the Central government, had separately briefed the commerce minister, Ahsanul Huq. We found the ministers, in varying degrees of enthusiasm, receptive to our views and efforts. Thus motivated and equipped with notes, the Bengali ministers took part in the cabinet deliberations of the FYP.

G.W. Choudhury, one of the ministers, countered the argument that the much bigger area of West Pakistan justified greater allocation by saying that development was for the people and not for the barren deserts of Sind and the mountains of the Frontier and Baluchistan provinces. Other Bengali ministers, led by Dr. Malik, voiced their objections to the inequities of the Plan and demanded that the plan proposals be modified and affirmative actions taken to reduce disparity between the two wings. Later, I learnt that Yahya Khan had tauntingly asked what Dr. Malik and his Muslim League party did in respect of removal of disparity when they were in power for a long time.

In the end, due to the objections of the Bengali ministers, the cabinet referred the Plan back to the Planning Commission for reconsideration. The Fourth FYP was not finalized by March 1971, when due to the army crack down beginning on March 25, the plan became irrelevant to East Pakistan.

Brigadier Iskander Karim (Later Major General) was a senior Bengali staff officer in the president’s office. He and I had worked very closely during my time in the Establishment Division, as well as in the EAD, both in the president’s secretariat. Whether it was in respect of appointments, promotions or transfers of senior central government officials or issues relating to the FYP, we coordinated our work to promote East Pakistan’s interests. Karim and I maintained these contacts until I left for Brussels in November 1970. From early that year, preparations were afoot to hold a general election on adult franchise throughout Pakistan for a new parliament and drafting of a new constitution. It was clear that because of its bigger population, East Pakistani members would be in a majority in the new parliament.

However, there were then about seventy political parties in East Pakistan. Brig. Karim informed me that military intelligence reports to the president were to the effect that the voting strength of East Pakistan in parliament would be split among a large number of parties. The province would not have a unified voice with regard to its demands and even if the Bengalis were in the government, they would not be effective vis-a-vis West Pakistan and the army junta. In view of this, he felt that we should try to accomplish as much as possible for East Pakistan within the reality of the existing governmental framework and before the new and possibly a weak government comes into office.

Within the limitations, we did just that but in the absence of an overall political settlement in Pakistan, it was too little, too late. Actually, the military intelligence assessments were utterly wrong with regard to the Bengali people’s mood and the extent of their political alienation from Pakistan. In the seventy elections, the Awami League won overwhelmingly in East Pakistan and became the single largest party in parliament. However, the parliament was never convened by Yahya Khan. The ultimate result was the break up of Pakistan at the end of 1971.

http://bangladesh-web.com/view.php?hidDate...000000000098737

 

[salman nedian]

In an article written by a friend of mine a few years ago he showed how racial and regional stereotypes existed on all sides. While West Pakistanis did look down upon East Pakistanis it also worked the other way around with Muslim Bengalis feeling that the Pakistani Punjabis were all brawn and no brains and that those were given in a larger proportion to the East Pakistanis by God. The reason that such racial stereotypes led to civil war (and independence) was because one side had guns and was prepared to use it with out thinking of the wider consequences. Anyway, as I have repeatedly been saying raking over the embers of history will not bring back the dead but we can learn from what happened.

But how can we move forward ? there should be some framework which unfortunately is not there .there must be more people to people contact,more cooperation economically,in defence,in increasing life standerds of people,in health sector.Muslim world is going through a bad patch and the 2 Big Muslim counties (they both were one country) should show the world that they are still the one logical entity b/c now there is only one rule in world "Might is Right".
Muslims of Subcontinent are in such large numbers that they can become one of the super powers but unfortunately they are divided and have differences and misunderstandngs among them.

 

[BanglaBhoot]

I think the first step is being taken ... a few of us on this forum have taken that first step by expressing our understanding of the issues and the willingness to overcome the barriers ... In Bangladesh I know that contacts are being renewed on many levels with Pakistan over time this will take a more tangible form very soon ... The only problem is the internal problemsin both Pakistan and Bangladesh may delay that process ....

 

[Bull]

I think the first step is being taken ... a few of us on this forum have taken that first step by expressing our understanding of the issues and the willingness to overcome the barriers ... In Bangladesh I know that contacts are being renewed on many levels with Pakistan over time this will take a more tangible form very soon ... The only problem is the internal problemsin both Pakistan and Bangladesh may delay that process ....

Why is that muslims are so eager in tie ups with each other even if there is nothing that each other can offer to each other. Why cannot B'desh look east towards Ind/Ma/Sing/Tha and open trade routs and learn from them?

 

[HK-47]

Why cannot B'desh look east towards Ind/Ma/Sing/Tha and open trade routs and learn from them?

we already are.and I think K.Zia's govt performed very irresponsibly sometimes.and we haven't got a consistent robust foreign policy even if the top two parties have implemented similar ideologies.

 

[roadrunner]

It would be wonderful to believe that the West Pakistanis did not look down on Bengalis. But I would honestly be surprised if you would like us to believe that the Bengalis of East Pakistan all flew over the cuckoos' nest!

There was no more looking down on Bengalis than any other country.

Comparative economics.
http://www.virtualbangladesh.com/economy/stats.html

The first table has Bangladeshi literacy higher than Pakistani literacy at 35%!! Now that is brainwashing of bonlabobo type proportions. In 2006, literacy was around 50-60% as quoted by independent organizations. Bharat's literacy was also higher.

 

[roadrunner]

In an article written by a friend of mine a few years ago he showed how racial and regional stereotypes existed on all sides. While West Pakistanis did look down upon East Pakistanis it also worked the other way around with Muslim Bengalis feeling that the Pakistani Punjabis were all brawn and no brains and that those were given in a larger proportion to the East Pakistanis by God. The reason that such racial stereotypes led to civil war (and independence) was because one side had guns and was prepared to use it with out thinking of the wider consequences. Anyway, as I have repeatedly been saying raking over the embers of history will not bring back the dead but we can learn from what happened.

Dude, it's been established that there was violence by the Bengalis well before war broke out. That was Bengali on Bihari violence but there was also plenty of incidences of Bengali attacks on West Pakistani soldiers. The Muktihi Bahini was well prepared in advance of the way with the help of Bharati weapons, as the reports documented have shown. The EPR had their own set of weapons anyhow. But if the Bengalis are attacking West Pakistan soldiers and Biharis, it is quite right to try and root out the perpetrators of the violence with violent methods.

 

[BanglaBhoot]

The use of proportionate force would not have divided the country. Yes root out the miscreants but why crackdown on the entire country and risk a wider revolt.

 

[BanglaBhoot]

This is what I meant by gradual steps in cooperation -


Pakistan keen to sign FTA with Bangladesh

Rafiqul Islam Azad back from Pakistan

The New Nation - August 2, 2007

Pakistan’s business community is keen on signing Free Trade Agreement (FTA) of their country with Bangladesh in order to enhance bilateral trade between the two SAARC countries.

“Business leaders of Pakistan are pursuing the signing of such a trade agreement with Bangladesh also to help boost investment between the two countries,” said Majyd Aziz, President of Karachi Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KCCI) while talking to a team of Bangladeshi journalists in Karachi, the commercial hub of Pakistan, recently.

He said there is an ample scope for expansion of bilateral trade between the two countries. “Both the countries should import from each other rather than buying from far away countries,” he said.

The KCCI President said there is vast scope of joint ventures between Pakistan and Bangladesh particularly in the field of textiles, leather, chemicals, fertilizer and engineering.

“We are insisting on enhancing trade with Bangladesh as well as with other SAARC countries,” he said.

He underlined the need for turning the South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) more effective in the interest of increasing trade in the region.

“Trade is not progressing under the SAFTA due to certain reasons including tariff and non- tariff barriers,” he said.

The KCCI President also laid emphasis on the positive mindset among politicians, businessmen and bureaucrats of the region to implement SAFTA effectively to increase intra-regional trade.

Majyd Aziz appreciated Bangladesh for its success in exporting readymade garment and said that Bangladesh is likely to cross Pakistan in exporting garment within next three to four years.

The KCCI President mentioned that trade volume between Pakistan and Sri Lanka substantially increased after both the countries signed a bilateral free trade agreement

Pakistan, being the third largest consumer of tea with a market of some 225 million US dollars, can become the largest market for Bangladeshi tea if Dhaka ensures quality and competitive price, he said.

But record shows that Bangladesh exported tea valued at only US$ 10 million to Pakistan in the 2004-05 fiscal year.

Meanwhile, Pakistan’s Foreign Secretary Reaz Mohammad Khan told the team that Pakistan wanted to explore every opportunity to increase bilateral trade deals.

Emphasising the need for enhancing economic cooperation he said the people of both the countries enjoy a unique relationship based on shared history, culture and tradition.

He observed that there are prospects of expanding relationship in social, economic and cultural areas to benefit the people of both the countries.

Sources said the bilateral trade between Dhaka and Islamabad is above US$ 300 million and there is the potential of increasing it up to one billion dollars initially if an FTA is signed between the two countries.

According to KCCI research cell, Pakistan’s export to Bangladesh was US$ 268.55 million while import from Bangladesh was US$ 64.55 million during fiscal year 2005-2006.

http://nation.ittefaq.com/new/get.php?d=07/08/02/w/n_ztuu

 

[Tiki Tam Tam]

There was no more looking down on Bengalis than any other country.



The first table has Bangladeshi literacy higher than Pakistani literacy at 35%!! Now that is brainwashing of bonlabobo type proportions. In 2006, literacy was around 50-60% as quoted by independent organizations. Bharat's literacy was also higher.

Bengalis are in India and Bangladesh.

The 'any other country' would signify that you mean "India".

If you mean anyone in India looks down on Bengalis in India, you have a second guess coming. We are not the kowtowing, subservient lackeys and that is why the Bengalis in Bangladesh rose as one man when injustice was done and though Mujibur and Bengalis won the elections hands down, were not allowed to take their rightful place!

It would do you good to know that Bengalis never stand injustice and unfairness! We do our utmost to fight such rot.

To imagine a people who embraced Pakistan because of religion and ummah, discarding it and going their own way inspite of the concept of ummah! They sure must have real good reasons to do so.

The comparative table is from Bangaldesh. Given your volatile nature of everything of India is bad, I quoted from Bangaldesh. Now, say that they are also lousy, just because it does not suit your scheme of things!!

Look chum, if Bangaldesh does better than India, I would not decry that. Instead, I will use it as a benchmark to improve and if possible, do better!