Chinese Super Project

[我本皇汉]

Beijing Capital International Airport T3 Terminal

- The world's largest single building





The total investment: 25.0 billion

Project duration: 2004 - 2008

Olympic Games, one of the key projects the Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3 (T3), is the world's largest single building, is China's current investment in building the largest airport. The total investment 25.0 billion, after nearly four years to be completed on February 29, 2008, and March 26 put into operation in two phases.





Triple Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games project, Terminal 3, the overall construction area of about 100 million square meters, 2900 meters long, wide and 790 meters, building height of 45 meters. Prior to even be called the world's largest office building - the Pentagon than it down (the Pentagon's total construction area is 60.8 square meters), equivalent to 160 football pitches so much. However, such a huge project, it took less than four years on the construction is completed. Beijing Capital Airport Terminal 3, the size of the United Kingdom Heathrow Airport Terminal 5 twice, but in the planning and construction, only took half of the costs of Terminal 5, and less than 1 / 3 time. With China's rapid economic growth in the number of Chinese air passengers have been the mid-20th century, 80 millions of people grow to 185 million people now. By 2020, China 97% of the airports will rebuild.




"Europe's urbanization process took more than 200 years, China's only 20 years." - British architect, Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3, the designer Norman Foster •




Main Terminal building area on the 3rd of which 55 million square meters. Many of the facilities inside the building at the international leading position. New flight 99; a new one 3,800 meters long, 60 meters wide runway, when the world's largest aircraft Airbus A380 smooth landing. Designed to capacity, by 2015, Beijing Capital International Airport will achieve to meet the annual passenger throughput of 82 million person-times of goals, one-fold increase over existing capacity. GTC (Transportation Center): Transportation Center is located at Terminal 3, before the two-tier underground (parking lot), a total area of 300,000 m2, parking spaces 7000. Dongzhimen Traffic Center, on the ground for access to light rail transit station, construction area of 45000 m2, for the oval-shaped glass shell structure. Passenger traffic is very convenient. Baggage handling system adopts the most advanced automatic sorting and high-speed transmission system can handle per hour luggage 20000. Triple terminal block layout of the new terminal scheduled to put into use, the Beijing Capital International Airport will become the first Triple terminal block, two towers and three runways at the same time operating the airport, flights taking off and landing capacity from the present day, 1000 flights raised to 1700-1800 flights.




In the energy-saving, the terminal and parking is located at the top floor, skylights natural light, especially in the terminal towards nearly 300 skylights a good light, south-east during the day and significant reduction in lighting. Low-E coated glass curtain wall with insulating glass, not only guarantee the lighting, but also sound and thermal insulation; part of the sunroof will automatically open the ventilation, adjust heating and cooling buildings. Preliminary estimates, Triple Terminal alone could be saving each year about 160 million kWh.




Airport Singapore Airlines Station area will be used to monitor the operational status of radar to track aircraft, monitor, for each aircraft to Hong Kong, departing aircraft taxiing routes set up, and then a single signal-controlled taxiway lighting systems, automatic guided the safety of aircraft taxiing on the ground greatly enhanced the efficiency of airport operation

 

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Zhanjiang East Island: Baosteel 10 million-ton iron and steel base

Zhanjiang East Island: Baosteel 10 million-ton iron and steel base

- South China steel giant

The total investment: 69 billion yuan

Project duration :2008 - 2011

In June 2008, five-year plan of Guangdong "super iron and steel base" project has finally received the formal approval of the State Development and Reform Commission, agreed with Baosteel of Guangdong Zhanjiang steel base project to carry out preliminary work, environmental assessment, construction land and sea use plans and other preparatory work for has been in full swing. The Project is located in Zhanjiang East Island, the construction scale of 9.2 million tons of iron, steel 10 million tons, plans to invest 69 billion yuan is expected to put into operation by the end of 2011, called "mega-class" steel mill. Zhanjiang Steel project final planning capacity is 2000 million tons, are probably the largest single steel plant in the planning.




The first phase of 10 million tons of steel production, industrial output will reach 1000 million, the added value can reach over 200 billion. It can be expected that the supporting industries, driven by the ratio of about 1.5-5 times, in other words, it will be 5000 billion GDP. While in 2007 89 billion yuan in accordance with the calculation of GDP, which would be 7 Zhanjiang.





Island East, a total area of 492 square kilometers, of which the main island of 401 square kilometers area of the East Island, is China's largest economic development zone, China's fifth largest island in Guangdong's largest island. Dragon Wei Law northeast to 6.5 km coastline, with world-class deep-water port could be built conditions, water depth 26-44 m, channel is only 200-300 meters away from the shore, are also navigable for more than two pairs of 300 thousand tons of cargo and 500,000 ton oil tankers.




East Island to be built up to 1.5 Yidundagang annual throughput of deep-water shoreline, navigation from Australia, South America, Brazil, closer to the source of raw materials such as iron and steel. In addition, the eastern islands of the superior natural conditions, in this construction of large-scale ore terminal, without reclamation and deepening of the channel; on the island is flat, they basically are in their natural state, without a large-scale relocation of residents, will greatly reduce the construction costs.




In 1985, Guangdong to build 10 million-ton iron and steel base for planning introduced to determine the Shenzhen Yantian, Huizhou Daya Bay, Guangzhou Nansha, Zhuhai and Zhanjiang Gaolan Kong Island East, 5 place for alternative, after land resources due to other reasons, Shenzhen and Zhuhai to withdraw. In 1992, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Provincial Government final site selection and the East Island. Was planned as a total investment of 4.5 billion, annual output of 1,000 million tons. However, as the state iron and steel production capacity of the macro-control projects have been shelved until a few years later, the project was put on the agenda again. In the meantime, Guangxi Fangchenggang has also joined the fight on the 10 million-ton steel project. As a south to north Bay, south-west border with Vietnam, with four national first-class port city of Guangxi focus on the development, Fangchenggang equally determined to win the state of the item showing. Which cities have access to iron and steel projects, it is iron and steel base in South China. This is for local development, has a symbolic significance can not be replaced.




Investment amounting to 60 billion yuan, planning production capacity will reach 20 million tons of steel base settled, the pairs of Zhanjiang, its not only the direct growing strength of its industrial economy driven by the upstream and downstream industries, and will establish the economic landscape of Zhanjiang in Guangdong position. As iron and steel projects upstream and downstream industry chain base to Zhanjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone, East Island New Area-based "port petrochemical industrial base," has officially started. Including the current three million tons under construction, heavy traffic asphalt project, 200 Wanfang repository project, 60 million tonnes of lubricants project, 45 tons of paraxylene project and the 4 × 30 kilowatt thermal electric power generation projects with a total investment of 214 billion.




A total investment of more than 300 billion Huaneng Zhanjiang East Island 6 million kilowatts coal-fired power plant projects and a total investment of more than 400 billion yuan Shaoguan Iron & Steel 10 million-ton iron and steel base of coastal projects settled intention to choose the East Island test area.

 

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Shanghai Lingang New City




The total project investment: 150 billion


Project duration: 2000 Year -2,020

Blowing sand area of 133 square kilometers are land reclamation at a cost of more than 40 billion, far exceeding the size of Dubai, United Arab Emirates "world island" land reclamation project, the equivalent of filling out the eight Macao area.




Lingang New City is located in East China Sea, Shanghai, Yangtze River Estuary and Hangzhou Bay, south-east junction of the front of the territory of Shanghai, 50 kilometers away from Shanghai downtown, the North and Tai river, west suburban ring road A30 - A20-Outer Ring Road Nanhui Fengxian the district boundaries, east and south Riverside coastal planning area of 296.5 square kilometers. (Equivalent to 3 / 1 Hong Kong or Macao's 20 area) Harbor Town with a unique geographical advantage and strategic position to become Shanghai's future development of the most powerful boosters. East China Sea Bridge and the Yangshan deep-water port Metro Alliance as a whole, Shanghai Lu high-speed, urban rail, suburban ring, A20, 2 Port Road, Pudong Railway and other cities rapid transit network to be Lingang New City and Shanghai is only right close between the various districts and counties away. Lingang New City is the future an important auxiliary downtown Shanghai City, Shanghai's economic development strategy of the focus eastward where the big stage and stamina.




Harbor Park, divided into the main urban and industrial areas (including the main industrial areas, heavy equipment, industrial zone, logistics park and integrated area). The main city is 5.6 square kilometers of water dripping from lake as the center city's comprehensive life of service area, planning area of about 100 square kilometers, including urban construction area of about 50 square kilometers, the lake dotted with three islands (star hotel business work Island, entertainment and leisure theme park island, marina, sports activities of the island), along the lake in order to ring in the form of radially outward expansion of the formation of urban life ring, city parks and urban residential landscape ring ring of life, living population of 800,000 people. Industrial Zone is the main function of industrial development blocks, an area of about 200 square kilometers, including urban construction area of about 120 square kilometers, the population of nearly 50 million people. Industrial area is the main part of modern equipment manufacturing and modern equipment industry, export processing and high-tech industry as the core, where heavy equipment industry zone and logistics park is building an international container hub port, an important foundation, is a warehousing, transportation, processing, trade, bonded, port industry, distribution, value-added and international trade capabilities in one platform for international trade.




Invest tens of billions of domestic "Big aircraft" project has been settled in Shanghai established a base of heavy equipment Lingang New City




Drip Lake




Lingang New City a total planned area of 296.5 square kilometers, of which reclaimed the land area by 45%. In the Lingang New Town development, a total of a need to reclaim 20 hectares, or 133.3 square kilometers, only the cost of reclamation cost as high as 40 billion yuan. It takes an average of 160,000 acre reclamation -20 million yuan. In addition to reclamation, Lingang New City will be excavated on the nation's largest man-made lake - Lake dripping. Dripping lake round in shape, diameter of 2.66 kilometers, with a total area of 5.56 square kilometers, with an average depth of 3.7 meters, its water area and the West Lake, Hangzhou quite. Dripping lake by Hainan Longwan Port Group, made a 15-month excavation, a total of more than 1780 million cubic meters of excavation, which is equivalent to the volume of earth 15 Shanghai Jinmao Tower.




Lingang New City east East China Sea, South and Putuo Mountain, Shengsi the size of Yangshan across the sea, convenient traffic, 27 km from the Pudong International Airport, 75 km from the city center from the Yangshan deep-water port 32 kilometers away from the East China Sea Bridge 5 km. According to the plan, by 2020, Shanghai Lingang New City will become the south-east region with the greatest concentration of power and the development of dynamic medium-sized coastal city, and only relying on Shanghai Yangshan deep-water port became a huge logistics base in Yangtze River Delta of radiation. Expected, when the population size will reach 800,000.

 

[我本皇汉]

Shanghai Yangshan Deep Water Port

- To create the world's largest port


The total investment: 50 billion yuan

Project duration: 2002 - 2020

Yangshan Deepwater Port Area is located in Hangzhou Bay, the mouth of the Yangtze River Estuary Shengsi rugged Archipelago of Zhejiang Province, from large and small Yangshan in dozens of islands, is China's first building in the island port. Yangshan Deepwater Port Area is located in Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, Shengsi County, rugged archipelago sea area, the island group to the ocean from the mountain and the small Yangshan mainly composed of 96 reefs, 15 meters water depth with a natural harbor conditions.





Northwest away from the Yangshan Port in Nanhui Luchaogang about 32 kilometers south to Ningbo Beilun Port is about 90 km east off the coast by the huangze inter-oceanic waterway through from the international routes, only 45 nautical miles from Shanghai is the nearest deep-water harbor. By 2020, Yangshan deep-water container berths arranged over 50, designed annual handling capacity of 15 million standard containers (TEU) above; through the bridge with the Shanghai transportation network connection, give full play to Shanghai vast economic hinterland, box source sufficient advantage. Project is divided into Yangshan deep-water areas, the East China Sea Bridge and the harbor three main Metro project. Project was started in April 2002, to 2005 completed the first phase of the project, in which a quay length of 1600 meters, there are deep-water berths 5. Can anchor the fifth and sixth generation container ships or 8,000 TEU Packing standard ships, port water area of 3.167 million square meters, the harbor with an area of 1.5965 million square meters land. Harbor channel length of 67 kilometers, design water depth of 15.9 meters.




Since the 20th century, 90 years, Shanghai's container throughput continued to grow rapidly. However, due to lack of channel depth, deep-water shoreline lack of resources, as well as a big shortfall of container port throughput capacity and other issues. In recent years, neighboring countries and regions are stepping up the construction of Container Terminal 15 meters water depth, the international competition for the situation in case the source of the increasingly fierce competition. To enhance the international competitiveness of Shanghai, we must open up new port site, while the construction of Yangshan Port is a large container terminals with a good depth of unique environment. According to the plan design, the Yangshan deep-water port area will adopt the single-channel form, sub-four-building, all completed by 2020. The total investment budget of more than 500 million years after completion of the container throughput reached 15 million TEUs, out highest in the world Dagang.




Visit the Yangshan deep-water channel must pass through the East China Sea Bridge: East China Sea Bridge, off the coast of China's first cross-sea bridge, began in Luchaogang Nanhui District of Shanghai, and finally the rugged archipelago Shengsi County, Zhejiang Province town of sub-mountain, length of 32 km, Bridge width 31.5 meters, 6-lane design, speed 80 km / hr. Deep-water port of Shanghai international shipping center is an integral part of the project, two large-span bridges miter at sea, four prestressed concrete girder bridge, a large number of non-navigable spans and links between the two islands in a sea wall. Highway Bridge across the board according to the standard design, design for the 100-year base period, the investment is estimated at 13.07 billion yuan. Traveling in the East China Sea Bridge, flying in the sky like a gull between the advance toward the ocean depths.




The world's largest deep-water port island

 

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Changxing Shipbuilding Base

Changxing Shipbuilding Base

- To create the world's largest shipbuilding base in

The total investment: 35 billion

Project duration: 2003 - 2015

Changxing Island is located 5 km north-east of the Yangtze River, Shanghai Office, adjacent to Chongming Island. According to the Yangtze River the point of the East China Sea, with a total area of 80 square kilometers, with 59 kilometers perennial non-silting, non-product, ice-free deep-water shoreline is a treasure ship.




November 18, 2003, the world's largest shipbuilding base in Changxing Shipbuilding Base --- advance works started. Changxing Island is located in Changxing Shipbuilding Base on the southeastern end of the planning area of 10 square kilometers, the first phase covers an area of 5.6 square kilometers. In early 2008, originally located in the Huangpu River, has a 143-year-old Jiangnan Shipyard will move to Changxing shipbuilding base in the whole area of 1145 acres of the Jiangnan Shipyard, the site will be the venue of the 2010 World Expo.




Jiangnan Changxing Shipbuilding Base Phase 4.5 km long coastline, the hinterland of about 1.1 kilometers deep, a total of three production lines, 1,2 people, goods, line production line, 3 lines of military production line. Will establish four large docks. One of them dock 520 meters long, 76 meters wide, on the 2nd dock 510 meters long, 106 meters wide. Dock No. 3 in particular, up to 580 meters wide and 120 meters, covering an area roughly equivalent to 10 standard football pitch size, four large dock has been a "Big Mac." Very large dock with a tie and a half tandem manufacturing method, greatly increased the dock utilization.




Each production line was "U"-shaped layout to ensure that port from the material feed to the cutting processing, sub-manufacturing, painting, assembly, equipped with dock and finally to the outfitting pier, followed by moving forward, not turning back. Dock No. 1 for the construction of 30 million dwt VLCC above, the annual production capacity of 4; 2 docks for the production of 175,000 tons of bulk cargo ships, the annual production capacity of 12. Line 2 also has two docks, No. 3 shipyard for the construction of a large 7000 TEU container ships, the annual production capacity of 10; 4 dock for the construction of large-scale liquefied natural gas vessels, the entire base for a total of seven units equipped with more than 600 tons gantry crane, 9 outfitting piers and two materials, a total quay length nearly 3 km, water depth 12-16 m, with a total investment of about 16.0 billion. Now able to build such a high-end products is also one of the few shipyards. Plans to 2015, the shipbuilding capacity 8 million tons. Shanghai shipbuilding capacity from the current 400 million tons to 1200 million tons. The future, LNG vessels, 30 ton oil tankers, container ships and so on more than 8,000 boxes will be born here.




It is worth mentioning is that the right products for civilian use in the Jiangnan Shipyard, the planning of four docks, but also give full consideration to the capacity to produce alternatives to the construction of Dock No. 2 --- Aphra-type cruise; 3 can produce a large offshore platform dock , such as offshore oil drilling platform; 4, the construction of mega-cruise ship dock can be. Will be to build a new base covers an area of 1,000 square meters of oily waste water treatment plant, its processing capacity will reach 30 tonnes per day, waste emulsion designed to handle 3 tons per hour. In the noise and vibration control, will be a large air compressor station noise absorbing structure of the room set up, install the muffler for the future "green ship" basis.




September 26, 2006, Changxing Shipbuilding Base on the 3rd District, officially started the opening line of shipbuilding. Line 3 covers an area of nearly 100 million square meters, close to 3,000 industrial workers, have been awarded more than 10 chemical tanker vessels of the manufacturing business. Line 3 into production, marking the shipbuilding bases in the master-hing, has achieved substantial results.





May 18, 2007 morning, in the Changxing base was held on the 1st line of 297,000 tons VLCC starts Lighting Ceremony, China Shipbuilding Shanghai Jiangnan Changxing Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. for the first time the construction of the 297,000 tons VLCC, total length of 330 meters, 60 meters wide type, 29.7 meters deep, by Chinese and CSSC Qi ○ Ba Suo self-development and design, economy, environmental protection and safety reached the international advanced level, into the ABS, and CCS Class double. It was the first one with independent intellectual property rights VLCC, Shanghai shipbuilding industry is the largest tonnage of oil tankers ever built. It started the construction, marking the Changxing base for the initial conditions on the 1st line has been a continuous shipbuilding capacity.




May 22, 2007, the Jiangnan Changxing Shipbuilding Base in the first system of vessels - built for the Norwegian STENERSEN's 16.4 thousand tons of refined oil / chemical tanker was launched in San Haoxian success. 210 meters long, 30 meters wide, 4.5 meters high the great lift pontoon boats hold up the ship, slowly moved into the artificial harbor. Go through drainage, caissons and other multi-channel operation, the new ship finally firmly rely on the outfitting pier. This is the base for the introduction of new technology launched the first ship. The vessel used in floating boxes into the water technology, Jiangnan Shipbuilding (Group) Company for the first time for the million-ton ship construction. The successful launching of the ship, which means Jiangnan Changxing base in the main task of shipbuilding production is being shifted from the factory.




At present, the Jiangnan Changxing Shipbuilding Base shipbuilding orders have been awarded more than 100 vessels totaling more than 1400 million dwt, are internally self-development and design of advanced hull form, the contract delivery schedules row until 2011. From the River to the sea, from land to the island, meaning that Shanghai's shipbuilding industry to sail out to sea. As the world shipbuilding center of gravity shifting to Asia, in the Yangtze River estuary in Shanghai is even more emerged in a unique advantage.

 

[我本皇汉]

Wuhan CBD Planning Wangjiadun

- To promote the rise of central region





The total investment: 1,000 billion yuan

Project duration: 2002 - 2020




The abbreviation of the Central Business District CBD, is a city or a regional financial, trade, consulting, exhibition and business service facilities concentrated area. Wuhan CBD, is located in the city's most bustling commercial center --- Wangjiadun Hankow area, covers an area of 7.41 square kilometers.

Runway converted into CBD

[Transfer from Jagged Community http://bbs.tiexue.net/]



In February 1999, the State Council officially approved the relocation of the Central Military Commission Wangjiadun airport Wangjiadun Airport is located in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China with two military and civilian airport, the construction in time, and in 2007 to stop using the military airport, the airport moved to Hankou , while the civilian passenger functions replaced by the Wuhan Tianhe International Airport. The airport passenger traffic in 1999 as 1,608,319 passengers, ranking China's first 19. Due to urban construction needs, Wangjiadun the airport relocation, will be built in-situ Wangjiadun business district.










Downtown core of this piece of land now has been a matter of great concern. Choose to build here, Wuhan CBD, both historical factors, there are practical considerations. Wuhan City Planning Institute experts: the mid-80s of last century, Wuhan is a well-known manufacturing base; the late 80s early 90s, Wuhan proposed traffic circulation "two pass break" and start focusing on the development of tertiary industry; 2000 years, due to lack of economic downturn, the manufacturing industry in Wuhan, a revitalization of the manufacturing sector. The new question then arises --- Wuhan in business, logistics, leading the development of the manufacturing necessary to finance, insurance, consulting, legal, accounting, lack of modern service industries.







Look at the reality: In 2000, the central region's gross domestic product, accounting for 20.36%; in 2003, accounting for 19.61%, down 0.7%; in 2002, the total GDP of Wuhan, Qingdao and Ningbo, the first time exceeded. Central 6 provinces in 1978 gross domestic product, equivalent to 43% of the eastern region, but by 2003 only the equivalent of 33%. To this end, in 2006 the country "two sessions", the state proposed the "Rise of Central China" strategy, and preliminary identification, the central region should step up the modernization of agriculture, to enhance integrated transport system and energy, important raw materials base construction; accelerate the development of manufacturing and high-tech Technology Industry; the development of large circulation. The realization of the strategic vision is inseparable from Wuhan. Wuhan is not only rare in the national railway, highway, air, water, transport hub cities, but also in the central region famous big market, manufacturing and high-tech industries, a strong city.










The Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta development process of view, the core of the city's role in gathering and radiation is indispensable. As an international economic, financial, trade and shipping center in Shanghai for the Yangtze River Delta provides a powerful capital, talent, technology, services impetus for the rapid development of the regional economy.




All these point to one fact: Wuhan, must develop their own high-end services.










Wangjiadun airport site, the airport runway will be converted into CBD














Wuhan, a city with 3,500 years of history, however, CBD is a brand-new thing, Wuhan CBD building, destined to less smooth. 1999 plan, the municipal government in 2001 by Executive Council in 2003, included in the "Government Work Report", 2004 Wangjiadun CBD formally approved the overall plan. Few years, has experienced repeatedly in the discussion and demonstration.







The beginning, many people do not understand that the CBD is just to do finance and trade, "that Wuhan has ah"; objected, stating that, Wuhan Economic conditions are not ripe and should not be built; supporters have different views, to be built should be built In the riverside, to reflect the characteristics of Wuhan Binhu Riverside. The municipal government in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and invited expert panel discussion. Among them, China Academy of Urban Planning and Design is responsible for the "Wuhan Wangjiadun comprehensive service function of regional planning advice," answered the CBD of Wuhan could carry this issue.







Report said that construction of CBD must have two major conditions: one, the host city is the undisputed center of area cities; 2, city per capita GDP to reach 5000-10000 U.S. dollars. Look at the first criterion. Wuhan in central China is the undisputed center of city, location ranked the competitiveness of the national comprehensive strength of the national 4,2000 year ranked No. 6. The State Council approved the master plan in the city clearly pointed out, Wuhan is the rare set of railways, highways, waterways, air, postal, telecommunications, transportation and communication in one of the major hub of the nation a few large regional cities.







Look at the second standard. Court experts in regulation in September 2003 report that in 2001, Wuhan, per capita GDP of 2180 U.S. dollars is expected in 2012 to reach 5,000 U.S. dollars level. 1990, 1993, Shanghai and Beijing CBD program started, its per capita GDP were only 720 U.S. dollars and 1,000 U.S. dollars.







Wuhan is no need to wait any longer! CBD as an advantage of the limited resources, the major cities are in fierce competition. At present, more than 10 cities across the country prepare to build or have been planned CBD. Such as Zhengzhou, by the national transportation hub and benefit from the introduction of strong momentum of the CBD program; neighboring provinces of Hunan Changzhutan is promoting an integrated strategy; the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in Chongqing municipality, after upgrading, is developing rapidly.













Airport aerial Wangjiadun





Market-oriented operation










With the Beijing Chaoyang Business District and the Shanghai Lujiazui financial district, compared Wangjiadun Wuhan, central business district late start, but it is China's first operation of a market-oriented central business district, unlike the previous government-led model. After years of exploration, Wuhan municipal government put forward the "starting point, high standard, high-grade, high-efficiency" development and construction of CBD, a "government guidance and market operation" mechanism.




February 8, 2002, by the Wuhan municipal government approval, China Asia Standard Holdings Co., Ltd., Wuhan Hankou Airport moving Development Co., Ltd., Beijing Zhongguancun Development and Construction Co., Ltd., Guangcai Construction Group Co., Ltd., Stone Giant Light High-tech Development (Holding) Co., Ltd. 5 domestic large-scale enterprise group co-sponsored the establishment of "Wuhan's Central Business District Wangjiadun Construction Investment Co., Ltd.", responsible for areas Wangjiadun investment in infrastructure construction and investment projects of Wuhan CBD, investment, planning, development and operations. Wuhan CBD formal entry into the international practice, market-oriented operational phases.




Market-oriented operations to enable the construction of Wuhan CBD process, including project identification, planning preparation, the scale of investment choices, management of the arrangements, are whether it is economically viable, the market can accommodate, whether they have investment value as a basis for the operation.







To predict the next 5 to 10 years, how much of Wuhan CBD market capacity, business district, the company has invited the world famous McKinsey, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Jones Lang LaSalle for consulting planning firm, CBD of Wuhan and the economic value of doing a comprehensive analysis and planning.




Results of the analysis to the Wuhan confidence: the development Wangjiadun region can attract investment 100 billion yuan.





A unique mode of operation, determine the development and construction of Wuhan CBD in the country rarely benefit from the experience. Therefore, some people said: construction of Wuhan CBD, is an innovative process.




Through "commissioned by the owners," Planning of Wuhan CBD from a strategic positioning study, overall program design, innovative use of international collection way, a blueprint for McKinsey, the United States SOM, Germany, Obermeyer, Australia DESIGNINC & ANS, United Kingdom Atkins Deng Jun involved in the design --- Wuhan CBD, known as pooling the wisdom of the world's central business district.










Wangjiadun runway waste concrete demolished the area will reach approximately 376,000 m2, the average thickness of concrete runway 0.6m, the airport runway will result in removal of waste concrete is about 225,000 m3, weighing more than 540 thousand tons. If you will do a lot of waste concrete as a construction waste emissions, on the one hand the high cost of shipping and handling charges except garbage, but also occupy a lot of land for storing; while piling up in the process of removal and transportation, and Yisa and dust, gray sand flying, etc. problem will result in environmental pollution in cities. 2005 Business District of Wuhan Engineering Headquarters Wangjiadun proposed airport runway for recycling waste concrete will be salvaged and turned into cement, bricks, re-shop in the business district on the road.










In accordance with the company's "market-oriented, international, standardized" business philosophy, established for the global Investment strategy for the CBD building to find high-quality investors and partners.







From the September 2003 start business district for three consecutive years the company with the government delegation to visit Hong Kong to participate in "E-Hong Kong Economic Cooperation Fair", as well as provincial and municipal governments to go to Europe and the United States and other places of business opportunities.







Wuhan CBD with its high-end positioning in the world, attracted participants from Hong Kong, Macau customers, internal business customers, as well as large-scale private enterprises in three different levels of investors and developers attention.







Well-known companies such as Sinopec, China Vanke, China Resources, Huayuan, gold, the Lujiazui Group, etc.; Hong Kong and Taiwan businessmen, such as Cheung Kong Holdings, Hutchison Whampoa, the New World, Taiwan Vikings Group, Asia Cement, etc.; International Investment persons, including France's Total, Accor Hotel Group, Germany, Siemens, Philips of the Netherlands, Malaysia and Japan.







We have formed such a consensus: Wuhan CBD is not only a revenue-investment projects, but also to promote the development of a strong central power.


































The world-renowned CBD







● New York, Manhattan, the world's highest concentration of employment areas. As a catalyst for development in New York City in 1979, there were 277 Japanese companies, 213 British firms, 175 French companies, 80 companies and many other countries, Swiss companies set up branches here. Of its turnover in residential and commercial buildings, accounting for the U.S. housing market, 40% of the turnover of such space.




● Lundun Jia Donnelly covers an area of 0.4 square kilometers, was long and narrow shape, more than 60% of the office space leased by financial services companies, 95% of its function as a business.







● La Defense, Europe's largest new office is Europe's largest bus transfer center, RER high-speed subway, Subway Line 1, 14 highway, subway No. 2 at this intersection, beautiful environment and sound facilities to attract about 200 million visitors a year come here especially.








● Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan "bank war" in miniature. To Shinjuku Station as the center, within a radius of 7,000 meters, gathered more than 160 banks. Finance and insurance, real estate, retail and wholesale trade, services, into its major sectors. As a transportation hub in Tokyo, a total of nine subway lines after this, more than 3 million passengers crowded with pedestrians.







● Shanghai Lujiazui finance and trade named after the only China's development zones. Planned land 1.7 square kilometers, construction area is about 400 million square meters, the main development finance, trade, commerce, real estate, information and consultation, the tertiary industry. The enjoyment of the special finance, trade policies, such as into the area may be the first foreign banks to conduct RMB business and so on.







● eastern Beijing's Chaoyang District, Beijing, the center is about 3.99 square kilometers. Nearly 100 of the world, "500 strong enterprises" settled here and in the surrounding area. White-collar employment within the region of about 7 million people, the number of senior human resources needs of 25 million people.













Wuhan Overview







Wuhan is the capital of Hubei Province, the city's area of 8467 square kilometers, a population of about 9.7 million people, is the largest city in central China, mainland China, one of seven cities. The world's third largest river Yangtze River and its tributaries, urban areas across the Han River, Wuhan, one will be divided into three, forming a Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang three Dingli town Across the river pattern in this Tang dynasty poet Li Bai wrote "Yellow Crane Tower in the blowing Yudi, Jiangcheng May down plum "Therefore, since ancient times, Wuhan, also known as" River City. "




Wuhan, a city dating back 3500 years ago Panlongcheng. This is the Yangtze River valley unearthed the most ancient cities, are scholars believe that the Yangtze River and Yellow River civilization, civilization fusion breakthrough. 3500 years, due to water transport developed, rich resources, there has always been fought over by the military center and then develop as a regional political and trading center in Wuhan and therefore has to integrate multi-cultural strengths and qualities.




There, Wuhan Wuchang, Hanyang, Hankou three towns, and its development history, scale and speed of different features. Wuchang, in the name of the three countries began in the late Eastern Han Dynasty the beginning of Sun Quan and Liu Bei seized in order to Jingzhou, in AD 221 the capital from the Construction and Materials (now Nanjing) moved to Hubei counties, and renamed "Wuchang" take "to force the country and Chang "The meaning of the name of Wuchang is this Ezhou interchangeable.




Hanyang one of the origins and the Han River is closely related to the old saying that "Water the north-yang, Shannan for Yang" in ancient times the north of Hanyang in the Han River and Turtle Mountain to the south, and also because many places have sunshine, also known as Yang, Gu Ming Hanyang. AD 606, that is, the great cause of two Sui and replaced Hanjin County Hanyang County, Hanyang name since the beginning. Tang Dynasty, the county government moved to Hanyang city before developed rapidly. Wuchang and Hanyang fortification began in the same period, about 1,800 years old.




Historically, Hankou, Hanyang quite a long period of time is synchronized development. Chenghua ten years until the Ming Dynasty (AD 1474) Han River diversions (diversion of the Han River in history, no fewer than eight times) from the northern foot into the river after Kameyama, Hankow only independent development, only 500 years of history. Hanyang, Hankou very early walled and were treated as a county government lies.




The beginning of 1927, Wuhan, Wuchang and Hankou National Government (presiding over Hanyang county) as the capital of the merger between the two cities, and named Wuhan. Today, from Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang a combination of the three towns, "Wuhan", which is only 81 years of history.




Wuhan has always been known as the "thoroughfare of nine provinces," the land, is China's biggest inland water and land and air transportation hub. It is from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Xi'an and other Chinese cities are about 1,000 kilometers, is China's economic geography of the "heart", with east and west, north and south of communication, to maintain the role of the Quartet. Created a unique location advantage of the unique advantages of the traffic. The Beijing-Guangzhou, Beijing-Kowloon, Wu Kau, Handan, Shanghai-Wuhan-Chengdu five railway lines, as well as the Beijing-Zhuhai, Lu Rong, etc. State Highway 6 in this intersection, Wuhan, China is becoming one of the four major rail transportation hub.




Wuhan is China's important base of science and education, science and education comprehensive strength ranks the top five big cities. It consists of Wuhan University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology of the 69 regular specialist colleges, one million college students. Adult college students in school nearly 12 million people. 106 various types of scientific research institutions, national laboratories 1, the state's major scientific and technological infrastructure 1, 13 national key laboratories, in the Han Chinese Academy of Sciences and Academy of Engineering, 47, in optical communications, bio-engineering, laser, micro-electronics technology and new materials, etc. The technological development capacity in the leading position in the country.

 

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"SG" program




- Inertial confinement fusion laser driver unit




The total project investment: --

Project duration: 1980 - 2030

"SG" high-energy laser system, spherical vacuum target chamber and optical equipment.













"Laser" is "LASER" in translation. LASER originally Light amplification by stimulated emissi on ofradiation take a combination of specialized prefix term in our country have been translated as "les", "optical pumping" and "A light amplifier by stimulated emission of radiation" and so on. In 1964, Academician Qian proposed the name "laser" reflects not only the "stimulated emission" of the scientific connotation, but also that it is a very strong new light source, appropriate, expressive yet simple, get our scientific community The consensus still in use today.










The world's first laser came in June 1960, China's first laser was in September 1961. From 1961, China announced the successful development of the first laser so far, China has formed a complete range, level advanced and widely used in the field of laser science and technology, and industrialization has made encouraging progress, it can be said, at the preliminary stage of the rapid development of laser technology in China , both the quantity and quality are all close to the international level at that time, an innovative technology to catch up so quickly advanced in the world, in the history of the development of China's modern science and technology are rare. These achievements, in particular, was able to envisage the physical, technical program smoothly into the actual laser devices, mainly effective in our country over the years in technology, optics, precision machinery and electronics technologies accumulated comprehensive ability and a solid foundation.











Shanghai Optics and Fine Mechanics

The early development of laser technology in China




In 1957, Wang Daheng, etc. set up in Changchun, China's first of the Professional Institute of Optics - Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Instruments machinery (the "Changchun Institute of Optics"). In the older generation of experts, led by a group of young scientists are growing rapidly, Deng Ming is one of the prominent representatives. As early as 1958, the U.S. physicist Arthur Schawlow, Townes well-known papers on laser principles Soon after, he will actively promote this new technology to carry out research, in the short term embodies the innovative spirit of the young research team, made significant increases in light source brightness, color units, coherence of ideas and experiments. In 1960 came the world's first laser. The summer of 1961, under the auspices of the Wang-Jiang, China successfully developed the first ruby laser. After a few years, the rapid development of laser technology, resulting in a number of advances. Various types of solid, gas, semiconductor, and chemical lasers were successively developed. In basic research and key technologies, a series of new concepts, new methods and new technologies (such as the cavity Q-switch mirror tone mutations and Q, traveling wave amplification, Re-use of the Department of ions, free electron oscillations of radiation, etc.) have put forward and get implementation, many of which have originality.




At the same time, as a high brightness, high directivity, high-quality features such as excellent new light source, the laser quickly used in various technical fields, and demonstrate its strong vitality and competitiveness. Telecommunications, in September 1964 with the laser show to television images, in November 1964 to achieve 3 to 30 kilometers calls. Industry, in May 1965 Laser Drilling Machine successfully used in drawing die punching production, access to significant economic benefits. Medicine, in June 1965 of retinal laser welding device for animal and clinical trials. Defense, in December 1965 the successful development of diffuse reflectance laser range finder (accuracy of 10 m / 10 km), in April 1966 developed a remote control pulse laser Doppler velocimetry.







China's various types of lasers, "first" 




The first solid-ruby laser in September 1961 King of the River, etc.

The first He-Ne laser in July 1963 Deng Ximing, etc.

The first neodymium-doped glass laser in June 1963 GAN Fu-xi, etc.

The first GaAs homojunction semiconductor laser in December 1963 Wang Shouwu and so on

The first pulsed Ar + laser in October 1964 Chong-Yi Wan, etc.

The first CO2 molecular laser September 1965 Wang Runwen, etc.

First CH3I chemical laser in March 1966 Deng Ximing, etc.

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The first YAG laser in July 1966 such as Qu Qian-Hua







The development of laser technology




China laser technology from the very beginning has been the country's attention. In 1964, the CAS Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (the "Shanghai-ray machines") was established. Launch in 1964, the State, "6403" high-energy neodymium glass laser system, built with engineering-scale large-diameter (120 mm) oscillation - amplification laser system, the maximum output of 32 million joules of energy; to improve the beam quality up to 30000 joules after. The successful experiments carried out target practice, indoor 10 meters at the breakdown 80 mm aluminum target, outdoor 2 km from the breakdown of 0.2 mm aluminum rake, and a systematic study of strong laser radiation, biological effects and material damage mechanism. Finally, technically is fundamental to determine the thermal effect of technical barriers to dismount in 1976. This project makes our level of scientific research on the laser technology to a higher level.










China Nuclear Science and founder - Wang Ganchang Academy of Sciences, and China, the founder of applied optics - Academician Wang Daheng

High-power laser and fusion research




1964, Wang Ganchang independently of laser fusion initiative project in 1965, began to study. After years of hard work, and built a 10 billion-watt output power nanosecond laser device, and in May 1973 for the first time at low temperature solid deuterium target, at room temperature lithium deuteride and deuterium polyethylene targets on the hit neutrons. In 1974, successfully developed China's first multiple-sheet amplifier, the laser output power increased by 10-fold increase in neutron yield an order of magnitude. In the international community to the principles of cardiac compression after decryption, and actively track and in 1976 developed into a six-beam laser system for inflatable glass target radiation received nearly a hundred times the body compression. This series of major breakthroughs have led to laser fusion research in China into the world advanced level, but also for the future sustainable development of the long-term basis. China's laser science and technology, although it suffered a "Cultural Revolution" decade-long calamity, but the help of the support of key projects, still struggling to survive and has made valuable progress.

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After the reform and opening up, China's laser technology was an unprecedented opportunity for development. In May 1980, respectively in Shanghai, Beijing and held its first International Laser Conference, 218 delegates (outside 66), Comrade Deng Xiaoping cordially met with representatives of Chinese and foreign participants. In 1983 in Guangzhou and Xiamen in 1986 and held a second, third international conference on laser technology has changed over the years in our country closed operation situation, the start into the world. Has set up a number of national key labs, open labs, national engineering research centers and production and research organizations. In a number of national strategic science and technology program, laser technology, attention. "863" program has seven areas of laser technology and optoelectronics technologies (including laser used in the field of information technology), in 1995 they added the "inertial confinement fusion" theme. National Defense Pre-research photonics technology officially approved as a cross-sector projects, including laser technology. State "65" and "75" research programs, laser technology has been listed as major project.










Inertial Confinement Fusion Laser Driver







Mankind's energy from the fundamentally from the fusion reaction that took place in the sun on the "light fusion." Humanity has achieved on earth is not controlled thermonuclear reaction, namely hydrogen bomb explosion. To obtain the inexhaustible new source of energy, we must make this reaction carried out continuously under controlled conditions. To achieve controlled nuclear fusion, there are two ways, first, the scientists carried out with the tokamak "magnetic confinement fusion" research. Another technical line in the 20th century and early 60's "laser inertial confinement fusion."










Inertial Confinement Fusion (Inertial Confined FusionICF) The basic principle is: the use of a powerful pulsed laser beam deuterium, tritium fuel on the micro-pellet, resulting in an instant high heat and great pressure, the highly compressed dense plasma body before it has spread, arising out jet recoil inward-Poly heart will pellet material and compressed to high density and high temperature required for thermonuclear burn, and maintain a certain amount of confinement time to complete all the nuclear fusion reaction, releasing large quantities The fusion energy. Fusion reaction, however, the required conditions are extremely harsh. First of all to have 100 million degrees of heat; Secondly, the density of particles involved in reaction to a high enough and can maintain a certain reaction time, that is, 'nτ' value to achieve a 100 trillion (seconds / cm 3), and this is the famous Lawson criterion. The laboratory has a number of countries in this type of laser device made a lot of basic research work. The United States, France and has started to build a giant laser on a larger scale, hoping to achieve laser thermonuclear "Ignition."










China from the last century, 60 years began to inertial confinement fusion research, Wang Ganchang, Wang Daheng under the guidance of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics from the 80's start joint research, Shanghai, and Changchun-ray-ray machines are cooperative unit. The early sixties, our laser fusion research has just started, when the image of Academician Qian pointed out: Your cause is man-made earth a little sun! ICF study, the key device is a high-power lasers.










SG-I, the main amplification system





SG - Ⅰ




In 1964, China's leading nuclear physicist Academician Wang Ganchang independently put forward the idea of laser fusion, and recommended specific proposals. In line with this initiative, the Professional Institute of China's first laser - Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics start a high-power laser diode driver Development and application of, and in 1971 received deuterium - deuterium collisions of neutron .1978, China Academy of Engineering Physics and the Chinese Academy of Sciences to work together, ICF research entered a new stage of development. Over the past twenty years, working on the development and application of neodymium glass laser diode driver - "SG" series of devices has made remarkable progress in promoting China's inertial confinement fusion experiments and theoretical studies, and in the international market place.










In 1977, Shanghai-ray machines used by a 100 billion-watt six-beam laser systems, for inflatable glass target irradiation was nearly a hundred times the body compression. To laser fusion research in China has entered a level-principle demonstrated centripetal implosion important stage of development, for future sustainable development of the long-term basis. In 1980, Wang Ganchang proposed the construction of 1 trillion-watt pulse-power solid-state laser devices of the proposed experimental device called the laser-12 (SG-I). Laser 12 experimental device is built on the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics for a large high-power laser experimental device, located in Jiading District of Shanghai, No. 390 Qinghe Road, inside-ray machine in 1983, designed by the Shanghai-ray machine, with a total construction area of 4612 square meters, 4-layer reinforced concrete frame structure, with a total height of 15 meters. The device outputs two beams of a diameter of 200mm the strong beam, each beam of laser peak power of up to 1 trillion watts, a 1ns pulse width and 100ps are two types of infrared light with a wavelength of 1.053μm, 0.53μm can be frequency doubling to the green . Laboratory physics experiment with a target chamber, and a full set of diagnostic measuring equipment, to work on the laser heating and compression phenomena of plasma physics and laser spectroscopy X and other basic research.










In July 1985, the laser device 12 was completed and put into trial operation on schedule. Trials successfully carried out three rounds of laser-shooting test, obtained valuable results, achieved the desired outcomes. The device is China's largest high-power neodymium glass laser facility in the international arena is also one of the few large-scale Laser Engineering. It consists of laser systems, shooting range systems, diagnostic systems and laboratory measurement system, composed of environmental engineering. Laser output power of up to 1 trillion watts total order of magnitude, while the laser duration was only a billionth of a second to百亿分之一. Lens can be focused to 50 nm in size, which can produce 10 Wanyi Yi W / cm 2 power density. This beam will be focused on the material surface, can generate tens of millions of degrees hot, and the resulting backlash in the powerful blast and the pressure. The device's high-precision shooting range system that can adapt to the order of 0.1 mm micro-sphere target, a black hole target, step-target, all kinds of X-ray target a variety of experimental needs of the target type, and with a single beam, dual-beam and two-way and laser beams shooting functions for laser fusion research and other kinds of new energy physics research was an important experimental tool for. In June 1987 through the state-level identification.










It's built for the conduct of the world's cutting-edge field of laser physics experiment provided a favorable means of the cutting-edge scientific research and the national economy are of great significance. The summer of 1986, General Zhang Aiping, 12 Experimental setup for laser personally wrote an inscription "SG." As a result, the device officially named SG - Ⅰ. In 1989, the SG-I have been 5 million direct-drive neutron yield, indirect-driven neutron yield was 10000, shock wave pressure up to 0.8TPa, was near-diffraction-limit Ne-like Ge X-ray laser gain saturation. In 1990, the SG-I won the State Science and Technology Progress Award first prize.










Spherical target chamber vacuum

SG - Ⅱ




In 1993, the national "863" plan establishes the inertial confinement fusion theme, to further promote the state inertial confinement fusion research and high-power laser technology. In 1994, the SG - Ⅰ retired. SG - Ⅰ 8 years of continuous operation, the laser inertial confinement fusion and X-ray lasers, and other frontier made a number of world-class physical results. May 18, 1994, SG-Ⅱ installation project, engineering the official launch of a smaller scale than SG - Ⅰ device to expand four-fold.

SG Ⅱ devices made using high-performance components, independently to solve a series of scientific and technological problems, reached the international most advanced high-power solid-state laser standards, and achieve a new leap forward in this field in China. The system consists of laser systems, firing range systems, energy systems, automated optical alignment systems, laser measurement system as well as environmental, quality, security, and other system components, integration of hundreds of sets of various types of laser units or components, in the space row into the 8-channel laser amplification chain, technical parameters and the world's most advanced devices running the United States OMEGA quite. In 2000, the SG-Ⅱ-frequency power device 8 embankment to reach 8 trillion watts, began trial operation targeting. Since 2000, direct-drive was 4 billion neutron yield, indirect-driven neutron yield was 100 million, direct-drive shock pressure up to 1.5TPa, indirectly driven shock pressure up to 3.7TPa. In August 2001, SG-Ⅱ device built with a total output energy of 6 kJ / ns, or 8 trillion watts / 100 picoseconds, the overall performance reached the international advanced level of similar devices.










"Shenguang Ⅱ" of hundreds of optical devices integrated in a football field-sized space. SG Ⅱ can keep pace with launches 8-beam laser, the optical path about 150 meters one level to enlarge: each laser beam diameter from 5 mm expanded to nearly 240 mm, output energy from a few dozen to 750 micro-Joule J / beam. When the intense laser beam through space eight row three-dimensional fabric gathered in the amplification chain, a tiny fuel target ball in the billionth of a second could be launched within a very short moment out of the global grid is equivalent to several times the sum of the power of electricity power , thereby releasing the extreme pressure and high temperature, irradiating the glass is full of hot fuel gas spherical shell, the rapid compression of fuel gas, making it an instant to achieve high density and temperature, giving rise to thermonuclear fusion. SG Ⅱ has been achieved "all-optical automatic quasi-value positioning", the experiment can be corrected in time due to vibration and temperature changes caused by micro-instrument bias, so that the output laser for precise focus after passing through a small hole about 0.3 mm, is only a little thicker than a human hair a little.










To judge the performance of ultra-short ultra-intense laser system, there are two important technical indicators: first, the time scale, the second is the output power. In April 2004, SG-Ⅱ installations mark the success of a breakthrough 100 trillion watts, the output peak power reached 120 trillion / 36 femtoseconds. At present, only a few developed countries, a well-known experimental titanium sapphire laser device output power more than 100 trillion watts. This means that SG Ⅱ in 1000 per trillion within 36 seconds of the ultra-short moment, burst out of the global grid-based electricity is equivalent to several times the total power of power. Such extreme physical conditions, in nature only in the nuclear test center, the stars and the universe inside the edge of a black hole can exist. Shanghai-ray Optics Laboratory of the light scientific and technical personnel repeatedly refresh the two indicators, in less than 10 square meters of optical platforms, time and time again to create a "faster and stronger" miracle. April 13, 2006, SG-Ⅱ device Xin Tian's first nine-beam laser output energy to break the record, increased by 5.8-fold higher than the previous, the first nine-beam diameter, from each of the former 8-way beam 190 millimeters to 310 millimeters, Single Output up to 5100 joules of energy from the fusion of "spark" the extra mile.










SG Ⅱ main amplification system





As of 2006, SG-Ⅱ device has been accumulated to provide target practice to run more than 3,000 fat times. Carried out in inertial confinement fusion, X-ray lasers, and other study was conducted some 30 physics experiments, is very important to obtain meaningful results. In which direct-drive laser inertial confinement target practice, access to single 4 billion neutrons, is an international neutron yield similar devices have been the best level. Physics experiment carried out in our country has made a significant contribution to ICF research indicates that China has laser inertial confinement experiments have really jumped in a short wave length, high-power laser-shooting a new stage in enhancing the overall national strength of great significance.










Whether foreign or domestic, a giant laser driver is a reflection of the overall national strength, it can represent a country's scientific and technological level in this area. Its research and development of related science and technology have an important leading role. SG Ⅱ device for not only for the construction of the next generation of laser devices will provide a very valuable experience in science and technology, but also promoted China's Materials Science (laser glass, laser crystals, nonlinear crystals), precision optical processing and testing (λ / 10 high flatness and low roughness, large-diameter optical components, grinding technology, large-diameter diamond-cutting lathe Flying KDP crystal technology), dielectric film and chemical coating technology, high-quality large-diameter xenon lamp technology, precision machinery and assembly and calibration processes and high-voltage energy systems, fast electronics, control electronics, binary optics technology, and other relevant disciplines or technology leaps and bounds. These related disciplines in the application prospect of the national economy will be considerable.










Chinese-made 450mm × 500mm × 1000mm large KDP crystals, large-caliber potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal is the only laser-confinement fusion can be used in Pockels device boxes and SHG crystal materials, but the KDP crystal itself is soft, easy to deliquescence, brittle high sensitivity to temperature changes, easy to crack a series of unfavorable characteristics of optical processing, optical component manufacturers in the ICF is recognized as the most difficult aspects.




SG - Ⅲ




In 1995, the laser inertial confinement fusion in the "863 Program" in the project, China's researchers started to develop a giant laser drives the next century - "SG - Ⅲ" device, scheme-level build hundreds of thousands of joules of laser devices. February 4, 2007, Zhong Wuyuan SG-Ⅲ laser equipment laboratory project started at a grand ceremony. The project is located in Mianyang, China Academy of Engineering Physics, the construction area of 28154m2, layout: a rectangular layout, building length 178m, the total width 75m, building structure is very complicated. Planning, "SG - Ⅲ" device is a giant laser system, the world's largest NOVA than the current device bigger than doubled. The original plan it has 60 strong beam-beam, UV laser energy of 60KJ, quality and precision to reach the international advanced level twenty-first century, and now the program may have been further changes to improve the energy scale. Inertial confinement fusion ignition Engineering (2020) has been identified as a "national scientific and technological development and long-term planning" is one of the 16 major projects.













At present, the SG - Ⅲ prototype device "15" building targets have been successfully completed to achieve "8-beam out of light pulses - 10000 J" level, indicates that China has joined the United States and France after the world's first three systems to master a new generation of of high-power laser driver technology, the whole country, making China the world after the United States has the second independent study to build a new generation of high-power laser diode driver capabilities.










SG-Ⅲ device is a turn of the century history of our country's most ambitious optical field of science projects related to science and technology is bound to bring about climbing the world level, China's comprehensive national strength in science and technology symbolic expression, their role and as important as the year the "two bombs." This is a challenge and an opportunity, in the Wang Ganchang, Wang Daheng, Yu Min and the older generation, led by scientists, has struggled for 30 years, attained impressive results, but this is only a prelude to the tireless efforts of several generations. According to the plan, China will also be developed around 2010, "SG IV" nuclear fusion ignition.










In November 2008 the evening of 16, China Central Television network news exposure of the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics of laser-driven inertial confinement fusion device prototypes.








































Growth of KDP crystals










SG processed Φ380mm finished chips

Memorabilia of China's laser fusion







In 1964, Wang Ganchang proposed laser fusion research initiatives.

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In 1965, the Shanghai-ray machines began to use high-power neodymium glass laser produces laser fusion research.

In May 1973, the Shanghai-ray machines are built to reach two million megawatt-class power, high-power neodymium glass laser system traveling wave amplification.

In 1974, the Shanghai-ray machines by the successful development of nanosecond 100,000 megawatt-level 6-channel high-power neodymium glass laser system, laser output power increased by 10 times.

In 1980, Wang Ganchang proposed the construction of 1 trillion-watt pulse-power solid-state laser devices of the proposed experimental device called the laser 12.

June 27, 1987, SG-I passed the national appraisal.

In 1994, the SG-I retired, SG-I continuous operation for 8 years.


May 18, 1994, SG-Ⅱ installation project, project officially started.

In August 2001, SG-Ⅱ installation completed, the overall performance reached the international advanced level of similar devices.




February 4, 2007, Zhong Wuyuan SG-Ⅲ laser equipment laboratory project foundation-stone laying ceremony was held.
















In June 1999, NIF install the 10-meter diameter target chamber, this spherical vacuum vessel from 18 four-inch thick aluminum fabrication assembly, weighing over 130 tonnes.

 

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Silk Road Recovery Program

- China will invest 10 billion U.S. dollars for this project
Investment Amount: 43 billion U.S. dollars

Project duration: 2008 - 2014










February 19, 2008, from Russia, Iran, Turkey, China, 19 countries, including transport ministers and senior officials in Geneva, Switzerland, signed a letter of intent, decided to invest in the next few years, 43 billion U.S. dollars, to activate the ancient Silk Road and the a number of other ancient Eurasia channel. According to reports, this program by the 230 projects, is expected to largely completed by 2014, which is along the region to promote the exchange and economic development will play a big role. Eurasia channels such as the ancient Silk Road to improve road, rail, ports, customs, and other hardware and software into the conditions under which the Silk Road 2,000 years ago to reproduce the glory.




This will create a "modern Silk Road" length of more than 7000 kilometers, is a large regional concept, 192 billion dollars in investment is mainly the construction of roads and railways, building lines are not entirely consistent with the ancient Silk Road route to the construction of , but the size of the road formed by a series. These countries wish to develop six corridors, including those from China to Europe, Russia to South Asia and the Middle East construction of rail and road system, etc., in Europe, these corridors will be south of Turkey, north Russia, the authorities have been invited to Russia's participation in construction plan.




"Silk Road" Although most located along the inland transportation and backward. But the vastness of the region, oil, natural gas, minerals, agricultural products are very rich in natural resources, large population, only six members of Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Eurasian continent account for an area of 3 / 5, the world's population of 1 / 4, is a rather special regions, eastern and western countries since ancient times as a place of strategic importance. In the global natural resources, particularly the lack of energy more and more today, Asian and European countries to revival of this "economic context" joint construction of this road, not only can enhance the Eurasian country's economic and cultural exchanges and development, but also to promote world stability and unity.




"Silk Road" is China's move toward Central Asia, West Asia, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, the best shortcuts. From northwest to Europe, take the "Silk Road" than to go by sea to save half the time and half of the costs from Lianyungang to Rotterdam, take the "Silk Road" is shorter than that by sea, more than 9000 kilometers, the time to save more than a month, freight savings of about 1 / 4. Meanwhile, the construction of a modern Silk Road, in addition to good-neighborliness and mutually beneficial trade and economic factors, but also help to replace the Malacca Strait, China's oil import routes directly from Central Asia to China, to reduce the over-reliance on the Malacca Strait status quo.




ESCAP head of the transport sector巴里凯布尔said, "the resurrection of the system and regeneration of the Silk Road" will be in Central Asia, Eastern Europe and other countries to provide opportunities, but also allows no access to the sea and the hinterland of Eurasia arid regions to share the benefits of globalization. At present, the land areas along the ancient Silk Road transport and economic development could not cope, in some areas have even been adopted by camels and other traditional tools for transport logistics and transport bottlenecks to be broken.




Turkey has benefited most




Reported that 430 billion dollars, half in place, mainly from government funding and the World Bank and other financial institutions. Turkey is the main beneficiaries of this program will receive the largest share of nearly 11.5 billion U.S. dollars investment in Iran and Bulgaria also have 8.4 billion and 55 billion investment accounted for. In China, will invest billions of dollars to improve the railways and other transport facilities.




Economic and Social Council of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) in the transport sector head Eva Molnar said that 230 projects are long-term planning, and some may not be feasible at present, but with the increasing development of trade routes, all projects are have a good potential viability.




Economic complementarity




The economic and trade between China and Central Asia are highly complementary.




China, China's economic development and structural upgrading, some large-scale enterprises to invest overseas desire to strengthen, PetroChina, Sinopec and other large state-owned enterprises have begun to build some large-scale cooperation projects. The rich resources of Central Asia on China's economic development is also crucial. Particularly with Russia to develop oil fields project was rejected by its Ministry of Natural Resources, the Central Asian countries highlight the importance of even more.




Most natural resource rich Central Asian countries have yet to be developed, so in the international political and economic structure occupies a special position. For example, rich deposits of oil and natural gas resources in the Caspian Sea region, will be the 21st century, the prospects for the world's most energy development areas. It is predicted that after 2010, Kazakhstan's capacity to export annually 100 million tons of crude oil and 100 billion cubic meters of natural gas has become the world's sixth largest oil exporter. Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, the annual natural gas exports are expected to reach 100 billion respectively, and 200 billion cubic meters.




Only enter the international market, the resources of Central Asia, will it be possible to become a real asset. Thus, Turkmenistan in Central Asia to become the first to propose the "Kuwait", other countries have subsequently played "resource" card, to the resources of major economic partners to sell products, and quickly attracted worldwide attention and an influx of capital. Central Asian countries have also actively promote the trade channels and export lines of "diversification", change from passive to active and strive to increase with the carrier, the importing country bargaining chips.




Since 1996, the "Shanghai Cooperation Organization" Since the establishment of four Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) with China in political, military, economy, education, transportation, energy, environmental protection and other aspects of the full range of co-operation. As we all know, economic factors are the main link in today's international relations, one of mutually beneficial economic and trade exchanges in the promotion of the development of friendly relations and safeguarding peace and stability in the region play a very important role. Xinjiang and the Central Asian country's economic structure has a strong dependence, complementarity and mutual benefit, particularly for the energy industry, in line with the interests of both a vast reservoir of potential for cooperation.




For the Central Asian countries, China is an ideal partner. First, from a geographic environment, Central Asia, is located inland from the sea are the most recent 1,700 km or more, which makes these Central Asian countries in the development of international trade there is a natural deficiencies. Central Asian countries have recently been to the sea channel is through Afghanistan, Pakistan, and then into the Indian Ocean, but because these two countries political instability, making this access to the sea basically do not have any economic significance.




And through China's Xinjiang, Gansu, and then by way of Lianyungang is a major sea route to Central Asian countries, such as Uzbekistan and South Korea's Daewoo Corporation's joint venture project is in Lianyungang loading and unloading of goods. In addition, China's capital and technology, as well as some daily necessities of life for the Central Asian countries is also indispensable.




The establishment of a free trade zone in Central Asia is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, trade and economic cooperation in the region's ultimate goal, is currently being planned with the Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture in Almaty, Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Free Trade Zone, is not the sense of a free trade zone, from the Essentially, only enhance the form of a cross-border trade.

 

[我本皇汉]

131 top-secret project - Xianning Cheng tunnel underground headquarters

131 top-secret project - Xianning Cheng tunnel underground headquarters -------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------


The total investment: 1.3 billion will deadline: 1969 - 1971




Zhenbao Island 60s of the last century after the war, the Soviet Union in the Sino-Soviet border line Bing 1 million on China's eyeing. In 1968, the Sino-Soviet border tensions, the war was clouded people's mind, the state prepared to meet the challenge, Chairman Mao: "The deep-burrowing, store grain and never seek hegemony." At this special time is put forward. War of aggression against China's top authorities decided to build one in the central hinterland of anti-nuclear war underground headquarters, in order to prepare an urgent need. As the unified management of military Lin Biao was made: "If the North was lost, we must build an impregnable in the south of the underground headquarters."










As a top priority at that time, Lin Biao this vast project of his confidants to love will, when the Central Political Bureau and member of People's Liberation Army Chief of Staff Huang Yongsheng, he will place top-secret project in his hometown of election Xianning City, County, Cheng water Gaoqiao Town, Huang Yongsheng's home here with only one mountain away. Surrounded by verdant mountains and forests here, the location hidden, even if the low-altitude reconnaissance aircraft is also hard to find, is indeed a good place for the construction of military facilities. January 31, 1969 underground military project starts, because that day is January 31, 1969, so project code-named "131", the whole project secrecy and legend.










"131" project (including the underground engineering and building facilities on the ground) was scheduled to Investment 3 billion, if current prices, equivalent to billions of dollars, by the People's Liberation Army Corps of Engineers construction projects, throughout the construction period, the outside world, including the local people on the matter eras, transporting goods vehicles are not transfer the functioning of the substitutions, while the construction of a 4560 square meters of underground works, dug up the stones, clods shipped to where, so far unknown. According to the original design, "131" project there is an airport, railway, highway and other ancillary works. After the Lin Biao Cuandangduoquan in 71 years due to be stopped, "131" underground construction has not yet fully completed it hastily, and actually completed up to 130 million yuan investment is still huge.










In order to meet the needs of reform and opening up, the CPC Hubei Provincial Party Committee General Office in 1981, a decision will be "131" project handed over to Xianning area management, investment to convert the additional tourism hospitality projects, since renamed "Xianning Cheng water tunnel hotels." 60 high-grade guest rooms (sets), the standard 150 beds, large conference rooms 5. Because of convenient transportation, quiet, open since it has received, and Hong Kong and Taiwan Chinese and foreign tourists more than 30 million. Day and night to visit a cave-like, we must open the lights, which is the national tourist attractions in a must, it has become a well-known in Xianning, tourist attractions and resorts. From the tourism point of view, then a high degree of confidentiality in order to reduce the military colors, and gave it played a "Cheng tunnel," the elegant name of Shaoshan in Hunan's "Di Shui Dong," complement each other.




























Project Overview











131 works of the main building from the ground 56 acres of courtyards and underground length of 456 meters of the tunnel facilities pose. All works were divided into A, B, C and three regions. Ground ground floor will accommodate some of the central leadership and the Central Military Commission official, bedroom, war rooms, guard rooms, equipped with advanced communications, ventilation, moisture-proof, bullet-proof, anti-shock and other facilities. It is located in Gaoqiao Town Xianning City, Hubei Province, 80 km north of Wuhan, Yueyang, Hunan, south to 150 km away from the seat to Hot Springs Xianning only 17 kilometers, close to the Beijing-Guangzhou line and the 107 national highway, Xianning gaoqiaozhen. Route 107 State Road, Wang Zhen to Takahashi direction. Young farm village, in the gaoqiaozhen and Wang Zhen at the junction there is a dedicated highway, direct access to there.










Top-secret projects on the ground built villas of Mao Zedong and Lin Biao, did not see signs of top-secret project "131" project is surrounded by mountains, south of an asphalt road leading to mountains outside. Here the walls around four weeks, some places still pulling barbed wire. Hospital towering trees, flourish mainly villas Chairman Mao Zedong and Lin Biao, as well as the original security forces dormitory and related amenities.










Chairman Mao Zedong's Villa as "one", the layout of scientific and fascinating. The spacious windows, square chandeliers, tall bookcase, luxurious wooden floors, even the wall of the heating cabinet is also set with a very fine wooden cover. Room layout is based on residence of Chairman Mao Zedong used to design specifically for the war on the ground clearance office of Chairman Mao. Room dance hall, study, conference rooms, gymnasium and other facilities readily available. The northeast corner of the room with the "131" underground works to crossing similarities, if there is the situation, ready to be transferred.










Under the underground works were divided into upper, middle three, and now open to visitors is the middle part of it. "131" mid-level underground works is the military commanders and civilian war service and staff residential area, typical size of more than 100 suites on both sides, the underground project import and export a total of eight, one with Chairman Mao Zedong, "a" villas linked together, The other was a trip into the main hole. The main hole to sit east west high at about 6 meters and a width of 5 meters. Hole with two weighing several tons, more than 50 centimeters thick lead door, is said to be used against missiles.










From the main hole of about 50 meters into the ground, with a large circular iron plate, about 6 meters in diameter. One need only wave their feet gently, iron plate will be rotated. This is the car entered the tunnel to transport materials used in post-reverse. Along the tunnel to move forward, there are two weighed several tons, about 30 cm thick lead door. Through this door, is a brilliantly illuminated, dazzling "underground world." As a whole "underground world" to the Central Operations Department, as a base, slightly "V"-type laid them out a total length of nearly 800 meters, a total of more than 130 housing units, an area of about 2,000 square meters. Each set of rooms vary in size and structure are not the same, mostly distributed in the authentic right of the corridor. Corridor on the ground by the color terrazzo paved, smooth, bright, reflected upside the head of the lamp, looked magnificent.










Underground works the middle, a set of marked "65" This kind of living room, is designed for Chairman Mao Zedong built. Chairman Mao's room paved with wooden floors, is said to be imported and after special treatment, although in the past 20 years, but none of deformation. In order to maintain interior dry walls of the room is also a mezzanine, and opened a window in the wall. The room door locks, handles, sash of the hinge and latch are made of brass, as long as gently wipe, still bright as new.










In Chairman Mao's bedroom, the bathroom, there is different display eye-catching, one bath; second mirror on the wall. Bath surface, white and very shiny, it is common bathtub than our larger third. Wall mirror is made of special materials, no matter how much room there is water vapor, fog mirror has no knot.




Chairman Mao's study, the right is the operational headquarters, the room is very spacious, huge military map hung on the wall of the box seat still. One can imagine, once the war broke out, Chairman Mao Zedong, will be here, strategizing commander of the armed forces, commanding war against aggression.







Lin's villa is located in the hillside opposite the house, under Chairman Mao, but also brick red tiles, but the overall structure and the room facilities, but can not be compared to Chairman Mao Zedong. If the surface, there is not the slightest trace of top-secret project, but rather a defense of the senior cadres by the nursing home or important scientific research institutions, according to Ms. hotel, due to the war did not happen, so Chairman Mao and Lin Biao had never been here, but added Huang Yongsheng come here visited. About Cidong story, I think there a lot.










Xianning Overview










Xianning City, Hubei Province is located in the southeast of the south bank of Yangtze River, at the junction of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces, is the main thoroughfare south to north, the "south gate of Hubei Province," said. East and Huangshi City Yangxin County border, south of Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province, Hunan Province, the Pingjiang the west, and the Linxiang City, Hunan Province, connected to the north and the Jingzhou City, Lake City, across the Yangtze River in Wuhan Jiangxia, Ezhou City, Daye City, adjacent to the. Land area of 9861 square kilometers. Jurisdiction Jiayu County, Tung County, Chongyang County, Tung Shan County, Chibi, Haman-four counties and one city district a district total of 11 townships, 51 towns, 6 offices, 1271 under the jurisdiction of village Committee, 11585 village groups. The end of 2006 the city's total population of 2.8175 million people.










Xianning city (prefecture-level city) administration build later, but within the county and city has a long history back to ancient times. Jing-Chu City, is the domain Xia and Shang, Qin is Nelson, the Han are Jiangxia County, is the late Eastern Han Dynasty Eastern Wu. Wu Hwang years (AD 223) set puqi County (now Chibi). Chibi Chibi-wen and Wu Chi Bi 2. Its Chinese Chibi Huanggang City in Hubei Province, Wu Chibi Chibi City, Hubei Province in Xianning. Red Cliff is a famous ancient battlefield, Han Jian thirteen years (208 years), Liu Bei and Sun Quan union, Cao Cao big break here, this is the history of the famous Battle of Red Cliff. Tang Daizong large calendar years (AD 768) set Yonganzhen, Southern Tang Bao Dai thirteen years (AD 955) was promoted to Wing County, Sung emperor Chen Tsung Jing four years (AD 1007) was brought in to avoid Wing-ling limb, Click "easy. Qian like" "10000 State Xianning" and "Wing" near the intended meaning, named Xianning County (now Haman area). Yuan, the Urban Domain is a Huguang province Wuchang Road; Ming and Qing dynasties, the case of Wuchang prefecture. Republican period, the first is a Jianghan Road, after the first Chief Inspector of an area in Hubei Province. After the founding of new China, has attached to the Daye area, Xiaogan area. In August 1965 Xianning area was established in 1975 and 1979, Wuchang, Hubei is Wuhan City County are designated, Huanggang district. In August 1983 to withdraw Xianning County, the establishment of Xianning City (county-level cities). 1998 12 menstrual State Council approval, revocation Xianning region, the establishment of prefecture-level Xianning City, at the same time to withdraw the original Xianning City (county-level city), the establishment of Haman area.











Xianning has a profound historical and cultural heritage, with drums as the representative of the Shang and Zhou bronze culture in order to Battle of Red Cliff as the representative of the Three Kingdoms culture in order to battle the Northern Expedition tingsiqiao represented by the revolutionary culture to Xiangyang Village Lake cultural figures represented celebrity culture, with its hot springs, Jiugongshan, land and lake water, as represented by the ecological culture in the province and the country all have wide-ranging implications.










Xianning major tourist attractions: Lu Shui-hu, Jiugongshan, Chibi Ancient Battlefield, Tai-Tung, the stars Zhuhai, Xianning hot springs, Xuan Su-dong, buried hills, Pseudopleuronectes Lake, banbishan, the Northern Expedition battle sites, Chibi LITHOGLYPHS, Li Yong Shishi, red Zhu Bei Lang, E Mountain stone pagodas, Li Zicheng tomb, phoenix child Um, Cloud Lake

 

[我本皇汉]

Wuhan Railway Station

- Towards the biggest inland railway hub











Project investment: 14 billion yuan

Project duration: 2006 - 2010

The new construction of Wuhan, Wuhan-Guangzhou passenger line station, station site is located near Lake Yang Qingshan District. The train station is the world's longest, fastest speed passenger line train station; it is China's first "bridge to build one" of the new structure the railway station; is China's first "seamless" transfer of the railway station, will achieve railway lines, underground railways, highways closely together, passengers can get off without a transfer station by bus, subway, car, etc.; is China's first large-scale construction and the lower part of the upper part of a bridge between the new structure together train Station. Therefore, in construction, with a station house architectural style novel, complex, construction difficult; bridge complex, construction difficult; projects large in scale, with 20 to the hair line, construction of 11 stations; engineering range, cross-project more construction interference large construction organization is difficult; Shimizu concrete construction high standard technical requirements strict control requirements of the settlement after high; construction of a number of features of high environmental protection requirements.





The total investment of more than 14 billion yuan in major projects, mainly including the Wuhan Railway Station, Station, Metro Line No. 4,5 subway station, and the supporting roads, environmental reform and other projects.




Among them, Wuhan stations with a total construction area of 355,000 square meters, invested more than 4 billion yuan. PDL-based, general-speed two yards, there are lines and into the hairline 20, site 11. According to the design in 2030, peak-hour passenger capacity of 9,300 people to send.

Wuhan Station as a whole, "the Millennium Crane to go home" style highlight the characteristics of Hubei, station master station house is full of shapes, such as a spiritual millennium Huang, implies the Millennium Crane owned, hub of nine provinces and central China. Station house is divided into the ground layer, site layer, an elevated level, highest point on the ground 58 meters, first floor for the railway bridge structure, the upper part of the large-span space steel structure of the terminal room. After the completion of the Wuhan station, will "wait-style" and "-through" a combination of a new passenger-stop mode. After the passengers off the train, you can not switch to the MTR station, and through the mouth along his wife's family, Alex shed, Hongshan Square, Wuchang Railway Station and other transfer node to achieve with other rail transit line interface.




Wuhan Railway Station building area is huge, huge energy consumption operations. The station uses solar panels to the roof as a local material, with plenty of sunlight during the day can generate electricity for the station lighting.




In May 2008, China State Wuhan, Wuhan-Guangzhou passenger line stops in the first film of 2000 tons a huge success simply supported box girder casting. Such a large tonnage of the box girder, the country is still rare.




Wuhan, Wuhan-Guangzhou Passenger Line station railway viaduct housing projects for large-span, large cross-section in-situ prestressed concrete structure, bridge, viaduct set the upper part of the railway station, the bridge consists of subway stations and bus stations. Deck the middle for two-track, on both sides of the site, site-one beam and girder at the bottom of Fish-bellied shape. The pouring of a simply supported box girder length 36 meters, width 15.5 meters, 4.98 meters high, box-girder weight more than 2000 tons, is a rare giant country simply supported box girder. Box girder load large cross-section the form of complex, plane loads are distributed unevenly, these have caused great difficulty in pouring concrete. In addition, the Wuhan station project, the appearance of simply supported box girder are requirements for fair-faced concrete finishes, Fish-bellied shape template is installed first and then to install the steel bars, which give construction organization, product protection have offered an unprecedented high demand.





In order to ensure a smooth pouring of concrete to complete, China State Wuhan station project on many occasions invited experts in the field of construction professor at the national railway to the site to simply supported box girder construction program guidance and verification, and organization of project staff to various places to visit and study, to learn the railway construction enterprises cases beam construction experience. In addition, the project commissioned by the Ministry of stent design, and other units, Wuhan University, finite element analysis and optimization, in the program with the Party, supervision with peer-reviewed will be held eight times, and before and after the concrete mix ratio was 80 with the work of several test .

It is understood that, like this huge weight beam, Wuhan station project poured a total of more than 100 films. The first film's success simply supported box girder casting marks station project construction in Wuhan, one of the two major difficulties in simply supported box girder casting work has been in full swing.




According to the Ministry of Railways on planning, China's railways will be built in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, four hub. Wuhan Station completed, it will highlight the biggest inland rail hub of Wuhan, Hubei, and the central region to promote economic development.

 

[我本皇汉]

China High-speed rail network

- 2007-2020 annual investment of at least 2 trillion!

High-speed railway network, is China's railway passenger and freight traffic to adapt to current and future needs of the development of the urgency of the formation of strategic significance to the stability of the rapid development of the national economy, providing a rare positive support and good role. China's social and economic contribution will be enormous.




Road network construction has entered a new phase. The State Council approved the "long-term railway network plan," railway construction launched a new climax. Ningxi line, Yu Huai-line and a number of major projects put into operation, Datong-Qinhuangdao Railway 200 million tons heavy supporting transformation of the completion of the Qinghai-Tibet railway line pass, Wuhan-Guangzhou, Zhengzhou-Xi'an, Shijiazhuang, Beijing-Tianjin passenger line and the city, and a group Inter-rail transit projects have started construction. Rationalize the layout of road network, road network quality improved. By the end of 2005 the national railway operating mileage of 75,000 kilometers, than "95" at the end growth of 9.9%. One double-track mileage of 25,000 kilometers of electrified mileage of 20,000 kilometers, respectively, than "95" at the end up by 19.4% and 35.6%.




Scientific and technological progress has taken firm steps. Mastered the speed of 160 km level of the transport equipment, lines, signals and operations management set of technologies, has basically mastered the speed of 200 km level line-line transformation of the existing building techniques and technologies, the introduction of foreign passenger sports car group and advanced technologies such as high-power locomotives , developed and put into large-scale use of the 25 tons of axle load coal trucks, the success of open-line of the Datong-Qinhuangdao line of 20,000 tons heavy trains, advanced information systems. Plateau Qinghai-Tibet Railway in permafrost and other building construction technology has been one of the world advanced level.




High-speed railway network, constitute the main are: high-quality steel rails, advanced power equipment, signal transmission, power transmission, quick command and dispatch management system, integrated service system, and so on.

Total investment in high-speed railway network: the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway project started a total investment of 200 billion, total investment in the national high-speed railway network at least 2 trln yuan.


2007-2012 major investment trunk network ,2012-2020 branch network of main investment. China's high-speed railway construction, will benefit some domestic enterprises more than ten years, the main beneficiaries are able to provide high-speed rail demand for iron and steel enterprises, including Baosteel, Wuhan Iron and Steel, Maanshan Iron & Steel, Panzhihua Steel and Vanadium and so on. In particular, Wuhan Iron and Steel in 2005, investment 3. 1.2 billion high-speed heavy rail project will be set up in China's high-speed railway network construction, benefit a lot.










Key tasks for railway development




Main objectives:




Construction of a new line of 17,000 kilometers, of which 7,000 km passenger line; and construction of the existing 8,000 km double-track lines; existing railway lines electrified 15,000 km. The national railway mileage in 2010 reached more than 90,000 kilometers, double-tracked, electric rate of 45% or more, fast passenger transport network to reach 20,000 km above the total size of the coal-channel total capacity to 18 million tons, the total size of the western road network 35,000 km, the formation of the container transport system covering the whole country. Basically realize modernization of technical equipment, transport of persistent security and stability, economic efficiency and make improvements. Railway reform has made remarkable achievements in investment diversification and made significant progress, initially established a socialist market economy and the development of new system of railway management.




Through the construction of passenger lines, the development of inter-city passenger rail transport and transformation of existing railway speed, initially to form a passenger line as the backbone, connecting the major cities of the country's rapid passenger transport network.




Construction of Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing, Zhengzhou ~ ~ ~ Guangzhou ~ Shenzhen, Wuhan, Harbin ~ Dalian, Tianjin ~ Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, ~ ~ Ningbo, Hangzhou, Shijiazhuang ~ Taiyuan, Jinan-Qingdao, Xuzhou, Zhengzhou ~ ~ ~ Baoji passenger line, Xi'an, Shanghai-Wuhan-Chengdu , Yong-Ha deep fast passenger access.





Construction of Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Bohai Rim Economic Circle, as well as other towns in densely inter-city rail transport. The main building of Beijing-Tianjin, Shanghai-Nanjing, Nanjing ~ Hangzhou, Nanjing, Wuhu ~ ~ Anqing, Guangzhou ~ Zhuhai, Jiujiang ~ Nanchang, Qingdao ~ ~ Weihai, Yantai, Chengdu, Mianyang ~ ~ Emei, Changchun Jilin, Nanning, Liuzhou ~ inter-city rail transportation system as well as the Shanghai-Hangzhou Maglev Train.




Combination of the existing line electrification, expansion, implementation of the existing trunk speed transformation, continue to expand speed network coverage to 13,000 km both the main routes to reach a top speed of 200 km bus.



















China's high-speed railway construction planning:







1, the Ministry plans to build a "four vertical and four horizontal" high-speed railway passenger transport network framework as follows:







1.1 "four vertical" Passenger Line

(1) Beijing - Shanghai: total length of about 1318 kilometers, cutting through the Jingjin Hu and Jilu Wansu four provinces and the Yangtze River Delta, Bohai Sea connecting the two major economic zones.

(2) Beijing - Wuhan - Guangzhou - Shenzhen: length of 2260 kilometers, connecting north, central and southern China.

(3) Beijing - Shenyang - Harbin (Dalian): total length of about 1,700 kilometers, connecting the northeast and customs within the region. Qinhuangdao - Shenyang, built in 2003.

(4) Hangzhou - Ningbo - Fuzhou - Shenzhen: total length of about 1,600 km, connecting the Yangtze River, Pearl River Delta and the southeast coastal areas.










1.2 "four horizontal" Passenger Line

(1) Xuzhou - Zhengzhou - Lanzhou: total length of about 1,400 km, connecting the northwest and east China.

(2) Hangzhou - Nanchang - Changsha: total length of about 880 kilometers, connecting central and eastern China.

(3) Qingdao - Shijiazhuang - Taiyuan: total length of about 770 kilometers, connecting north and east China.

(4) Nanjing - Wuhan - Chongqing - Chengdu (Cunningham-rong): total length of about 1,600 km, connecting the southwest and east China.










1.3 Several important sections of PDL

Since the Nanchang railway hub of the Pu extraction by Jiangxi's Fuzhou, Fujian, Putian, Shaxian to (Fuzhou), total length of about 560 km. This railway will constitute the central and western regions to the southeast coast of China's new, shorter distance access. Are Jiujiang, Nanchang, Hainan East Gate, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Nanjing and Anqing, into cotton-e, Changchun, Jilin passenger rail line.










1.4 Regional Inter-city rail transport

The Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Bohai Rim inter-city rail traffic, covering major cities and towns within the region.


(1) Yangtze River Delta: the Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou as the center to form a "Z"-shaped main frame, connecting major towns and cities surrounding Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou intercity rail passenger transport network.

(2) Pearl River Delta: The Guangzhou-Shenzhen, Guangzhou-Zhuhai; two passenger line as the spindle, the formation of "A"-shaped wire net, radiation, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai 9 cities to build, including cities, including Hong Kong and Macao 1h Economic Circle. Guangzhou-Shenzhen Passenger Line length of about 105km; Guangzhou-Zhuhai intercity rail transit with Jiangmen branch is about 143km.

(3), the Bohai Sea: the Beijing and Tianjin as the center of Beijing - Tianjin for the spindle to form a path of external radiation. Beijing-Tianjin inter-city rail transport is about 115km.










2 Speed Rail Line Planning

Since 1997, China's railway consecutive five large-scale speed, and achieved remarkable results. April 18, 2007 will be implemented in the sixth large-scale speed, extend the length of the line ≮ 160km per hour could reach nearly ten thousand kilometers, the Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou, Beijing-Kowloon and part of the section of the Longhai Railway, Beijing-Harbin, Jinan-Qingdao, Zhejiang Gan, Wu Kau, such as Guangzhou and Shenzhen to extend a length of about 6000km of lines will achieve 200km to 250 km per hour to run objectives.










In the railway passenger line network and speed rail line plan, in line with the new high speed train ≮ 250km, converted train maximum operating speed of ≮ 200km. A collection of railways, namely, the formation of high-speed rail network planning.











Implementation of the "long-term railway network plan," more than two years, due to wide public attention and support the building of the railway passenger line fast, orderly and efficient manner, in the new rail passenger line ≮ 250km per hour more than 3,000 km, the proposed railway passenger transport line mileage will exceed goal of the planning stage, it is economic and social development needs and market demand.










3, completion and construction of high-speed passenger line










There are currently built QINSHEN










Has been under construction projects (16): Beijing-Tianjin inter-city, Wuhan-Guangzhou, Zhengzhou-Xi'an, Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan, Hopewell Wu, co-Ning, Yong-Tai-Wen, Wen-Fu, Fuzhou-Xiamen, Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong, Guangzhou-Zhuhai, long Kyrgyzstan, 9 Chang, Harbin, Jinan-Qingdao, Hainan East Central.










Beijing-Tianjin inter-city passenger line: connecting Beijing and Tianjin, the two municipalities a total length of 116.55 kilometers, the line starting from the Beijing South Railway Station, and finally to the Tianjin Railway Station. Speed of 300 km.










Wuhan-Guangzhou passenger line: length of 995 kilometers, 98 billion yuan in project investment, construction period of four and a half, completed by the end of 2010.

[Transfer from Jagged Community http://bbs.tiexue.net/]









Zhengzhou-Xi'an Passenger Dedicated Line: It is our long-term Railway Network Plan "four vertical and four horizontal" an important part of the passenger line is also the largest investment of China's railroad history, one of the items. Zhengzhou Passenger Dedicated Line starting at Zhengzhou Railway Station hub via Luoyang, Sanmenxia, Weinan, Xi'an Ring from the north through the Xi'an High-speed rail hub, extending westward along the south side of Xianyang City to Kohei. The project total investment of about 36.95 billion yuan, with a total duration of 42 months, completed in 2008.










Dan Wu Passenger Line: Self-Shijiazhuang Station leads through Xingtai, Handan, Anyang, Xinxiang, Zhengzhou, Xuchang, Luohe, Zhumadian, Xinyang, over Tianxingzhou rail-cum-Bridge and finish at a new railway station in Wuhan, and is under construction docking of the Wuhan-Guangzhou passenger line, the line length of 838 kilometers. The lower part of the train line speed 350 km / hour, on-line part of the 250 km / hr.










Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan Dedicated Passenger Line: East from Shijiazhuang North Station via Luquan City, Jingxing, Yuxian, Yangqu County, Taiyuan stop destination for the total length of 190.280 kilometers, estimates a total investment of 16.04 billion yuan. Started in June 2005, completed by the end of 2008.










All Wu Passenger Line: Hefei to Wuhan. The design speed of 200 kilometers to 250 kilometers per hour set aside. Engineering requirements June 30, 2008 completion.










Hefei-Nanjing passenger line: Hefei to Nanjing. Length of 166 kilometers, the design speed of 200 km, 250 km per hour the conditions set aside a total investment of more than 40 billion yuan, Shanghai-Wuhan-Chengdu fast-track an integral part of national planning is the "four vertical and four horizontal" fast rail passenger transport network in an important line.










Yongtaiwen passenger line: starting at Ningbo, Taizhou to Wenzhou by the total length of 282.42 kilometers, 14 stations set up across the board, with a total investment of about 16.3 billion with total planned duration of 4 years.











Triunfo passenger line: length of 320.97 km, is located at the junction of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces south of Zhejiang and Fujian coastal areas. North of Wenzhou South Station via Ruian City, Zhejiang, Pingyang, Cangnan County, Fujian Fuding, Xiapu County, Fuan City, Jiaocheng Qu, Luoyuan County, Lianjiang County, south of Fuzhou station. Targeted Speed 200 km / hour, set aside 250 km / h speed conditions. Project four and a half years to complete, was opened to traffic in 2009. The estimated total investment of 18.027 billion yuan.










Fuxia passenger line: total length 273 kilometers, north of Fuzhou, after Fuqing, Putian, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, arrived in Xiamen, a total investment of 14.42 billion yuan, is a national class Ⅰ dual electrified railway lines. Across the board by the end of June 2009 is expected to be completed by the end of 2009 began to open to traffic operations.










Guangzhou-Shenzhen Passenger Line: from the new Guangzhou Station, via Dongguan, Shenzhen, Humen to the new station (Longhua), total length 105 km, and reserve position extending southward to Hong Kong, and the location of access reserved Humen Station in Huizhou direction. Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail train speed of 350 km per hour. From Guangzhou to Hong Kong, about 180 km, journey time is about 1 hour.










Guangzhou-Zhuhai intercity lines: the north from the new Guangzhou Railway Station, south to Zhuhai Gongbei, through Guangzhou City Panyu District, Foshan City Shunde District, Zhongshan City, the main line set up 14 stations. Extension from Zhongshan City Xiaolan Town, Jiangmen City Xinhui District, to, through Zhongshan, Jiangmen City, off the coast, regional set up four stations. Line total length of 141 kilometers, with a total investment of about 18.2 billion, with a total duration of 4 years.










Chang-Ji Passenger Dedicated Line: Changchun to Jilin inter-city rail projects for the Ministry of Railways and Jilin Province, a joint venture construction projects. Design speed of over 300 km / h consider the full range of 100 kilometers with a total investment of about 70 billion, which will enable the completion of the railway to the Jilin Changchun, the fastest time to half an hour or so.










9 Chang Passenger Dedicated Line: This project is a national key construction projects, from the Ministry of Railways and the construction of a joint venture Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee. The railway line from the Lushan Station (inclusive) the introduction of means of Jiujiang County, De'an, Komsomolsk, Yongxiu County, new county, the north and the Beijing-Kowloon line in Nanchang integration, after the introduction of Nanchang, the Beijing-Kowloon line, across the board in accordance with the standard Passenger Line for construction of building, construction of the Central Railway 20 Bureau Group.











Harbin-Dalian passenger line: length of 904 kilometers, the maximum speed of up to 300 km. Harbin, north, south through Changchun, Siping, Tieling, Shenyang, Liaoyang, Anshan, Yingkou, reaching as far as Dalian. A preliminary estimate of the total investment amount of 98 billion yuan. In October 2007 began plans to open to traffic in 2012.




Jiaoji Passenger Line: East from the leading city of Qingdao, Shandong Peninsula, west to the capital of Shandong Province, Jinan, full range of total length of 362.5 kilometers, design speed of 200-250 kilometers per hour.










Hainan East Central Passenger Line: Line from both the sea to stand up in turn from north to south through the Haikou City, Wenchang City, Qionghai, Wanning City, Lingshui County, south to Sanya Sanya City in the established stations, are line length of 308.11 kilometers.

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High-speed Guangdong: Ten trillion five-year investment project




"Eleventh Five-Year" period, Guangdong "Top Ten Project" will arrange for the construction of major projects 233, estimating a total investment of about 1.5 trillion yuan, of which the 5-year period will invest more than 11 thousand Yi Yuan.



Yesterday, the "Guangdong Province Economic and Social Development 10th Five-Year Plan (Draft)" has submitted to the Tenth Provincial People's Congress 21st meeting. The Standing Committee of Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, Deputy Governor Zhong Yangsheng made a presentation on preparation of the draft outline of the report. "Draft Outline" said, "Eleventh Five-Year" period key construction in Guangdong's "Top Ten Project" includes:




Comprehensive Transportation Engineering 63, including the newly launched Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, to the Zhangzhou Meizhou, Shaoguan to Ganzhou expressway, rail transport and port channel, the Chaozhou-Shantou airport projects;




Energy security projects, 23 items, including new start Yangjiang, Taishan and Lufeng nuclear power plants, etc.; 23 water conservancy construction project, focusing on the building of the North River Levee Consolidation, the PRD five embankment, etc.;




Modern re-engineering 14, focusing on the building of the South China Sea petrochemical refining 12 million tons, the Guangzhou auto industry base, by 2010, new automobile production capacity to reach 1 million / year;




Services Project 19, will start the construction, including the new Guangzhou International Convention & Exhibition Center and the Nansha Logistics Park and a number of logistics projects;




10 rural development projects, including rural drinking water projects, rural health service system construction projects, including a group of "people work";




Environmental protection and ecological construction 18, including the construction of Guangzhou City, hazardous waste treatment centers;




Cultural development projects in 21, including the standardization of compulsory school construction and universal high school education project, as well as the 2010 Asian Games competition and training venues, etc.;




Ping protect the project 19, which is expected to invest in the two largest projects are: crude oil reserves of the project, construction of 10 million cubic meters of crude oil reserve base; refined oil reserve project, construction of two million cubic meters of refined oil reserve base;




23 self-innovation projects, will start the construction of a new innovation service platform, Guangzhou national animation industry base online game

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China will invest 2 trillion in the development of renewable energy sources




China's energy consumption 70% to rely on coal. National Development and Reform Commission Chen Deming, deputy director, said at a news conference yesterday, so that China's energy structure will bring a lot of pressure, including greenhouse gas emissions, pressure. "Planning" should be made to focus on development, including hydropower, biomass, wind power, solar energy. 1 National Development and Reform Commission experts believe that, according to plan, from 2006 to 2020, renewable energy development speed much faster than in the past. In particular, bio-diesel, solar power, wind power.





It is estimated that from 2006 to 2020, to add water and electricity installed capacity of 190 million kilowatts, according to an average of 7,000 yuan per kilowatt calculations require a total investment of around 1.3 trillion yuan; add 28 million kilowatts installed capacity of biomass power generation, according to an average of 7,000 yuan per kilowatt is estimated that the total investment needs of about 2,000 billion yuan; add about 29 million kilowatts of wind power installed capacity, according to an average of 6500 yuan per kilowatt is estimated that the total investment needs of about 1,900 billion yuan; additional 62 million rural households use methane, according to 3000 yuan per household investment is estimated that require a total investment of about 1,900 billion yuan; new solar power generation is about 1.73 million kilowatts, 75,000 yuan per kilowatt-estimation, require a total investment of about 130 billion yuan. With large and medium size biogas projects, solar water heaters, geothermal, bio-liquid fuel production and biomass fuels, and other solid shape, the task is expected to achieve the 2020 plan will require a total investment of around 2 trillion yuan.




"Planning" proposed to be taken by state investment and social investment in a diversified combination of approaches to address renewable energy development and utilization of the construction financing.




"Planning" that the existing renewable energy development in the main problems are: policy and incentives have not done enough; market protection mechanism is not enough; technology development capabilities and industrial system is weak. "Program" sets forth the state ministries to formulate special plan for renewable energy development, a clear development objectives; through preferential pricing policies and the mandatory market share policies and establish sustainable market demand; improve market conditions to ensure that renewable energy acquisitions; policy power price and cost-sharing policy; increase the intensity of financial investment and tax incentives.







Focus on the development of renewable energy areas and objectives







Development Goals, the area of development




Hydro 2020, the National hydropower capacity has reached 300 million kilowatts. End of 2005, total installed capacity of hydropower reached 117 million kilowatts. Or 15 years, average annual growth rate of close to 10% water.





Biomass By 2020, total installed capacity of biomass power generation to reach 30 million kilowatts, bio-fuel ethanol consumption to reach 10 million tons annual interest, bio-diesel use annual interest of 200 million tons. Or 15 years, biomass power generation, fuel ethanol, bio-diesel annual growth rate of 93%, respectively, 59%, and 2.6 times respectively.




Wind Power By 2010, the national total installed capacity of wind power up to 500 kilowatts. By 2020, the national total installed capacity of wind power to reach 30 million kilowatts.




Solar energy by 2010, the total capacity of solar power generation to 30 megawatts in 2020 to 180 million kilowatts. It is learned that the end of 2005, the National PV total capacity of 7 million kilowatts. 15 years, average annual growth rate of 1.64 times the solar power generation.

Geothermal energy by 2010, annual interest amount of geothermal energy to reach 4 million tons of standard coal by 2020, annual interest amount of geothermal energy to reach 12 million tons of standard coal.

 

[我本皇汉]

Shanghai Light Source Laboratory - China's largest science and engineering

Project investment: 12.0 billion

Project duration: 2004 -2,009 years

Shanghai Light Source is a medium-to high-performance third-generation synchrotron radiation light source, its full name in English Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation facility, referred to as SSRF. It is China's largest-ever large research facilities and major scientific platform for the scientific community and industry have a wide range of applications, a day to accommodate hundreds of people from the country or the world in different disciplines, scientists and engineers in different areas where to conduct basic research and technology development.




Shanghai Light Source project total investment of about 12 billion yuan, of which the state has arranged investment 4 billion yuan, Shanghai and the Chinese Academy of Sciences invested 400 million yuan each. Project in December 2004 to start in Zhangjiang has now started the past four years, according to the node successfully entered the final 1 / 4 schedule. 2008 During the year, in this stadium the size of a circular building, the linear electron accelerator, the small ring enhancer, large storage rings, "Sanda Jian" will complete the installation is expected to go through a debugging cycle, the light works in the formally put into operation early next year after the completion. Project site range of about 20 million square meters, equivalent to 28 football pitches.




This advanced synchrotron radiation light source device can provide from the "hard X-ray" to "far-infrared band," the high-brightness beam. Since 1974, synchrotron radiation was first observed the phenomenon, such light source device has been developed the third generation. Various countries and regions, the existing synchrotron radiation light source 50 sets of light sources such as Shanghai's third-generation light source, have been built 11 units, in the design and construction of 13 units. Is expected around 2010, the global every day tens of thousands of scientists and engineers to take advantage of these light sources produced by different wavelengths of light, engaged in cutting-edge interdisciplinary research and high-tech development. It is reported that Shanghai After the completion of the total energy source may be among the world's top four, and has become indispensable for the new century, major scientific platform.





Main structure of the project is divided into three parts, outer ring circumference of 432 meters for the storage of large ring, with a tangent of the inner ring circumference of 180 meters of small ring enhancer, which connects the center of a straight line on the e - Accelerator --- This entire "optical tunnel" the direction of the energy transfer as "a straight line - a small ring - Tai Wan." At present, the "straight" and "small ring" inside the equipment are in place, and completed the commissioning, progress much faster than expected and created a light source-building world-class speed. Meanwhile, the projects, which ensure a stable beam current track to 5/1000 mm in thousandths, to the level of international sophistication. Before the end of the "big loop" about finishing equipment installation, and start debugging, scheduled to be completed by mid next year. After that, go through the process of an engineering optimization and upgrading, the Shanghai light source can be scheduled in 2009 "out of light

 

[我本皇汉]

China Three Gorges Project

Generating capacity of 18.2 million kilowatts, is the world's second-largest hydropower station - twice as much in Iraq too & Poor's hydropower, with 20 million tons of cement.

 

[我本皇汉]

Shanghai Center Building height of 580 meters, Taipei 101, super -




Project investment: 7 billion yuan

Project duration: 2009 -2013 years

Shanghai Center Building is a core area of Shanghai international financial center - the Lujiazui Financial City, the most important symbolic function of the construction.

According to the development in 1993, "Shanghai Lujiazui Central District Planning and Design Program", Jin Mao Tower, World Financial Center, the location and the Lujiazui Z3-2 plot, will build three high-rise landmark buildings, the formation of "goods "-shaped layout. Among them, Lujiazui Z3-2 plot is a "Shanghai Center" location, Z3-2 plot is located in the Pudong Lujiazui financial district of the Dongtai Road, Silver City Road and Garden Road at the junction of Stonebridge. Block north is the Jinmao Tower, east of Shanghai World Financial Center, the south side of the Huangpu River is surging, the project site has been used as a block Lujiazui Golf Driving Range, the present is full of the land lease has already been recovered, the future piece of about 3 million square meters of land will be erected on the building area of about 38 million square meters, a total of 118 story building height of up to 580 meters of the "Shanghai center." Land resumption work such preparations have been completed, just waiting for the "Shanghai Center" plan was finalized, and chose to start the news.




According to the time plan, "Shanghai Center" and strive to start the year, completed in 2013. A total investment of more than 7 billion yuan. Although the appearance and number of storeys still no clear answers, but 580 meters of super-high-level planning has will make the "Shanghai Center" to become more than 420.5 meters of the Jinmao Tower and 492-meter Shanghai World Financial Center, and even 501 meters of the Chinese Taipei 101 to become "China's first high-rise." Than the Jin Mao Tower, World Financial Center, nearly 160 meters, 88 meters to 5 meters high level terms, roughly equivalent to building more 30-storey and 17 layers. To be the "Shanghai Center" stands the sky will be followed with the towering Jin Mao Tower, World Financial Center form a "tripartite balance of forces on the third floor," the potential to make Lujiazui become the "highest" financial center.





In 2006 the Shanghai municipal government has launched a global program of collection plan, when the United States, including the internationally renowned architectural design firm SOM, KPF Architects and so the United States submitted a formal design plan, the domestic Shanghai Modern Architectural Design Group also organized within the group The design unit design. Prior to the U.S. architectural firm SOM on its official website design program, the building was known as the "Shanghai-Center". However, this program was officially launched shortly after the project was denied.

Shanghai Lujiazui Finance & Trade Zone Development Co., Ltd. decided to cooperate with Shanghai Urban Construction Investment and Development Corporation, Shanghai Construction Group, a joint venture project developed by Z3-2 plot, accounting for 45% stocks, 51% and 4%, registered capital of 5.4 billion.

 

[我本皇汉]

China Central Television headquarters building

- The world's second largest office building

The total project investment: 5 billion yuan

Project duration: 2005 - 2009

China Central Television Headquarters (CCTV Headquarters) located at the East Third Ring Road Beijing CBD. This ladder structure when completed, it will become the world's most radical architectural design. It was the U.S. "Time" magazine (December 24, 2007 ahead of publication) voted in 2007 one of the world's top ten architectural miracles.




China Central Television building cost five billion yuan from the China Central Television (CCTV) the main building, service building, Television Cultural Center (TVCC) and outdoor works composed. A total land area of 187,000 square meters, with a total construction area of about 55 million square meters, 234 meters high main building of which the ground 52 floors underground 3 floors, located 10-story podium. The main building of the two towers within a two-way tilt 6 degrees, more than 163 meters from the "L"-shaped cantilever structure as a single entity, the outer surface of the glass curtain wall building a strong irregular geometric patterns from the composition, shape a unique and novel structure of high-tech content of large, at home and abroad are "high, hard, precise, sharp," a large project.




Technically, the building there is a big difficulty. Building a twisted shape like a square donut; two towers erected inward tilt, inclination great; tower were horizontal structure between the link, the overall form a closed ring. Such a swing-type structure in the construction industry have not yet ready to follow the construction specifications.





Connecting part of the structure of the tower bridge construction techniques borrowed from different is that, if that part as a "bridge", it will be a disproportionately large, very heavy bridge. Certain parts of this bridge has a full 11-story tower, the bridge also includes a cantilever 75 meters out, front-end without any support.




Beijing construction industry in the construction of this design there is no ready-made specifications available, then, 13 structure, the Beijing municipal government organization set up a special panel of experts. Determined in the design of the program after two years, CCTV allowed to start the construction of new headquarters building. Next, the group made a three-story steel structure model used to study the. It is placed in a hydraulic platform to simulate an earthquake on the above to install hundreds of sensors used to monitor the "tower" on more than 1 of the displacement of steel beam and measured in different situations to which the largest part of the pressure .




CCTV building by a large area outside the steel mesh windows and the combination of diamond, as the building of the main structure, these steel mesh in the construction of the most exposed to the outside, rather than as deep as most of them construction. This pressure can follow the basic system to pass along, and find the best path into the ground. From the exterior view, the building part of steel net structure (including the corner and so large parts of the pressure) to compare intensive, they are also part of the overall design idea. In addition, the building will be used outside of special glass, made of gray enamel surface was burnt would be more effective sun shading.




Under construction in Beijing, about 10000 new buildings, CCTV Tower is the most ambitious plans for the one can show that this structure be allowed to build elsewhere in the world is unlikely, because other parts of the building codes will not allow the construction of such a things. China is now very willing to try it for the architectural design has created a very special atmosphere.




In all new buildings, designed to cost 800 million U.S. dollars in CCTV new building, bringing the public's visual impact is strongest. Upon completion, it will become one of China Central Television only a symbol of national television at the same time, it is the size of the Pentagon after the world's second largest office building.




CCTV building all the time to remind you how tiny, and it would represent how powerful this country is.