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Chinese Scientists Make Breakthrough in Quantum Computing

Dude, you probably need to look at my other reply before quoting me.

I said that already, almost no one developing Quantum Computer is working on the same material, the Aussie is working on Silicon, the American are working on Silicon and Graphite and the Chinese is working on Diamond.

Again, As I said before, as none of them have actually comes out ahead of anyone else, it's honestly quite hard to say who's better or who's not, just different. And in case of a working product, if they could have make them on par in silicon, it would save a lot of money, that's again, is my point.

i see, i was not understanding you properly then, my apologies. but yes, i agree, as previously stated, Si, given the already existing plants/experience is preferable if it's workable.
 

Chinese Scientists Make Breakthrough in Quantum Computing
CCTV+
Published on 25 Aug 2016

Chinese scientists have recently made a breakthrough in quantum computing.

Pan Jianwei and his colleagues from the University of Science and Technology of China achieved the generation, manipulation and detection of atomic spin entanglement by using ultra-cold atoms in optical lattices, which is a great step towards the scalable quantum information computation and quantum simulation based on ultra-cold atoms.

According to previous research, ultra-cold atoms in optical lattices offer a great promise to generate entangled states for scalable quantum information processing owing to the inherited long coherence time and controllability over a large number of particles.

The process of generating entangled states has three stages. Pan and his colleagues have finished the first stage, which is to produce regularly arranged entangled atom-bits pairs.

"We have compared our work with others in the world. We found that other scientists are capable of produce many atoms, but they cannot produce entangled pairs or using quantum manipulation to control them, or measure the quantum state. We are the first team in the world that have managed to produce entangled atom pairs, manipulate them and measure the quantum state. So we are leading the world in this area," said professor Yuan Zhensheng from the University of Science and Technology of China.

The new breakthrough is also seen as a great step towards faster quantum computing.

"Quantum computer is much faster than the digital computer we are using right now. The goal of our research is to make the quantum computing upgradable and to put it in a bigger mechanism so that it will be usable. The result of our research can be used in faster quantum computing," said Yuan.

"Nature Physics," an authoritative academic journal, said that their work "paves the way to create larger highly entangled states, such as 1D and 2D cluster states, the main resource for measurement based quantum computing".

Quantum computing studies theoretical computation systems (quantum computer) that make direct use of quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations on data.
 
Completion of China’s first quantum computer on the horizon

By Li Yan (People's Daily Online)

15:37, April 11, 2017

FOREIGN201704111544000151863933431.jpg

CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory established in July 2015 (File photo)

Development of the nation's first quantum computer is moving steadily forward, putting China ahead of other countries in the quantum communications arena, according to an industry authority.

China’s first quantum computer is expected to be completed within the next several years, said Bai Chunli, president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Bai made his prediction in a just-released report about the advanced applications of China’s science and technology development.

Bai notes that Chinese scientists have already succeeded in regulating and controlling single particles. The quantum computer could potentially solve equations within 0.01 seconds, much faster than domestically-developed supercomputer Tianhe-2.

Last year, China launched the world's first quantum communications satellite, proving that the country has become a leader in IT achievements.

http://en.people.cn/n3/2017/0411/c90000-9201395.html
 
Last edited:
Chinese scientists working on world's first quantum computer

2017-04-11 15:55

chinadaily.com.cn Editor: Li Yan

Chinese scientists are developing the world's first quantum computer, which will be much faster than current supercomputers and is expected to come into fruition in a few years, according to a top scientist.

Chinese scientists are able to control the change between single particles and the quantum state, a big step in quantum communication and computing, said Bai Chunli, president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Bai released the latest achievement in a report on the country's science and technology development and applications at a forum in Langfang, Hebei province on Monday.

The achievement shows that quantum research has stepped into a "control era" from an "observation era," Bai said.

A quantum computer will be terascale. An equation set might take the Tianhe-2 supercomputer 100 years to solve, but the quantum computer will solve it in just 0.01 seconds. Tianhe-2 was the fastest computer since 2013 but was replaced by another Chinese supercomputer, Sunway TaihuLight, last year.

China launched the world's first quantum satellite in 2016, leading the world in quantum communication.

http://www.ecns.cn/2017/04-11/252909.shtml
 
Ten superconducting qubits entangled by physicists in China
Apr 13, 2017

2017-04-13-cartlidge.jpg

Top 10: the quantum device

A group of physicists in China has taken the lead in the race to couple together increasing numbers of superconducting qubits. The researchers have shown that they can entangle 10 qubits connected to one another via a central resonator – so beating the previous record by one qubit – and say that their result paves the way to quantum simulators that can calculate the behaviour of small molecules and other quantum-mechanical systems much more efficiently than even the most powerful conventional computers.

Superconducting circuits create qubits by superimposing two electrical currents, and hold the promise of being able to fabricate many qubits on a single chip through the exploitation of silicon-based manufacturing technology. In the latest work, a multi-institutional group led by Jian-Wei Pan of the University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei, built a circuit consisting of 10 qubits, each half a millimetre across and made from slivers of aluminium laid on to a sapphire substrate. The qubits, which act as non-linear LC oscillators, are arranged in a circle around a component known as a bus resonator.

Initially, the qubits are put into a superposition state of two oscillating currents with different amplitudes by supplying each of them with a very low-energy microwave pulse. To avoid interference at this stage, each qubit is set to a different oscillation frequency. However, for the qubits to interact with one another, they need to have the same frequency. This is where the bus comes in. It allows qubits to transfer energy from one another, but does not absorb any of that energy itself.

"Magical interaction"

The end result of this process, says team member Haohua Wang of Zhejiang University, is entanglement, or, as he puts it, "some kind of magical interaction". To establish just how entangled their qubits were, the researchers used what is known as quantum tomography to find out the probability of detecting each of the thousands of possible states that this entanglement could generate. The outcome: their measured probability distribution yielded the correct state on average about two thirds of the time. The fact that this "fidelity" was above 50%, says Wang, meant that their qubits were "entangled for sure".

According to Shibiao Zheng of Fuzhou University, who designed the entangling protocol, the key ingredient in this set-up is the bus. This, he says, allows them to generate entanglement "very quickly".

The previous record of nine for the number of entangled qubits in a superconducting circuit was held by John Martinis and colleagues at the University of California, Santa Barbara and Google. That group uses a different architecture for their system; rather than linking qubits via a central hub they instead lay them out in a row and connect each to its nearest neighbour. Doing so allows them to use an error-correction scheme that they developed known as surface code.

High fidelity

Error correction will be vital for the functioning of any large-scale quantum computer in order to overcome decoherence – the destruction of delicate quantum states by outside interference. Involving the addition of qubits to provide cross-checking, error correction relies on each gate operation introducing very little error. Otherwise, errors would simply spiral out of control. In 2015, Martinis and co-workers showed that superconducting quantum computers could in principle be scaled up, when they built two-qubit gates with a fidelity above that required by surface code – introducing errors less than 1% of the time.

Martinis praises Pan and colleagues for their "nicely done experiment", in particular for their speedy entangling and "good single-qubit operation". But it is hard to know how much of an advance they have really made, he argues, until they fully measure the fidelity of their single-qubit gates or their entangling gate. "The hard thing is to scale up with good gate fidelity," he says.

Wang says that the Chinese collaboration is working on an error-correction scheme for their bus-centred architecture. But he argues that in addition to exceeding the error thresholds for individual gates, it is also important to demonstrate the precise operation of many highly entangled qubits. "We have a global coupling between qubits," he says. "And that turns out to be very useful."

Quantum simulator

Wang acknowledges that construction of a universal quantum computer – one that would perform any quantum algorithm far quicker than conventional computers could – is not realistic for the foreseeable future given the many millions of qubits such a device is likely to need. For the moment, Wang and his colleagues have a more modest aim in mind: the development of a "quantum simulator" consisting of perhaps 50 qubits, which could outperform classical computers when it comes to simulating the behaviour of small molecules and other quantum systems.

Xiaobo Zhu of the University of Science and Technology of China, who was in charge of fabricating the 10-qubit device, says that the collaboration aims to build the simulator within the next "5–10 years", noting that this is similar to the timescale quoted by other groups including the one of Martinis. "We are trying to catch up with the best groups in the world," he says.

http://physicsworld.com/cws/article...cting-qubits-entangled-by-physicists-in-china
 
China Making Swift, Competitive Quantum Computing Gains
March 27, 2017 Jeffrey Burt

dwave-388x300.jpg


Chinese officials have made no secret out of their desire to become the world’s dominant player in the technology industry. As we’ve written about before at The Next Platform, China has accelerated its investments in IT R&D over the past several years, spending tens of billions of dollars to rapidly expand the capabilities of its own technology companies to better compete with their American counterparts, while at the same time forcing U.S. tech vendors to clear various hurdles in their efforts to access the fast-growing China market.

This is being driven by a combination of China’s desire to increase its strategic, economic and military standing in the world through technology innovation and a desire to improve its national and information security, particularly given U.S. espionage efforts outlined in the documents leaked by former NSA analyst Edward Snowden. Among the goals in the country’s latest five-year plan – spanning 2016-2020 – is to establish China as a key player in technology research, development and innovation and in such areas as computing, robotics and biotechnology. Plans call for continued substantial government investment in these areas.

These efforts can be seen in such high-profile areas as HPC and supercomputing, where Chinese systems hold the top two positions in the Top500 list of the world’s fastest supercomputers, including the Sunway TaihuLight, which sits at number one with 93 petaflops of performance – more than the next five systems combined – is powered by ShenWei’s SW26010 many-core processor, a chip developed in China. At the same time, China is aggressively pushing efforts in exascale computing, with three projects underway to bring exascale systems to market. One project is calling for a prototype – called Tianhe-3 – being readied for 2018. The United States, through the National Strategic Computing Initiative, is preparing two exascale-capable systems for delivery in 2021.

U.S. officials and scientists have warned that the country that dominates the exascale era will have an edge in everything from business to national security to the military. Concern among U.S. scientists have increased in recent months over worries about possible federal budget cuts to scientific projects under the Trump Administration, which under the president’s proposed budget called for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science – which funds research into exascale computing, among other areas – to lose some $900 million from its $5 billion budget.

Scientists in the United States now are voicing concern that recent reductions in government funding and other challenges are threatening the country’s narrowing lead over China in another critical area – quantum technologies. In testimony given this month to the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, John Costello, senior analyst for cyber and East Asia at Flashpoint and a Cybersecurity Fellow for New America, warned that the United States narrowing lead in this crucial area is endangered by China’s aggressive funding and research. Losing the lead to China would have far-reaching consequences for both countries.

“The U.S. remains at the forefront of quantum information science, but its lead has slipped considerably as other nations, China in particular, have allocated extensive funding to basic and applied research,” Costello said in a written statement to the commission. “Consequently, Chinese advances in quantum information science have the potential to surpass the United States. Once operationalized, quantum technologies will also have transformative implications for China’s national security and economy. As the United States has sustained a leading position in the international affairs due in part to its technological, military, and economic preeminence, it is critical to take swift action to reverse this trend and once again place the United States as a frontrunner in emerging technologies like quantum information science.”

Quantum computing has been talked about for decades, and there have been efforts underway around quantum computing for much of that time. Current computers use bits that are in states either 0 or 1. Quantum systems use quantum bits – or qubits – that can be 0 and 1 at the same time. In addition, they are entangled – they share this same state with two or more qubits, but if interrupted by an outside force, will revert back to one of the two states, Costello said.

“In the future, quantum computers will be able to resolve complex algorithms, including those integral to most standard encryption methods,” he said. “Computations that would be impossible or infeasible for classical computers to perform can be performed by quantum computers at sufficient scale.”

D-Wave currently is the only vendor that offers a commercially-available quantum computer – the company’s latest D-Wave 2000Q has 2,000 qubits – though Costello said the systems use a form of computation called “quantum annealing” that is not considered “true” quantum computing. Other U.S. vendors, like IBM and Google, and agencies like NASA are creating public-private research groups. IBM last year made quantum computing capabilities available on the IBM Cloud to help drive innovation in the space, and this month announced IBM Q, a new division that aims to commercialize universal quantum computers for both commercial and scientific uses. In China, the highest-profile public-private partnership is through Alibaba and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The Alibab Quantum Computing Lab is aiming to be able to coherently manipulate 30 qubits by 2020, to create a quantum simulation that has calculations speeds of today’s fastest supercomputers by 2025, and develop a quantum computer prototype with 50 to 100 qubits by 2030.

In his lengthy testimony, Costello argued that China – due in large part to significant government investment – is moving faster in innovating around quantum technologies (not only computing, but also cryptography and sensing, which includes such possibilities as quantum clocks, imagery, radar and navigation) and urged U.S. lawmakers to take steps to at least keep pace with efforts by the Chinese government. He noted some successes by China already, including the development of Micius, a quantum satellite that can transmit quantum information between it and multiple ground stations, and upcoming completion of the Quantum Beijing-Shanghai Trunks a ground quantum optical fiber communications system that will stretch about 1,240 miles between the cities. Plans are to expand it nationwide over the next few years and linked with other metropolitan-level quantum communications networks, and then develop a similar network between Asia and Europe by 2020. By 2030, a global network is planned. In September 2016, scientists from a lab within China 45 Electronics Technology Group Corp. announced they’d made progress in creating a quantum radar that they said will be able to detect targets up to 100 kilometers away with better accuracy than current radars.

Costello’s comments about the danger the United States faces in falling behind in the quantum computing research and innovations echoes what others have found. He noted a study by MIT and a report in The Economist that the reduction in government funding has slowed innovation. In addition, a 2016 report by the Obama Administration focused on federally-funded quantum IS programs also noted a narrowing innovation gap, caused by multiple factors, including an instability of funding levels, education and workforce training, technology and knowledge transfer, and institutional boundaries within academic institutions. A key advantage for China is the stability of funding, Costello said.

“The lack of consistent funding at home, coupled with ample Chinese funding abroad, may persuade researchers to collaborate with China on larger projects or pursue their research in Chinese institutions,” he said, pointing out that an Austrian scientist had developed the technical expertise for a quantum satellite like Micius, but was unable to get funding in Europe, opening the door to China developing the technology. “It should be noted that these factors do not account for the substantial advantages the U.S. enjoys over China in the area of overall quality and number of academic institutions, venture capital investment, industrial and technological base, and quality and speed of private innovation. However, these advantages are narrowed considerably by China rising economic dominance, multiple forms of tech transfer, talent recruitment programs, and comprehensive state-level R&D funding programs.”

His recommendations to Congress focused on ensuring lawmakers better understand emerging technologies like quantum IS, machine learning and artificial intelligence. Included in his recommendations are the creation of publicly-funded think tanks to study issues around the technologies and China’s innovation efforts and the restoration of public funding for the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), which was funded between 1972 and 1995 to give Congress in-depth evaluations and policy options around emerging technologies. Current agencies like the Government Accountability Office and Congressional Research Service haven’t been able to give lawmakers the same level of expertise as the OTA. Costello also called for the creation of an interagency Commission for Investment in Strategic Emerging Technologies, which could better assess U.S. funding efforts around R&D, make recommendations to Congress and coordinate the work of relevant federal agencies.

It’s important that the country takes such steps, he said.

“Due to the pace of innovation and economy, the first-to-market advantage here is exponential and will yield near intractable market dominance,” Costello said. “The United States is already challenged by the industrial might and growing human resource base of China’s emergence on the world stage. Some of the few, though critical, advantages the United States possesses is dominance in emerging technologies, world-class academic and research institutions, and a central position in information and Internet technologies. If continued Chinese investment in these areas are not met with an appropriate U.S. response, these factors will shift, likely at the expense of the United States, and the strategic balance of power will continue to tilt in China’s favor.”

https://www.nextplatform.com/2017/03/27/china-making-swift-quantum-computing-gains-u-s/
 
China Making Swift, Competitive Quantum Computing Gains
March 27, 2017 Jeffrey Burt

View attachment 390958

Chinese officials have made no secret out of their desire to become the world’s dominant player in the technology industry. As we’ve written about before at The Next Platform, China has accelerated its investments in IT R&D over the past several years, spending tens of billions of dollars to rapidly expand the capabilities of its own technology companies to better compete with their American counterparts, while at the same time forcing U.S. tech vendors to clear various hurdles in their efforts to access the fast-growing China market.

This is being driven by a combination of China’s desire to increase its strategic, economic and military standing in the world through technology innovation and a desire to improve its national and information security, particularly given U.S. espionage efforts outlined in the documents leaked by former NSA analyst Edward Snowden. Among the goals in the country’s latest five-year plan – spanning 2016-2020 – is to establish China as a key player in technology research, development and innovation and in such areas as computing, robotics and biotechnology. Plans call for continued substantial government investment in these areas.

These efforts can be seen in such high-profile areas as HPC and supercomputing, where Chinese systems hold the top two positions in the Top500 list of the world’s fastest supercomputers, including the Sunway TaihuLight, which sits at number one with 93 petaflops of performance – more than the next five systems combined – is powered by ShenWei’s SW26010 many-core processor, a chip developed in China. At the same time, China is aggressively pushing efforts in exascale computing, with three projects underway to bring exascale systems to market. One project is calling for a prototype – called Tianhe-3 – being readied for 2018. The United States, through the National Strategic Computing Initiative, is preparing two exascale-capable systems for delivery in 2021.

U.S. officials and scientists have warned that the country that dominates the exascale era will have an edge in everything from business to national security to the military. Concern among U.S. scientists have increased in recent months over worries about possible federal budget cuts to scientific projects under the Trump Administration, which under the president’s proposed budget called for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science – which funds research into exascale computing, among other areas – to lose some $900 million from its $5 billion budget.

Scientists in the United States now are voicing concern that recent reductions in government funding and other challenges are threatening the country’s narrowing lead over China in another critical area – quantum technologies. In testimony given this month to the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, John Costello, senior analyst for cyber and East Asia at Flashpoint and a Cybersecurity Fellow for New America, warned that the United States narrowing lead in this crucial area is endangered by China’s aggressive funding and research. Losing the lead to China would have far-reaching consequences for both countries.

“The U.S. remains at the forefront of quantum information science, but its lead has slipped considerably as other nations, China in particular, have allocated extensive funding to basic and applied research,” Costello said in a written statement to the commission. “Consequently, Chinese advances in quantum information science have the potential to surpass the United States. Once operationalized, quantum technologies will also have transformative implications for China’s national security and economy. As the United States has sustained a leading position in the international affairs due in part to its technological, military, and economic preeminence, it is critical to take swift action to reverse this trend and once again place the United States as a frontrunner in emerging technologies like quantum information science.”

Quantum computing has been talked about for decades, and there have been efforts underway around quantum computing for much of that time. Current computers use bits that are in states either 0 or 1. Quantum systems use quantum bits – or qubits – that can be 0 and 1 at the same time. In addition, they are entangled – they share this same state with two or more qubits, but if interrupted by an outside force, will revert back to one of the two states, Costello said.

“In the future, quantum computers will be able to resolve complex algorithms, including those integral to most standard encryption methods,” he said. “Computations that would be impossible or infeasible for classical computers to perform can be performed by quantum computers at sufficient scale.”

D-Wave currently is the only vendor that offers a commercially-available quantum computer – the company’s latest D-Wave 2000Q has 2,000 qubits – though Costello said the systems use a form of computation called “quantum annealing” that is not considered “true” quantum computing. Other U.S. vendors, like IBM and Google, and agencies like NASA are creating public-private research groups. IBM last year made quantum computing capabilities available on the IBM Cloud to help drive innovation in the space, and this month announced IBM Q, a new division that aims to commercialize universal quantum computers for both commercial and scientific uses. In China, the highest-profile public-private partnership is through Alibaba and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The Alibab Quantum Computing Lab is aiming to be able to coherently manipulate 30 qubits by 2020, to create a quantum simulation that has calculations speeds of today’s fastest supercomputers by 2025, and develop a quantum computer prototype with 50 to 100 qubits by 2030.

In his lengthy testimony, Costello argued that China – due in large part to significant government investment – is moving faster in innovating around quantum technologies (not only computing, but also cryptography and sensing, which includes such possibilities as quantum clocks, imagery, radar and navigation) and urged U.S. lawmakers to take steps to at least keep pace with efforts by the Chinese government. He noted some successes by China already, including the development of Micius, a quantum satellite that can transmit quantum information between it and multiple ground stations, and upcoming completion of the Quantum Beijing-Shanghai Trunks a ground quantum optical fiber communications system that will stretch about 1,240 miles between the cities. Plans are to expand it nationwide over the next few years and linked with other metropolitan-level quantum communications networks, and then develop a similar network between Asia and Europe by 2020. By 2030, a global network is planned. In September 2016, scientists from a lab within China 45 Electronics Technology Group Corp. announced they’d made progress in creating a quantum radar that they said will be able to detect targets up to 100 kilometers away with better accuracy than current radars.

Costello’s comments about the danger the United States faces in falling behind in the quantum computing research and innovations echoes what others have found. He noted a study by MIT and a report in The Economist that the reduction in government funding has slowed innovation. In addition, a 2016 report by the Obama Administration focused on federally-funded quantum IS programs also noted a narrowing innovation gap, caused by multiple factors, including an instability of funding levels, education and workforce training, technology and knowledge transfer, and institutional boundaries within academic institutions. A key advantage for China is the stability of funding, Costello said.

“The lack of consistent funding at home, coupled with ample Chinese funding abroad, may persuade researchers to collaborate with China on larger projects or pursue their research in Chinese institutions,” he said, pointing out that an Austrian scientist had developed the technical expertise for a quantum satellite like Micius, but was unable to get funding in Europe, opening the door to China developing the technology. “It should be noted that these factors do not account for the substantial advantages the U.S. enjoys over China in the area of overall quality and number of academic institutions, venture capital investment, industrial and technological base, and quality and speed of private innovation. However, these advantages are narrowed considerably by China rising economic dominance, multiple forms of tech transfer, talent recruitment programs, and comprehensive state-level R&D funding programs.”

His recommendations to Congress focused on ensuring lawmakers better understand emerging technologies like quantum IS, machine learning and artificial intelligence. Included in his recommendations are the creation of publicly-funded think tanks to study issues around the technologies and China’s innovation efforts and the restoration of public funding for the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), which was funded between 1972 and 1995 to give Congress in-depth evaluations and policy options around emerging technologies. Current agencies like the Government Accountability Office and Congressional Research Service haven’t been able to give lawmakers the same level of expertise as the OTA. Costello also called for the creation of an interagency Commission for Investment in Strategic Emerging Technologies, which could better assess U.S. funding efforts around R&D, make recommendations to Congress and coordinate the work of relevant federal agencies.

It’s important that the country takes such steps, he said.

“Due to the pace of innovation and economy, the first-to-market advantage here is exponential and will yield near intractable market dominance,” Costello said. “The United States is already challenged by the industrial might and growing human resource base of China’s emergence on the world stage. Some of the few, though critical, advantages the United States possesses is dominance in emerging technologies, world-class academic and research institutions, and a central position in information and Internet technologies. If continued Chinese investment in these areas are not met with an appropriate U.S. response, these factors will shift, likely at the expense of the United States, and the strategic balance of power will continue to tilt in China’s favor.”

https://www.nextplatform.com/2017/03/27/china-making-swift-quantum-computing-gains-u-s/

中國加油! Go China Go!!
:china:
 
Chinese scientists make quantum leap in computing

2017-05-03 10:38

Xinhua Editor: Gu Liping

Chinese scientists have built world's first quantum computing machine that goes beyond the early classical -- or conventional -- computers, paving the way to the ultimate realization of quantum computing beating classical computers.:D:D

Scientists announced their achievement at a press conference in the Shanghai Institute for Advanced Studies of University of Science and Technology of China on Wednesday.

Many scientists believe quantum computing could in some ways dwarf the processing power of today's supercomputers. The manipulation of multi-particle entanglement is the core of quantum computing technology and has been the focus of international competition in quantum computing research.

Recently, Chinese leading quantum physicist Pan Jianwei, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and his colleagues -- Lu Chaoyang and Zhu Xiaobo, of the University of Science and Technology of China, and Wang Haohua, of Zhejiang University -- set two international records in quantum control of the maximal numbers of entangled photonic quantum bits and entangled superconducting quantum bits.

Pan said quantum computers could, in principle, solve certain problems faster than classical computers. Despite substantial progress in the past two decades, building quantum machines that can actually outperform classical computers in some specific tasks -- an important milestone termed "quantum supremacy" -- remains challenging.

In the quest for quantum supremacy, Boson sampling, an intermediate (that is, non-universal) quantum computer model has received considerable attention, as it requires fewer physical resources than building universal optical quantum computers, Pan said.

Last year, Pan and Lu Chaoyang developed the world's best single photon source based on semiconductor quantum dots. Now, they are using the high-performance single photon source and electronically programmable photonic circuit to build a multi-photon quantum computing prototype to run the Boson sampling task.

The test results show the sampling rate of this prototype is at least 24,000 times faster than international counterparts:o:, according to Pan's team.

At the same time, the prototype quantum computing machine is 10 to 100 times faster than the first electronic computer, ENIAC, and the first transistor computer, TRADIC, in running the classical algorithm, Pan said.

It is the first quantum computing machine based on single photons that goes beyond the early classical computer, and ultimately paves the way to a quantum computer that can beat classical computers. This achievement was published online in the latest issue of Nature Photonics this week.

http://www.ecns.cn/2017/05-03/255864.shtml
 
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