China's Race for Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology

[onebyone]

Global GDP will be 14 percent higher in 2030 as a result of artificial intelligence (AI) technology’s development, which is dubbed “the fourth industrial revolution”, according to a new research report released by consultancy firm PriceWaterhouse Coopers (PwC). AI technology will contribute 15.7 trillion U.S. dollars to the global economy by 2030, PwC said in the report.

Source: PwC

China will be one of the biggest countries benefiting from the rapid development of AI, with a 26 percent boost of the GDP in 2030, according to PwC. Meanwhile, North America will expect a 14.5 percent increase in GDP, worth 3.7 trillion US dollars.

By 2030, global GDP is expected to increase by 14 percent, or 15.7 trillion US dollars, because of AI. /VCG Photo

Labor productivity improvements are expected to account for over half of all economic gains from AI between 2016 and 2030, said PwC. The firm added that increased consumer demand resulting from AI-enabled product enhancements will account for the rest.

North America is expected to experience a faster economic boost due to AI than China in the next few years, as its market and consumers have already been more ready to incorporate the new technology. However, China will begin to pull ahead of the North America in ten years, according to PwC. As one of the most important emerging markets in the world, China has great potential for AI technology to boost its productivity.

The digital medicine market in China develops rapidly due to AI. /VCG Photo

AI technology is already playing an important role in China’s economic development especially in some emerging industries.

According to HC3i, the first website concentrating on analyses and research of digital medicine development in China, the market of China’s digital medicine industry in 2016 reached 9.661 billion yuan due to AI technology application, with a 37.9 percent boost. In the latest report, HC3i predicts that it is expected to climb up to over 13 billion yuan by an increase of 40.7 percent in 2017.

(With input from Xinhua)
https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d6b444e7855444e/share_p.html

 

[cirr]

World Intelligence Congress focuses on AI

2017-06-29 17:03

Xinhua Editor: Mo Hong'e

A new generation of artificial intelligence (AI) was discussed at the World Intelligence Congress which opened Thursday in north China's Tianjin Municipality.

The inaugural congress includes 16 forums and a 6,000-square-meter exhibition area displaying high-tech achievements in AI technology.

A series of cooperation agreements will be inked at the expo, including one between the Tianjin municipal government and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, which will map out a development strategy for a new generation of AI technology.

Minister of Science and Technology Wan Gang said that the new generation of AI technology will have a "significant effect" on society, and will become a driving force behind a new industrial revolution.

The municipal government will also sign an agreement with Alibaba's financial affiliate Ant Financial to push forward the building of a "cash-free city" in Tianjin, where electronic payments will be used in areas such as transportation, medical care, education, and social security.

http://www.ecns.cn/2017/06-29/263482.shtml

Smart cars a hit at expo in China

2017-06-29 13:38

Xinhua Editor: Mo Hong'e

Smart cars have proved to be popular exhibits at an ongoing expo in north China's Tianjin Municipality.

At the first World Intelligence Congress, which opened Thursday, 63 teams took part in a competition that tested China's intelligent driving systems.

The competition was divided into three categories -- autopilot, intelligent assist and information security.

The cars went through a series of tests in each category, to "provide authoritative information for national policy, product enhancement and societal awareness" about China's intelligent driving industry, according to Yu Kai, an executive with China Automotive Technology and Research Center.

An award ceremony will be held Friday.

Li Deyi, an academician with the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said that artificial intelligence is changing the landscape of the auto industry, and that the competitions and forums at the expo will help improve the intelligent driving industry.

The expo will conclude on Friday.

http://www.ecns.cn/business/2017/06-29/263456.shtml

 

[cirr]

China intending to take lead with national AI plan

2017-06-30 10:49

China Daily Editor: Feng Shuang

Delighted children and adults watch the performance of a robot at the 2017 China Beijing International High-Tech Expo on June 8. (Photo/China Daily)

China will roll out a slate of important artificial intelligence projects and step up efforts to cultivate AI talent as part of the country's upcoming national plan to gain a lead in the cutting-edge technology, a senior official said on Thursday.

Minister of Science and Technology Wan Gang said the country will soon release a national strategy to detail how to boost the development of AI through 2030.

China will launch a series of core AI research and development projects, devote more resources to nurturing talent, and accelerate the application of AI in education, healthcare, security and other sectors, Wang said at the World Intelligence Congress in Tianjin.

The plan is ready and will soon be released for public review, Wan said.

He also said more steps will be taken to build closer cooperation with international AI organizations and encourage foreign AI companies to set up R&D centers in China.

Thomas Jakob, Asia Pacific regional president at Bosch Software Innovations, which is the software and systems division of Germany's Bosch Group, said the new AI plan will have roughly the same impact on the industry as the government's Made in China 2025 initiative has had on the manufacturing sector.

"At the moment, 62 percent of investment into the AI industry is going to the US and Europe. This will change as what Wan said this morning will help China better nurture AI talent and improve in other areas," Jakob said.

China attaches high importance to AI, which is widely seen as an effective tool to boost industrial productivity and empower employees.

A report from consultancy firm PricewaterhouseCoopers forecasts that AI will contribute $15.7 trillion to the global economy in 2030 and China will be among the biggest beneficiaries of that, with a 26 percent boost to its GDP in 2030.

Robin Li, known as Li Yanhong in Chinese, CEO of Baidu Inc, said: "China will lead the world in AI development, since the country has about 700 million internet users who are highly responsive to new technologies. This is an edge no other countries can rival."

The internet titan has increased its AI spending and brought in former Microsoft executive Lu Qi to spearhead its plan of mass-producing driverless vehicles within four years.

Liu Qingfeng, chairman of the leading voice-recognition technology company iFlytek, said AI is highly technology-intensive and the upcoming national plan will motivate companies to emphasize basic science, the source of innovation.

"It will help domestic enterprises better access overseas resources and invest in foreign companies, and give China a bigger say in the global technology arena," Liu said.

The company is developing an AI-enabled robot capable of outscoring 80 percent of Chinese students in the national college admission exams to become eligible, theoretically, for admission to a top-level university in 2020.

http://www.ecns.cn/business/2017/06-30/263580.shtml

 

[AndrewJin]

China intending to take lead with national AI plan

2017-06-30 10:49

China Daily Editor: Feng Shuang

Delighted children and adults watch the performance of a robot at the 2017 China Beijing International High-Tech Expo on June 8. (Photo/China Daily)

China will roll out a slate of important artificial intelligence projects and step up efforts to cultivate AI talent as part of the country's upcoming national plan to gain a lead in the cutting-edge technology, a senior official said on Thursday.

Minister of Science and Technology Wan Gang said the country will soon release a national strategy to detail how to boost the development of AI through 2030.

China will launch a series of core AI research and development projects, devote more resources to nurturing talent, and accelerate the application of AI in education, healthcare, security and other sectors, Wang said at the World Intelligence Congress in Tianjin.

The plan is ready and will soon be released for public review, Wan said.

He also said more steps will be taken to build closer cooperation with international AI organizations and encourage foreign AI companies to set up R&D centers in China.

Thomas Jakob, Asia Pacific regional president at Bosch Software Innovations, which is the software and systems division of Germany's Bosch Group, said the new AI plan will have roughly the same impact on the industry as the government's Made in China 2025 initiative has had on the manufacturing sector.

"At the moment, 62 percent of investment into the AI industry is going to the US and Europe. This will change as what Wan said this morning will help China better nurture AI talent and improve in other areas," Jakob said.

China attaches high importance to AI, which is widely seen as an effective tool to boost industrial productivity and empower employees.

A report from consultancy firm PricewaterhouseCoopers forecasts that AI will contribute $15.7 trillion to the global economy in 2030 and China will be among the biggest beneficiaries of that, with a 26 percent boost to its GDP in 2030.

Robin Li, known as Li Yanhong in Chinese, CEO of Baidu Inc, said: "China will lead the world in AI development, since the country has about 700 million internet users who are highly responsive to new technologies. This is an edge no other countries can rival."

The internet titan has increased its AI spending and brought in former Microsoft executive Lu Qi to spearhead its plan of mass-producing driverless vehicles within four years.

Liu Qingfeng, chairman of the leading voice-recognition technology company iFlytek, said AI is highly technology-intensive and the upcoming national plan will motivate companies to emphasize basic science, the source of innovation.

"It will help domestic enterprises better access overseas resources and invest in foreign companies, and give China a bigger say in the global technology arena," Liu said.

The company is developing an AI-enabled robot capable of outscoring 80 percent of Chinese students in the national college admission exams to become eligible, theoretically, for admission to a top-level university in 2020.

http://www.ecns.cn/business/2017/06-30/263580.shtml

Awesome!
It's happening!

 

[Jlaw]

AI is fascinating. Some people fear AI but I embrace it

 

[onebyone]

HANGZHOU, CHINA - JANUARY 16: Alibaba employees watch an artificial intelligence robot named ET writing Spring Festival couplets at Alibaba's Xixi District on January 16, 2017 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province of China. The robot named ET writes exclusive Spring Festival couplets for each Alibaba employee after using face recognition technology and speech recognition technology. (VCG via Getty Images)

The buzzword among the business and tech communities in China for the past year has been ‘AI’, or artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence, which allows software to “learn” human ways of thinking, is being incorporated into the largest e-commerce platforms, including Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent, as well as into data-intensive traditional sectors. With strong government backing and concentrated research in this area, AI is poised to drive China’s economy forward toward higher levels of growth.

Big plans for AI

China is developing artificial intelligence in improving the capabilities of robotics, developing driverless cars, divining consumer preferences, inventory forecasting, selling enhanced products, and marketing goods and services. According to Liu Lihua, Vice Minister of Industry and Information Technology, China has thus far applied for 15,745 AI patents.

Wan Gang, the Minister of Science and Technology, stated this past Friday that China plans to launch a national AI plan, which will strengthen AI development and application, introduce policies to contain risks associated with AI, and work toward international cooperation. The plan will also provide funds to back these endeavors. Some municipalities also support AI research programs. Beijing, for example, is home to the CAS Institute of Automation, a consortium of universities and firms that provides venture capital funding of 1 billion RMB ($150 million) to AI development. Zhejiang province has also embraced AI programs. Already, Geely Automobile in Zhejiang is using intelligent manufacturing and internet marketing services based on AI to boost sales.

BAT leading the way

China’s BAT, or Baidu, Alibaba and Tencent, is leading the way for AI in China. Baidu was the first Chinese company to embark upon research in AI, using a system known as Duer to be used in home devices and driverless cars. Driverless auto software provided by Baidu will be made available to car manufacturers under the Apollo Project. Alibaba is using AI to forecast regional order quantities and to improve logistics efficiency, while Tencent has released a platform for deep learning using social data.
Baidu, Alibaba and Tencent have been vying for top talent in AI in order to become leaders in this area. Making headlines several days ago, Alibaba lured Ren Xiaofeng from Amazon.com to lead its own technology lab, which aims to make headway in artificial intelligence. Tencent brought Baidu’s AI expert Zhang Tong on board in March. In 2014, Baidu poached Andrew Ng from the Google Brain project to lead the Baidu Research Institute (though he recently stepped down).

Offline companies integrating AI

Some companies have used online data to drive offline gains. Xiaomi, for example, incorporated new smartphone features proposed on its fan website to gain market share. AI is also being incorporated into the education, medical, and transportation industries.

Intelligent software embedded in manufactured products is also getting underway. Huawei, the largest telecommunications equipment manufacturer in the world, has introduced its AI self-learning system MoKA. In its Noah’s Ark Lab, Huawei has developed AI for network optimization, speech recognition, and search recognition on mobile devices. Haier has developed a smart home system that incorporates a learning process, called the Haier U+ platform. Data on how Haier products are used in the home can be transmitted to the smart home industry, allowing firms to improve the products over time.

No stopping AI now

There is no shortage of interest in AI in China. Two weeks ago, China set up its first AI alliance, the China Artificial Intelligence Industry Innovation Alliance. This alliance is led by the China Center for Information Industry Development and includes the largest tech companies, like iFlytek and Intel China. The group aims to incubate 50 AI-enabled products and 40 firms, as well as to embark upon 20 pilot projects and create a general technology platform within three years.


Much has been made recently about the fact that China appears to be catching up to the largest producer of AI technology, the United States. Even though China started its research and development from a much lower base, its strong government support in the face of waning endorsement in the U.S. under the Trump administration will allow China’s AI technology to catch up to the U.S. more rapidly. The top-down structure of China's government appears to also boost the ease of promoting a pro-AI tech development plan, especially as government bodies increasingly favor information sharing. It seems likely that 'AI' will remain a buzzword in China for the foreseeable future.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/sarahs...-could-soon-catch-up-to-the-u-s/#7387f7455384

 

[JSCh]

Baidu acquires natural language startup Kitt.ai, maker of chatbot engine ChatFlow
Posted 15 minutes ago by Ingrid Lunden (@ingridlunden)

China’s search giant Baidu has made another acquisition to continue its push into artificial intelligence, and specifically carving out a place for itself as a platform for developers who want to create chatbots and other services based on natural language technology. It has acquired Kitt.ai, a profitable startup based out of Seattle that has developed a framework to build and power chatbots and voice-based applications across multiple platforms and devices. Terms of the deal — which was announced on stage at Baidu’s developer event in Beijing, and also confirmed in a blog post from Kitt.ai — are not being disclosed.


---> Baidu acquires natural language startup Kitt.ai, maker of chatbot engine ChatFlow | TechCrunch

 

[cirr]

Baidu claims its AI technology can 'read' videos

2017-07-07 11:17

China Daily Editor: Feng Shuang

Yin Shiming, vice-president of Baidu, presides over a cloud computing sub-forum at the Baidu Create 2017 conference on July 5, 2017. (Photo by Song Jingli/chinadaily.com.cn)

Baidu's artificial intelligence not only makes driving hands-free possible, but could also let machines analyze video footages much better than humans, the company's executives shared on a developers' conference in Beijing Wednesday.

"It might be impossible for you to figure out whether your son said 'Daddy, I love you' when he was two-year-old in videos, but it is possible now," Yin Shiming, vice-president of Baidu, told audience at a cloud computing sub-forum of the Baidu Create 2017 conference.

Huang Jingbo, a research manager at Baidu Cloud's multimedia department, said that Baidu has rolled out video processing services such as video content analysis (VCA) and smart selection of video covers.

When the VCA service, enabled by deep learning, is applied on a footage, it will be tagged automatically and elements of the footage, including voice, characters, scenarios, faces will all be analyzed and displayed, Huang told the audience.

He added that the smart cover selection function, partly enabled by machines' understanding of human feelings, could recommend a video to its possible viewers in the best way, rather than always the first frame of the video.

Yin, also the general manger of Baidu Cloud, said Baidu's advancement in visual sector will impact many sectors, with entertainment and education as the most possible.

http://www.ecns.cn/business/2017/07-07/264476.shtml

 

[onebyone]

Darrell Etherington
TechCrunchJuly 5, 2017
Baidu and Nvidia announced a far-reaching agreement to work together on artificial intelligence today, spanning applications in cloud computing, autonomous driving, education and research, and domestic uses via consumer devices. It may be the most comprehensive partnership yet for Nvidia in its bourgeoning artificial intelligence business, and it's likely to provide a big boost for Nvidia's GPU business for years to come.

nvidia-shield147a0243.jpg?w=1024&h=683
On the consumer front, Baidu will also add DuerOS to its Nvidia Shield TV, the Android TV-based set-top streaming box that got a hardware upgrade earlier this year. DuerOS is a virtual assistant similar to Siri or Google Assistant, and was previously announced for smart home speakers and devices. Shield TV is set to get Google Assistant support via a forthcoming update, and Nvidia is also set to eventually launch expandable smart home mics to make it accessible throughout a home, a feature which could conceivably work with DuerOS, too.

This is a big win for Nvidia, and potentially the emergence of one of the most important partnerships in modern AI computing. These two have worked together before, but this represents a broadening of their cooperation that makes them partners in virtually all potential areas of AI's future growth.

https://finance.yahoo.com/news/nvidia-baidu-team-ai-across-073530421.html

 

[JSCh]

China enlists AI to diagnose breast cancer
Source: Xinhua| 2017-07-07 20:08:34|Editor: Yang Yi



TIANJIN, July 7 (Xinhua) -- Doctors in China will soon read patient breast scans with the help of machines.

The National Clinical Research Center for Cancer (NCRCC) said Friday that it has signed a deal with the Institute of Computing Technology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) to use artificial intelligence in medical imaging.

Their first cooperation focus lies in reading ultrasound breast scans and mammograms, two common methods used in breast screening.

The aim is to improve diagnosis accuracy and encourage breast cancer screening in regions of high prevalence and rural areas where experienced medical professionals are in short supply, according to the agreement.

"Medical imaging is where artificial intelligence can play a big role," said Zhao Yi, a CAS computer professor. "We use deep learning technology to build models based on the experience of radiologitsts."

He said the machine would have read hundreds of thousands of breast scan reports before it assumes the post of a doctor's assistant. When it is called on to read the scans, the machine can produce a highly-accurate report in just a few seconds.

It is not immediately clear when clinical use will begin and how many hospitals will benefit..

Chinese scientists with state institutions or leading tech firms are racing to achieve breakthroughs in use of artificial intelligence. Health care has been identified as a promising area for the technology.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among Chinese women, with about 272,000 new cases reported in China in 2015. More than 71,000 people died of breast cancer that year.

NCRCC director Hao Xishan said that if found early, 95 percent of breast cancer patients could be cured. However, challenges remain in rural and remote areas where patients often do not get tested until it is too late.

 

[onebyone]

Confidence in US innovation falling; China leads way on AI
In recent years, a tilt in China’s favour has become a landslide when it comes to innovation, says the founder of Web Summit, the organization behind the RISE conference in Hong Kong. In terms of AI, he adds, the US is being left for dust
By PADDY COSGROVE JULY 8, 2017 9:00 AM (UTC+8)

Remember, lads, we're going to play in a binary formation. Programers ready their robots for a robot soccer match at the World Robot Conference 2016 in Beijing, China. Photo: Reuters/Thomas Peter

Anumber of months ago, I wrote about the direction of American innovation and discovered something incredible: China has eclipsed the US in terms of the creation of intellectual property.

This revelation alone may not sound earth-shattering, but when you consider what is happening in more detail you begin to discover some truly significant trends.
In recent years, a tilt in China’s favour has become a landslide when it comes to innovation. In 2010, for example, Chinese companies had registered in the region of 380,000 patents compared to 470,000 in the US. Five years later, China has completely overtaken the US, registering in excess of 1,000,000 patents compared to 600,000 in the US. The gap between the two is now accelerating at an historically unprecedented pace. In fact, last year alone China increased its number of registered patents by 45%, while the number of registered patents in the US actually declined.

It doesn’t look like the US will be catching up soon either.

The top 1,000 US companies are investing less in research and development (R&D) than at any point over the last 50 years. US federal spending on R&D, as a percentage of GDP, is also at its lowest level in 40 years. Add to that a persistent decline in the number of startups being created in the US economy and it is unsurprising that some are saying America face a burgeoning innovation problem.

AI: the frontline of innovation
This trend hasn’t gone unnoticed in the US. In the final months of the Obama administration, the US government published two separate reports which noted that the US is no longer the undisputed world leader in AI research and innovation, and expressed concerns about China’s emergence as a major player in the field. The reports recommended increased expenditure on machine learning research, and enhanced collaboration between the US government and tech industry leaders to unlock the potentials of AI. But despite these efforts, 91% of the 1,268 top US and international tech founders, CEOs, investors and developers surveyed in May 2017 said they believe the US government is “fatally underprepared” for the impact of AI on the US ecosystem.

AI appears to be the frontline to this battle of innovation between East and West at the moment and China’s influence is growing.

China has shown increasing interest in the American start-up world, notably in the field of AI. Research firm CB Insights found that Chinese participation in funding rounds for American startups came close to US$10bn in value last year, while recent figures indicate that Chinese companies have invested in 51 US artificial intelligence companies to the tune of US$700m.

China’s dominance and US attitudes
China’s newfound dominance in AI isn’t a huge surprise. The country has invested massively in AI research output since 2013, and so far these efforts are yielding incredible results.

The three Chinese tech giants – Baidu, Didi, and Tencent – have all set up their own AI research labs, with Baidu, in particular, taking several steps to cement itself among the world’s leading lights in the field. At its AI lab in Silicon Valley, 200 Baidu developers are pioneering driverless car technology, visual dictionaries, and facial- and speech-recognition software to rival the offerings of American competitors. Similarly, Tencent is sponsoring scholarships in some of China’s leading science and technology universities, giving students access to WeChat’s enormous databases, while at the same time allowing Tencent to tap the best research and talent coming out of these institutions.

Reuters/Aly Song
Even at a government level, spending on research is growing at a double-digit rate annually. It is said that China is preparing a multi-billion dollar initiative to further domestic AI advances with moonshot projects, startup funding and academic research. From a US$2bn AI expenditure pledge in the little-known city of Xiangtan, to matching AI subsidies worth up to of US$1 million in Suzhou and Shenzhen, billions are being spent to incentivise the development of AI.

In comparison, the Trump administration’s proposed 2018 budget includes a 10% cut to the National Science Foundation’s funding for US AI development programs, despite the previous administration’s commitment to increase spending.

Attitudes of US investors appear to reflect growing concern. Twenty-eight percent of investors we surveyed ahead of our RISE event in Hong Kong cited China as the main threat to the US tech industry. It’s a significant figure as China’s influence continues to grow, but of further surprise was the 50% of all respondents who believed the US would lose its predominant position in the tech world to China within five years.

Confidence in the US dominance of the tech world is failing.
RISE: Where east meets west
Four years ago, I wanted to create a conference that could bridge the gap between East and West and showcase the innovation taking place across both marketplaces. RISE is now the leading tech event in Asia, welcoming 15,000 attendees this year. We recognize the truly global nature of technology. I think RISE is as important as ever so we explore the real world possibilities from the level of innovation we’re seeing from both China, the US and all over the world.

I think medium term it’s prudent to be at the very least cautious on American innovation. Historically what has set the United States apart has been its capacity to course-correct. I’ve no doubt the US will find a new course. But as it stands, China is in the driving seat.

Paddy Cosgrove is the CEO and founder of Web Summit, which has become Europe’s largest tech conference, attracting 53,000 attendees from 136 countries last year. Paddy also runs a number of other innovation events around the world – including the RISE conference, has been staged in Hong Kong since 2015. This year’s RISE will take place in Hong Kong between July 11-13 and will bring together 15,000 tech leaders and attendees from Asia and the rest of the world. RISE is produced by the team behind Web Summit.

http://www.atimes.com/article/confidence-us-innovation-falling-china-leads-way-ai/

 

[Tom99]

Another shallow FUD article.

Yes, there is no doubt China is investing and growing its AI development. However, the American development in this sphere is not falling at all. Google, IBM, Amazon , Microsoft,..etc is spending tons of money spearheading AI innovations. China still have a long way to just catch up.

 

[Kiss_of_the_Dragon]

Nowadays, US technology are developed by imported immigrants, the only pride for immigrants to work for US is moneys and better living life and not for the glory of USA: when US is playing up proxie and stir up trouble for these immigrant's respective nation, which immigrant willing to dedicate his life and do extra hard work for US?

A nation strength is relied on their own population but US is relied on immigrants for their scientific and innovation, for immigrant helping US innovation is like add insult to injury: when US is hostile to their nation and expect them to help innovate USA? ...what a big joke of 21st century.

 

[Beast]

Another shallow FUD article.

Yes, there is no doubt China is investing and growing its AI development. However, the American development in this sphere is not falling at all. Google, IBM, Amazon , Microsoft,..etc is spending tons of money spearheading AI innovations. China still have a long way to just catch up.

I will not used the word long way. I will say US AI and China AI are on par.

Nowadays, US technology are developed by imported immigrants, the only pride for immigrants to work for US is moneys and better living life and not for the glory of USA: when US is playing up proxie and stir up trouble for these immigrant's respective nation, which immigrant willing to dedicate his life and do extra hard work for US?

The yellow peril also play into China card. Many smart overseas Chinese in US are bar or treated shabbily due to prejudice. Many of these smart ABC seek their fortune in China. They feel right at home. All look the same no prejudice.

 

[Kiss_of_the_Dragon]

View attachment 409981
I will not used the word long way. I will say US AI and China AI are on par.

The yellow peril also play into China card. Many smart overseas Chinese in US are bar or treated shabbily due to prejudice. Many of these smart ABC seek their fortune in China. They feel right at home. All look the same no prejudice.

Qian Xuesen had already set a path and example for oversea Chineses, and thanks US for having prejudice on Chinese scientific people then China will have no need to spend effort to welcome them back.