Happy Birthday Holy Cows！
北京两头转基因克隆牛满周岁 吃青草蛋糕庆生
Beijing two cloned transgenic cows eat grass year old birthday cake
2013年07月11日 11:12:03 来源： 北京青年报
.xinhuanet
“萌萌”和“妞妞”吃“青草蛋糕”庆祝生日摄影/记者 耿蕾
”Meng Meng“ and "Niu Niu" eat "grass cake" birthday （Photography / Reporter Geng Lei）
一年前出生在北京农学院实验基地的两头转基因克隆肉牛“萌萌”和“妞妞”昨天迎来了1周岁生日。系上大红花的两头牛享受了农学院师生为它俩特制的“苜蓿青草生日蛋糕”。这是本市首对通过转基因克隆技术孕育的肉牛。一年来，它俩不仅健康成长，长成了三四百公斤的大牛，而且通过了科学考验——经国际权威机构检测，两头牛转入的大理石花纹状肉质基因没有发生基因突变或漂移。
昨天上午，记者在大兴的牛棚里看到，“萌萌”和“妞妞”已经不是一年前较弱的样子了——“萌萌”去年7月19日出生时只有21公斤，还因为出生后被代孕母牛弃养，所以营养不良，被北农的学生“牛爸”们用进口奶粉养大，如今已经长到307公斤；“妞妞”去年8月1日出生时50公斤，如今已是403公斤的“大妞”。两头牛满3个月后就状态稳定，身体健康。因此，前三个月24小时在牛棚里看护它们的北京农学院(以下简称北农
研究生团队早已撤出，只需每个月来为它们体检一次。
转基因牛项目执行人、北农教授倪和民告诉记者，普通秦川牛成长过程中平均每天增重1至1.5公斤，“萌萌”和“妞妞”如今每天增重1.8公斤左右。它们不仅生长发育良好，各项指标正常，而且经美国Invitrogeng公司、中科院动物研究所检测证明，转入其胚胎的A-FABP基因，即能够使其脂肪均匀分布，呈雪花状的“脂肪性脂肪酸结合蛋白基因”已经成功转入其基因组中，并稳定整合。通过对血液和粪便的定期检测表明，它们的肠道微生物菌群及寄生虫与正常牛一致，没有突变或基因漂移发生。此外，它俩的代孕母牛、与它俩共同饲喂的两头普通犊牛也都没有外源基因漂移发生。
现场
青草蛋糕庆祝一周岁
在“萌萌”还是胚胎的时候，研究生刘一飞就当上它的“牛爸”了。昨天，刘一飞一出现在牛棚，“萌萌”就蹭过来，徘徊在他身边舔他的手。轻挠着它的脖子，这个20多岁的小伙子一脸“慈父”的表情。
为两头即将成年的牛戴上用来检测生理指标的黄色“耳标”后，生日蛋糕搬来了。直径约1米、分2层的蛋糕用苜蓿、青草搭成，里面拌了玉米面，上面还用花生、黑豆装饰，并用红豆拼出“生日快乐”。“萌萌”和“妞妞”一看就来了精神，众人还没唱完生日歌，它们就埋头大吃起来。连“妞妞”的妈妈在隔壁牛圈哞哞直叫，呼唤它去吃奶，都不理睬了。
链接
二代转基因克隆肉牛开始“孕育”
两头母牛“萌萌”和“妞妞”已经性成熟，并将在一两个月后达到成年。记者昨天从北京农学院获悉，科研团队已经开始“孕育”下一代转基因克隆肉牛，这次的目标是公牛。经过几代杂交、配种以后，才能知道转基因克隆肉牛能否自体繁殖，并把大理石花纹状肉质基因遗传下去。
北农的倪和民教授告诉记者，科研团队正在用和当年克隆“萌萌”和“妞妞”一样的方法——将A-FABP基因转入秦川牛的胎儿成纤维细胞内，再用体细胞克隆技术，把含A-FABP的纤维细胞注射到成熟的去核卵子内，使其体外发育成重构胚胎，最后把胚胎移植进同期发育的母牛子宫内“代孕”。“已经有两头母牛了，这次我们要的是公牛，目标是在3年内产出20头。”
6个月后，“萌萌”和“妞妞”将与普通秦川牛杂交，看下一代是否携带A-FABP基因；然后，转基因克隆出的公牛也将与普通秦川牛杂交。最后，都携带A-FABP基因的转基因克隆肉牛将共同繁育下一代，看其后代是否携带A-FABP基因。等到能够实现规模化养殖，还需要十几年时间。“老百姓要想吃我们国产的雪花牛肉，恐怕还得多等等。”倪和民教授说。
“牛爸”刘一飞日记摘录
Beijing two cloned transgenic cows eat grass year old birthday cake
July 11, 2013 11:12:03 Source: Beijing Youth Daily 4
A year ago was born in Beijing Agricultural Experiment Base two transgenic cloned cattle "Meng Meng" and "Niu Niu" Yesterday ushered in a birthday. Fasten the flower two cows enjoy Agronomy students as Talia special "birthday cake alfalfa grass." This is the city's first cloned transgenic technology through breeding beef cattle. Over the past year, Talia is not only healthy growth, grew into three four hundred kilograms of cattle, but also through a scientific test - by the international authoritative organization, two cow-shaped fleshy marbling transferred gene mutation did not occur or drift.
Yesterday morning, the reporter saw in Daxing bullpen, "Meng Meng" and "Niu Niu" has been weaker than a year ago look like a - "Moe Moe" was born on July 19 last year, when only 21 kg, but also because of birth surrogate cows after abandonment, so malnourished, were Beinong students "cow dad" who was raised with imported milk powder, has now grown to 307 kg; "Niu Niu" was born on August 1 last year, when 50 kilograms, now is 403 kg of the "big girl." Two cows at least 3 months after the steady state, the body is healthy. Therefore, the first three months of 24 hours in the bullpen care of their Beijing Agricultural College (hereinafter referred to as Beinong) graduate student team had to withdraw, just come to their medical examination once a month.
Transgenic cattle project executors, Beinong Professor Ni and China, told reporters that ordinary process of growth per day Qinchuan weight gain 1 to 1.5 kilograms, "Meng Meng" and "Niu Niu" Today daily weight gain of 1.8 kg or so. Not only are they good growth, the indicators of normal, and by the United States Invitrogeng company, Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Zoology, testing proved that their embryos transferred to A-FABP genes that enable it to fat evenly distributed, was snow-like "fatty acids binding protein "has been successfully transferred to its genome and stable integration. Through regular testing of blood and feces that their intestinal microflora and parasites consistent with normal bovine, no mutations or genetic drift occurs. In addition, Talia surrogate cows, together with Talia ordinary calves fed two exogenous genes are also not drift occurs.
In the "Moe Moe" or embryo, when it became a graduate student Liu Yifei its "cow dad" was. Yesterday, Liu Yifei appeared in the bullpen, "Meng Meng" Just rub over, hovering around him lick his hand. Light scratching its neck, the 20-year-old boy look "fatherly" look.
Coming of age for the two cows used to detect physiological wear yellow "ear tag", the birthday cake moved up. Diameter of about one meter, 2 layer cake with alfalfa, grass barricaded inside a cornmeal mix, which also use peanuts, black beans decorated with red beans spell out "Happy Birthday." "Meng Memg" and "Niu Niu" one look to the spirit, not the crowd sang the birthday song, they buried suck up. Even the "Niu Niu" mother in the next rodeo moo whining, calling it to go to nurse, do not ignore it.
Two cows "Meng Meng" and "Niu Niu" sexually mature, and in a couple months after reaching adulthood. Reporters learned yesterday from Beijing Agricultural College, the research team has begun to "nurture" the next generation of transgenic cloned cattle, this goal is bull. After several generations of hybridization, breeding later in order to know whether autologous transgenic cloned cattle breeding and the genetic marbling shaped fleshy go.
Beinong Ni and China professor told reporters, the research team is using and then clone "Meng Meng" and "Niu Niu" the same way - the A-FABP gene into Qinchuan fetal fibroblast cells, and then cells cloning technology, the A-FABP fibers containing cells were injected into an enucleated egg maturation within the reconstructed embryos develop into them in vitro, the final year of the embryo into the uterus developmental cow "surrogate." "There have been two cows, and this time we want the bull, the goal is output 20 in three years."
Six months later, "Meng Meng" and "Niu Niu" ordinary Qinchuan will hybridize to see whether they carry the next generation of A-FABP gene; Then, transgenic cloned out of the Bulls will also work with ordinary Qinchuan hybridization. Finally, are carrying A-FABP gene cloned transgenic cattle breeding the next generation will work together to see whether they carry their offspring A-FABP gene. Wait until able to achieve large-scale farming, but also ten years time. "The people want to eat beef, we made a snowflake, I am afraid, and so much more." Said Professor Ni and China.
(Reporter "Cow Dad" Liu Yifei)
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中国农业大学 China Agricultural University
烟台校园 Yantai Campus
