China Outer Space Science, Technology and Explorations: News & Updates

[JSCh]

China to send over 50 spacecraft into space via over 30 launches in 2019
Source: Xinhua| 2019-01-30 00:22:18|Editor: Liangyu

BEIJING, Jan. 29 (Xinhua) -- China is going to send more than 50 spacecraft into space via over 30 launches this year, according to the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) on Tuesday.

The major missions include the third Long March-5 large carrier rocket to be launched in July, said Yang Baohua, vice president of the CASC, at a press conference.

The second Long March-5 rocket was launched from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in the southern province of Hainan on July 2, 2017, but a malfunction happened less than six minutes after its liftoff.

The cause of the failure has been found, Yang said.

If the third flight is successful, the fourth Long March-5 carrier rocket will be tasked to send the Chang'e-5 lunar probe to the moon to bring lunar samples back to Earth at the end of 2019, he said.

More details about the Chang'e-5 probe were also unveiled at the press conference.

The probe will first enter the Earth-moon transfer orbit. It will then slow near the moon to enter the lunar orbit and descend and land on a pre-selected area for ground research work, including collecting lunar samples, said Peng Jing, deputy chief designer of the probe from the China Academy of Space Technology.

After finishing its work on the moon, the ascender will rise from the lunar surface for rendezvous and docking with the orbiter flying around the moon. Then the returner will fly back to Earth via the Earth-moon transfer orbit, reenter the atmosphere and land at the Siziwang Banner (County) of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Peng said.

The lunar samples taken back by the Chang'e-5 probe will be sealed in a container and sent to labs for further analysis and research, he added.

The probe can be divided into 15 sub-systems, including structure, thermal control, antenna, sample collecting and sealing and propulsion. It is composed of an orbiter, a returner, a lander and an ascender.

In addition, joint tests and exercises will be carried out in the Wenchang Space Launch Center at the end of 2019 to make preparations for the maiden flight of the Long March-5B, which will help lay the groundwork for the construction of the space station, said Shang Zhi, director of the Department of Space under CASC.

A test version of the Long March-5B carrier rocket, which will serve China's manned space exploration mission, is now under development, and the research and development of the core module of the country's space station have carried on as planned, Shang said.

The Long March-5B rocket, with a low-Earth orbit carrying capacity greater than 22 tonnes, will be used to launch the core module and experiment modules of China's space station in the future.

China will also send 10 satellites to join the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) through seven separate launches this year, which will help complete the BDS global network by 2020, Shang said.

According to the Blue Book of China Aerospace Science and Technology Activities released at the press conference, a total of 18 BeiDou satellites were launched in 2018, marking the completion of the BDS-3 primary system. The navigation system has started to provide global service.

China will also launch a new Earth observation satellite, Gaofen-7, and witness its first sea-launch by the Long March-11 rocket, Shang added.

 

[JSCh]

https://twitter.com/x/status/1050045271265153024

Cees Bassa‏ @cgbassa
Replying to @cgbassa @tammojan and
Our precious Earth and the lunar farside as seen with the #DSLWP-B lunar orbiter! This is the full color adjusted image received by radio amateurs, including @radiotelescoop (operated by @tammojan and myself). Commands were created by @bg2bhc and uplinked by Reinhard DK5LA.

11:27 PM - 10 Oct 2018

https://twitter.com/x/status/1092393975422615552

 

[JSCh]

PUBLIC RELEASE: 4-FEB-2019
The Milky Way in a twist
CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES HEADQUARTERS

Artist's impression of the warped and twisted Milky Way disk. CREDIT: CHEN Xiaodian

Our Milky Way galaxy's disk of stars is anything but stable and flat. Instead, it becomes increasingly 'warped' and twisted far away from the Milky Way's center, according to astronomers from National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC).

From a great distance, our galaxy would look like a thin disk of stars that orbit once every few hundred million years around its central region, where hundreds of billions of stars, together with a huge mass of dark matter, provide the gravitational 'glue' to hold it all together.

But the pull of gravity becomes weaker far away from the Milky Way's inner regions. In the galaxy's far outer disk, the hydrogen atoms making up most of the Milky Way's gas disk are no longer confined to a thin plane, but they give the disk an S-like warped appearance.

"It is notoriously difficult to determine distances from the Sun to parts of the Milky Way's outer gas disk without having a clear idea of what that disk actually looks like," says Dr. CHEN Xiaodian, a researcher at NAOC and lead author of the article published in Nature Astronomy on Feb. 4.

"However, we recently published a new catalogue of well-behaved variable stars known as classical Cepheids, for which distances as accurate as 3 to 5% can be determined." That database allowed the team to develop the first accurate three-dimensional picture of our Milky Way out to its far outer regions.

Classical Cepheids are young stars that are some four to 20 times as massive as our Sun and up to 100,000 times as bright. Such high stellar masses imply that they live fast and die young, burning through their nuclear fuel very quickly, sometimes in only a few million years. They show day- to month-long pulsations, which are observed as changes in their brightness. Combined with a Cepheid's observed brightness, its pulsation period can be used to obtain a highly reliable distance.

"Somewhat to our surprise, we found that in 3D our collection of 1339 Cepheid stars and the Milky Way's gas disk follow each other closely. This offers new insights into the formation of our home galaxy," says Prof. Richard de Grijs from Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia, and senior co-author of the paper. "Perhaps more importantly, in the Milky Way's outer regions, we found that the S-like stellar disk is warped in a progressively twisted spiral pattern."

This reminded the team of earlier observations of a dozen other galaxies which also showed such progressively twisted spiral patterns. "Combining our results with those other observations, we concluded that the Milky Way's warped spiral pattern is most likely caused by 'torques' - or rotational forcing - by the massive inner disk," says Dr. LIU Chao, senior researcher and co-author of the paper.

"This new morphology provides a crucial updated map for studies of our galaxy's stellar motions and the origins of the Milky Way's disk," says Dr. DENG Licai, senior researcher at NAOC and co-author of the paper.

Top: 3D distribution of the classical Cepheids in the Milky Way's warped disk. Lower: Precession of the warp's line of nodes with Galactocentric radius. CREDIT: CHEN Xiaodian

​

The Milky Way in a twist | EurekAlert! Science News

Xiaodian Chen, Shu Wang, Licai Deng, Richard de Grijs, Chao Liu & Hao Tian. An intuitive 3D map of the Galactic warp’s precession traced by classical Cepheids. Nature Astronomy (2019). DOI: 10.1038/s41550-018-0686-7​

 

[JSCh]

China's First Space Solar Power Plant Test Site to Land in Chongqing
LIAO SHUMIN
DATE : DEC 07 2018/SOURCE : YICAI

China's First Space Solar Power Plant Test Site to Land in Chongqing​

(Yicai Global) Dec. 7 -- The government of Chongqing Bishan District, Chongqing University, China Academy of Space Technology-Xi'an Institute of Space Radio Technology and Xi'an Electronic Science and Technology University signed an agreement yesterday to break ground on the first test site of a space-based solar power plant.

The area covers about 33 acres, including about 17.5 acres of core test grounds, state Xinhua News Agency reported.

Construction will run from next year to 2020, during which time the parties will invest CNY200 million (USD29 million) to erect an experimental launch area, balloon platform and other facilities, and carry out tests of energy transfers with microwaves on a platform floating at a height of between 50 and 300 meters.

The parties will also build small and mid-sized stratospheric solar power stations and realize grid-connected electricity generation from 2021 to 2025. Work on a large-scale space-based solar power plant will start after 2025.

The concept of a space-based solar power plant is that of a power-generation system comprising solar power stations fixed in Earth's orbit, which send electricity to the planet below via wireless connections. Unlike ground facilities, space-based solar power stations are not subject to day and night, weather and other natural factors and thus feature a higher solar energy utilization rate.

China, the US, Japan and others have proposed solar power plants in space, with all in the basic research phase, said Bao Weimin, an academician with the Chinese Academy of Sciences and director of the Science and Technology Committee of Beijing-based China Aerospace Science and Technology.

A solar power plant perched in the ether needs to solve the key problems of how to transport power generation equipment into geosynchronous orbit with large carrier rockets, assemble it in space and generate electricity, and how to transfer electricity to the ground while ensuring the security of equipment operation and environment safety.

"These three issues are still under fundamental exploration," Bao said.

Plans for first Chinese solar power station in space revealed

Kirsty Needham
February 15, 2019 — 1.16pm

Beijing: China is taking its renewable energy push to new heights, with scientists revealing plans to build the first solar power station in space.

A solar power station orbiting the earth at 36,000 kilometres could tap the energy of the sun's rays without interference from the atmosphere, or seasonal and night-time loss of sunlight, Chinese media reported.

Construction of an early experimental space power plant has begun in the inland city of Chongqing, China's Science and Technology Daily reported on its front page.



Continue reading -> China reveals plans for first solar power station in space | The Sydney Morning Herald

 

[JSCh]

China to launch first rocket for commercial missions in H1
By Chen Liubing | chinadaily.com.cn | Updated: 2019-02-18 11:24

A file photo shows a Long March 3B carrier rocket lifting off from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan province to place two Beidou navigation satellites in orbit. [Photo/VCG]

China will launch its first rocket for commercial missions, the Jielong (Smart Dragon) 1, in the first half of the year, according to the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, cnr.cn reported.

Unlike the current Long March rockets, those for commercial missions in China are referred to as the Dragon series.

China completed 39 space launch missions last year, ranking No 1 among the 114 total space missions launched globally, which indicates an enhanced space launch capability, said Yang Baohua, deputy general manager of the CASC.

In addition, the initial experiment for rocket reuse technology has been completed, said Tang Yagang, president of Chinarocket Co Ltd under the CASC.

Tang said the company is accelerating the development of rocket reuse technology, including the retrieval of rockets by vertical as well as horizontal takeoffs and landings.

With trials in different technical routes, rocket reuse technology is expected to be realized in the next two to three years, Tang added.

According to Wu Yanhua, deputy head of the China National Space Administration, China's advanced technologies for the lunar probe project have great potential and conversion value to serve common people in the future.

"Open minds are needed in the next steps of the lunar probe and exploration missions of Mars and deep space," Wu said, adding that social and international capital are welcomed, since these are missions for all of humankind.

 

[cirr]

PLA welcomes launches of private rockets

2019-02-18 08:30:21 China Daily Editor : Li Yan

The privately-owned tech company i-Space uses its own carrier rocket to launch three satellites into space from the Gobi Desert in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China on Sept 5, 2018. (Photo by Chen Xiao/chinadaily.com.cn)

The People's Liberation Army has opened one of its space launch facilities to private rocket companies in China, a major step in its efforts to implement President Xi Jinping's civil-military integration strategy.

The Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, China's primary launch facility in the northwestern Gobi Desert, has hosted the launches of three privately built rockets since early September, when it first opened its doors to private enterprises. Officials at the center say it plans to support more private rocket missions.

Ji Duo, the center's Party chief, told Xinhua News Agency recently that carrying out launches of privately made rockets is what a world-class space center is supposed to do, and Jiuquan is willing to put privately funded missions on its launch agenda.

Jia Lide, planning chief at the launch center, said favorable policies and targeted measures have been created for the benefit of private space enterprises. The center has also set up a dedicated support system for such activities.

Xi, who is also chairman of the Central Military Commission, has repeatedly urged China's space industry to take the lead in the implementation of the civil-military integration strategy.

During his meetings in recent years at annual sessions of the National People's Congress with deputies from the PLA, the president asked them to fully understand and promote the strategy.

Xi ordered military personnel to be open-minded and share their research and development resources with others. Closed-door research and monopolies must be torn down to optimize the use of resources and stimulate innovation and public interest in defense technology, he said.

Civil-military integration has been listed as a national strategy and a priority on the government's agenda since Xi was elected the Party's top leader in 2012. It usually refers to military and defense industries transferring technologies to the civilian sector, and including private companies on the military's list of suppliers.

Three Beijing-based private space startups－OneSpace, i-Space and LandSpace－each launched a rocket from the Jiuquan center last year.

Both LandSpace and i-Space plan to launch at least one carrier rocket from the center this year.

China expects to launch at least 37 rockets this year, more than any other country. It led the world in launching rockets into orbit for the first time last year.

 

[Galactic Penguin SST]

Hurry-up Mr. Xi Jinping, for H.E. Kim Jong Un is not going to remain a passive onlooker, but will clean sweep all the lunar rare earth mineral ore reserve for the DPRK!

Spoiler: Links

https://www.stephangladieu.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/sg_north-korea_42.jpg
https://www.stephangladieu.fr/article-08-fr/

▲ Flashforward: Pyongyang No. 1 Senior-middle School, October 2017.

Spoiler: Links

https://www.stephangladieu.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/sg_north-korea_50.jpg
https://www.stephangladieu.fr/article-08-fr/

▲ Flashforward: Pyongyang Munsu water Park, June 2017.

Spoiler: Links

https://defence.pk/pdf/attachments/...7/?temp_hash=f0696981e316a621e41a6aa89fd1d229
http://www.jokeitup.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/5/files/2015/03/North-Korea.jpg
http://www.jokeitup.com/funny/north-korea-2/

▲ All the lunar rare earth mineral reserve belongs to North Korea!

Spoiler: Links

https://cdn2.img.sputniknews.com/images/106629/52/1066295218.jpg

▲ Then...

Spoiler: Links

https://ei.marketwatch.com/Multimedia/2017/01/20/Photos/ZH/MW-FE149_trump__20170120130228_ZH.jpg

▲ And now...

Spoiler: Links

http://afpbb.ismcdn.jp/mwimgs/5/1/810x540/img_510a188b07844f93473b11eb4d69b8ce139462.jpg
http://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/3203663?pid=20816409

▲ One less hurdle: Never play Kim Jong Un.

Commentary

Let us dare a dream of a true scientific first for China, by sending a Quantum Communication Satellite (量子通讯卫星) at the Lagrange Point 2 to replace the Queqiao radio communication relay satellite (鹊桥).

By performing supraluminal speed transmission between China Mission Control on Earth, and the Yutu-2 rover, instead of the 1.7 seconds Earth-Moon radio communications delay.

Spoiler: Yutu-2 to MC Time Delay

(total Yutu to Quantumsat to Earth distance) = (L2 to Moon distance) x 2 + (Moon to Earth average distance)
65,000 kilometres x 2 + 384,400 km = 514,400 km

(total Yutu to Quantumsat to Earth distance)/c = time delay
514,400 km / 299,792 Kmps = 1.7 second delay

While the delay for direct Earth-Moon communications is about 1.25 second

Scientists found that when two entangled particles are separated, one particle can somehow affect the action of the far-off twin instantly, which is what Albert Einstein described as a "spooky action at a distance."

This simply means there might be a still to discover unknown particle responsible for the entanglement, like the mesotron aka pi meson as the carrier of the nuclear force that holds atomic nuclei together, or the electron in the electromagnetic force. And with a supraluminal speed!

For more clarity, I called it the Mallima Particle (만리마자, 萬里马子: 10 thousands li horse, a mythical Korean winged horse able to gallop ten thousand li (approximately 4'000 km) in a single day).

According to Prof. Juan Yin and colleagues at the University of Science and Technology of China in Shanghai, that has determined a lower bound on how fast it must be, the answer is that it is at least four orders of magnitude faster than light.

Spoiler: Links

https://exploredprk.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/32.jpg
http://
[English] Moranbong Band - We Are Mallima Riders «우리는 만리마기수»
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UauA6UGpiig

Did you ride the Mallima steed 你是否跨上万里马？ Juche 105 (2016)
https://exploredprk.com/posters/did-you-ride-the-mallima-steed/

▲ The hypothetical Mallima Particle, responsible of the entanglement interaction.

 

[JSCh]

Stunning space image from post-90s students' satellite
By Cao Zinan | chinadaily.com.cn | Updated: 2019-02-20 15:18

A screenshot of Science magazine.​

Some Chinese students born in 1990s created a microsatellite that took a stunning picture of the moon and the Earth in space, an image praised as one of the best of the two celestial bodies and one that Science magazine also used.

The photograph of the moon and the Earth in the latest issue of Science on Friday was done by the camera on Longjiang 2, a microsatellite developed by students at the Harbin Institute of Technology in Northeast China's Heilongjiang province.

Before its publication in the leading scientific journal, the picture had been widely circulated on mainstream media worldwide, with some foreign media outlets even praising it as one of the best photos of the moon and the Earth so far.

Wei Mingchuan, born in 1991, was the chief designer responsible for the sub-system of Longjiang 2, a microsatellite launched last year together with Queqiao, the relay satellite for the Chang'e 4 lunar probe.

A photo of Wei Mingchuan (front right).​

Wei successfully developed LilacSat 1 -- the country's first microsatellite independently designed, developed and controlled by students -- and has been dubbed China's "youngest chief designer", despite being the oldest in his team.

Tai Mier, one of Wei's team members who was born in 1996, designed the camera on Longjiang 2 that captured the amazing picture of the moon and the Earth. Tai was only 20 years old when work on the project began.

The youngest member in the team is 20-year-old Huang Jiahe, who handled software design for the Longjiang 2 ground station.

Beginning in primary school, Huang would buy all kinds of electronic components and parts. At first, he just simply disassembled and assembled the parts, but now he can design and create things. This young man, considered a genius by some, said that he is just curious and passionate about aerospace technology.

In their dormitory, aerospace-related items are everywhere. A postcard on the wall is printed with the words "we were born for our dreams", a reminder that the future has just begun for this youngest team of the Chang'e 4 mission.

A postcard in their dormitory reads "we were born for our dreams".
​

 

[Galactic Penguin SST]

Hurry-up Mr. Xi Jinping, for H.E. Kim Jong Un is not going to remain a passive onlooker, but will clean sweep all the lunar rare earth mineral ore reserve for the DPRK!

Spoiler: Links

https://www.stephangladieu.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/sg_north-korea_42.jpg
https://www.stephangladieu.fr/article-08-fr/

▲ Flashforward: Pyongyang No. 1 Senior-middle School, October 2017.

Spoiler: Links

https://www.stephangladieu.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/sg_north-korea_50.jpg
https://www.stephangladieu.fr/article-08-fr/

▲ Flashforward: Pyongyang Munsu water Park, June 2017.

Spoiler: Links

https://defence.pk/pdf/attachments/...7/?temp_hash=f0696981e316a621e41a6aa89fd1d229
http://www.jokeitup.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/5/files/2015/03/North-Korea.jpg
http://www.jokeitup.com/funny/north-korea-2/

▲ All the lunar rare earth mineral reserve belongs to North Korea!

Spoiler: Links

https://cdn2.img.sputniknews.com/images/106629/52/1066295218.jpg

▲ Then...

Spoiler: Links

https://ei.marketwatch.com/Multimedia/2017/01/20/Photos/ZH/MW-FE149_trump__20170120130228_ZH.jpg

▲ And now...

Spoiler: Links

http://afpbb.ismcdn.jp/mwimgs/5/1/810x540/img_510a188b07844f93473b11eb4d69b8ce139462.jpg
http://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/3203663?pid=20816409

▲ One less hurdle: Never play Kim Jong Un.

Chinese Deep Space Exploration


Moon

2007: Chang'e-1 Orbiter
2010: Chang'e-2 Orbiter
2013: Chang'e-3 Softlanding, Rover
2018: Chang'e-4 Lander and Rover, Exploration of Far side of the Moon
2019: Chang'e-5 Return sample (in Oceanus Procellarum and collect 2 kilograms of regolith)
2024: Chang'e-6 Return sample (Exploration of South Pole of the Moon?)

Mars

2011: Yinghuo-1 Mars orbiter (failed)
2020: Orbiter (1 Martian Year), landing, cruising (90 Martian days for Rover)
2028: Sample Return (3 years mission)

Asteroids

2012: Chang'e-2 flyby of asteroid 4179 Toutatis
2024: Flying by, touch down or sample return; 2-3 asteroids explorations in one mission

Jupiter

2030: Orbiter launch

Arrival at Jupiter and its satellites by 2036

Saturn

Arrival at Saturn by 2045

Uranus

Arrival at Uranus by 2048

Spoiler: Links

https://defence.pk/pdf/attachments/...7/?temp_hash=c22f0c51a629a4bec70fbe7dcd26c6fc
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DbE7UofVQAA4J7E.jpg

▲ Chinese Deep Space Exploration

China's Deep Space Quantum Communications Capability V1.1

First posted 19 February 2019; Updated 20 February 2019

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. China's First Lunar Quantum Communications Relay Satellite
2.1. Behind The Quantum Communications: Quantum Entanglement
3. China's First Martian Quantum Communications Relay Satellite
3.1. China's Quantum Communications Optical Satellite
3.2. China's Basic Martian Quantum Communications Relay Satellites Array
3.3. China's 24/7/365 Martian Quantum Communications Relay Satellites Network
4. China's New Space Silk Road

Introduction

Although China's development is catching up very fast with the U.S. in the fields of economy, infrastructures, telecommunications, land and air transportations, green technologies, biosciences, societal development, counter insurgency A.I., conventional and unconventional military, fundamental research, applied research, sci-fi movies, etc, there is still a need to achieve genuine strings of world's first and not isolated ones, before China could officially supersede the 20th century's Pax Americana.

With each passing days, we are more and more likely to witness within our lifetime the dawn of this new China Century or Pax Sinica.

With its current first world reserve of rare earth mineral, China could definitely put and end to the U.S. hegemony by securing the access to the North Korean rare earth that even surpass the Chinese's by fivefold. Having exhausted their rare earth mineral ore reserve during the Cold War, both the U.S.S.R. and the U.S. can no longer sustain the same pace in the hightech race with China, in the field of supercomputers, semiconductor microchips, lasers, smartphones, radars, missiles, particle accelerators, satellites, etc..

Spoiler: Links

https://defence.pk/pdf/attachments/...7/?temp_hash=2bc8a8e641ac0d14fc258c0fd24bc06c
http://
http://

▲ First world's reserve of Rare Earth Elements in the DPRK.

The establishment of the world's first deep space quantum communications network might give China a true cutting edge over the ailing U.S., as a new Space Silk Road.

The economic benefits even dwarfing those of the ancient Silk Road.

2. China's First Lunar Quantum Communications Relay Satellite

By sending a Quantum Communications Satellite (量子通讯卫星) at the Earth-Moon L2 lagrange point halo orbit to replace the Queqiao radio communication relay satellite (鹊桥), would be a true scientific first for both China and the world.

By performing supraluminal speed transmissions between China Mission Control on Earth, and the Quantum Communications Relay Satellite, then relaying radio data link to the Yutu-2 rover, would allow to shorten the U.S.' 1.7 seconds Earth-Moon radio communications delay.

Spoiler: Yutu-2 to MC Time Delay

(total Yutu to Quantumsat to Earth distance) = (L2 to Moon distance) x 2 + (Moon to Earth average distance)
65,000 kilometres x 2 + 384,400 km = 514,400 km

(total Yutu to Quantumsat to Earth distance)/c = time delay
514,400 km / 299,792 Kmps = 1.7 second delay

While the delay for direct Earth-Moon communications is about 1.25 second

2.1. Behind The Quantum Communications: Quantum Entanglement

Scientists found that when two entangled particles are separated, one particle can somehow affect the action of the far-off twin instantly, which is what Albert Einstein described as a "spooky action at a distance."

This simply means there might be a still to discover unknown particle responsible for the entanglement, like the mesotron aka pi meson as the carrier of the nuclear strong force that holds atomic nuclei together, or the photon in the electromagnetic force. And with a supraluminal speed!

For more clarity, I called it the Mallima Particle (만리마자, 萬里马子: 10 thousands li horse, a mythical Korean winged horse able to gallop ten thousand li (approximately 5'000 km) in a single day).

According to Prof. Juan Yin and colleagues at the University of Science and Technology of China in Shanghai, that has determined a lower bound on how fast it must be, the answer is that it is at least four orders of magnitude faster than light.

Spoiler: Links

https://exploredprk.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/32.jpg
http://
[English] Moranbong Band - We Are Mallima Riders «우리는 만리마기수»
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UauA6UGpiig

Did you ride the Mallima steed 你是否跨上万里马？ Juche 105 (2016)
https://exploredprk.com/posters/did-you-ride-the-mallima-steed/

▲ The hypothetical Mallima Particle, responsible of the entanglement interaction.

3. China's First Martian Quantum Communications Relay Satellite

The next incremental step would be to expand this near-earth short-range communications system to our next planet, on the occasion of China's 2020 first Mars lander and rover mission.

The new challenges encountered in this phase are certainly amongst the most critical technological hurdles, that only a few world superpower could overcome.

Repeating the Lunar mission by simply sending a Quantum Communications Relay Satellite around Mars would not suffice. Single entangled photons would be too difficult to detect from Earth mainly for two reasons.


3.1. China's Quantum Communications Optical Satellite

The distance from Mars to Earth being the first factor, thus requiring the use of the world largest ever orbital Quantum Communications optical system to be used. This would in addition allow to avoid atmospheric distortion, scattering and absorption from the earth's atmosphere.

After detecting the incoming single entangled photons sent from Mars orbit, the earth's orbital Quantum Communications optical system would relay the data to ground MC, with another separate stream of entangled photons, or simply radiowaves as emergency slower backup system.

A CZ-5 Heavy space launcher will be mandatory for such a payload, with its 4.03 meters primary mirror made of silicon carbide designed by Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics.

Spoiler: Links

http://news.cnr.cn/native/city/20180821/W020180821598981263327.png
http://
https://lt.cjdby.net/thread-2494272-1-1.html
http://news.cnr.cn/native/city/20180821/t20180821_524338099.shtml

▲ The high-precision silicon carbide aspheric mirror with a diameter of 4.03 meters developed by the Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the largest single-crystal silicon carbide mirror in the world. 2018-08-21

3.2. China's Basic Martian Quantum Communications Relay Satellites Array

Detecting the incoming single entangled photons sent from Mars orbit, is made difficult, as earth stations, could not be able to distinguish them from the background photons from the luminous Martian disk.

Therefore the distance of the Quantum Communications Relay Satellite to the Martian surface should be far enought to have a darker background.

This could be done by sending the said Quantum Communications Relay Satellite to a far enought Mars L1 Lagrangian Point halo orbit at some 1'082'311 km.

As the line of sight might be lost due to the diurnal rotation of Mars, an array of Quantum Communications Relay Satellites might be necessary, with at least a second one at the Mars L2 Lagrangian Point halo orbit.


3.3. China's 24/7/365 Martian Quantum Communications Relay Satellites Network

Martian Quantum Communications satellites inserted in stable orbits around the Lagrangian points could be extended to include the L4 and L5 points to allow communication even when Mars is in conjunction, thus completing a long-term nodes of communication between Earth and Mars.

Spoiler: Links

https://marspedia.org/images/4/44/Lagrange.png
http://
https://marspedia.org/Lagrangian_point

▲ The gravitationally stable points for the Mars-Sun system. The Lagrange points L1 to L5 are listed.

4. China's New Space Silk Road

For completing a Quantum Communications satellites nework that covers all the Solar System, needed to support China's deep space exploration and development, as well as its expending extraterrestrial rare earth exploitation, that will include asteroids, and the worlds of the gas giant planets, the above-described combination of space platforms would need to be multiplied.
The "Made in China" real time communication throughout our solar system.

Spoiler: Links

https://defence.pk/pdf/attachments/...7/?temp_hash=c22f0c51a629a4bec70fbe7dcd26c6fc
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DbE7UofVQAA4J7E.jpg

▲ Chinese Deep Space Exploration: Arrival at Uranus by 2048.

Spoiler: Links

http://s3.sinaimg.cn/bmiddle/003K82UIzy78g216MM202&690
[转载]送你罕见年画
2017-01-20 23:12阅读：4
http://blog.sina.cn/dpool/blog/s/blog_46e151d90102xdma.html
https://cdn.rouding.com/imagesrc-s/jpg/201307-31-22155429564-t.jpg
https://www.rouding.com/minjianyishu/nianhua/94282.html
http://image.thepaper.cn/www/image/5/457/721.jpg
https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1611560

▲ Original 1970s poster, flashforward of China Deep Space Rare Earth Exploitation.

 

[JSCh]

Merging neutron stars produce a jet of material visible from Earth.

BY ROBERT LEA
21ST FEBRUARY 2019

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Using a global network of telescopes, astronomers have observed a jet of material moving at near-light speed ejected from two merging neutron stars.

Astronomers have used a global network of telescopes to spot a compact jet of material moving at near-light speed after being ejected from merging neutron stars – known as the neutron star merger event GW170817 – in a galaxy 130 million-light-years away.

The collision has already been detected on Earth as a result of gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation it also emitted being detected back in August 2017.

Artist’s impression of a jet similar to that ejected by merging neutron stars. The jet is produced by the black hole, surrounded by a hot disc, which was formed after the merger. (O.S. Salafia, G. Ghirlanda, NASA/CXC/GSFC/B. Williams et al)

The first few days of emissions suggested it was produced by a kilonova, a radioactive-decay-powered emission originating from the material ejected during and after the merger. However, in the weeks following the initial detection, increasing X-ray and radio emissions were detected, which continued to be observed for several months.

These long-term emissions have been determined to be the afterglow of the merger and it suggests the interaction of a jet of the expanding material interacting with surrounding interstellar gas.

Representation of all radio telescopes that participated in the observation of material ejected by merging neutron stars (Paul Boven)

Giancarlo Ghirlanda and colleagues used an array of 32 radio telescopes – spread over five continents – to observe the radio afterglow 207.4 days after the merger. Using the technique of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), Ghirlanda and the team combined the data from all the telescopes to constrain the source’s angular size. The results indicate that the size and position of the radio source are not compatible with models of a “choked-jet” or “cocoon” scenario as some have suggested.

However, how this afterglow emission was created remains poorly understood, because previous data did not have the necessary resolution to determine the size of the source, according to the authors.

Rather, the data indicate that GW170817 produced a structured jet expanding nearly as fast as the speed of light, which was able to punch through the merger’s surrounding ejecta into interstellar space beyond.

Featured image caption: Artist’s impression of the merger of two neutron stars with all the material expelled into space and the observed jet after breaking through this shell (Beabudei design)

This research appears in the 22 February 2019 issue of Science.


Scisco Media Merging neutron stars - Scisco Media

 

[JSCh]

China Focus: China solicits int'l cooperation experiments on space station
Source: Xinhua| 2018-08-05 21:07:33|Editor: Chengcheng


BEIJING, Aug. 5 (Xinhua) -- China is asking the world to collaborate in experiments on its planned space station so as to promote international space cooperation and sustainable global development.

The Committee on Science and Technology Experiments of the Chinese Space Station was established recently under the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST).

The offer is open to the entire international community. Proposals and projects can be submitted online (www.css-research.cn) and peer-reviewed. The candidate projects will go through to the China Manned Space Agency.

China is accelerating its timetable for the Tiangong space station, with the Tianhe core capsule expected to be launched in 2020. The whole station is due for completion around 2022.

Weighing 66 tonnes, it will comprise Tianhe and the Wentian and Mengtian lab capsules. The station could be enlarged to 180 tonnes if required for scientific research. It could accommodate three to six astronauts and is designed to last at least 10 years, but this could be prolonged through in-orbit maintenance, said Zhou Jianping, chief designer of China's manned space program.

Cargo ships and manned spacecraft will travel from Earth to service the station. Once it's fully commissioned, experiments will be conducted in space.

Its main purpose will be cutting-edge scientific research, including space medicines, space life sciences and biotechnology, material sciences, microgravity basic physics, astronomy and astrophysics, said Zhou.

"We are looking forward to experiments to better sustain space exploration. We also expect China's space station to be an in-space incubator of new technologies that can improve people's lives," said Zhang Hongtai, president of CAST.

CAST might also provide opportunities to conduct some international cooperation experiments on other spacecraft or satellites, said Zhang.

"China is further opening up, and space exploration is a shared challenge for China and other countries. We hope to solicit and evaluate experiments with common international practices, and select the most promising and innovative projects. The research data will be shared by the international community," said Bao Weimin, chairman of the newly established committee and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The committee comprises 14 Chinese scientists, and scientists from other countries are welcome to participate, Bao said. It is based in the Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology under CAST, which focuses on the development of new space technologies.

"We welcome scientists around the globe to submit projects or to become peer-review experts. We hope to have in-depth cooperation," said Chen Hong, head of the Qian Xuesen Laboratory.

"We'd like to provide engineering consultation and support for the international cooperation projects to ensure the implementation of cutting-edge experiments on the space station," said Long Jiang, head of the Institute of Manned Space System Engineering under CAST, the main manufacturer of China's space station.

To stimulate interest in young people and foster their imaginations and creativity, a special program, the Youth Program of Scientific Education Experiment on the Chinese Space Station, was launched at the beginning of 2018.

The program has collected nearly 200 youth education experiments nationwide, and selected a preliminary list of 30 projects. The program is mainly for primary and middle school students. "We also welcome young students from around the world to participate," said Yao Wei, a researcher at the Qian Xuesen Laboratory.

The United Nations/China Cooperation on the Utilization of the China Space Station
The First Announcement of Opportunity for Space Experiments on-board China Space Station

PRELIMINARY EVALUATION AND SELECTION CONCLUDED WITH THE FOLLOWING RESULTS:
(UNOOSA, Vienna, 21 February 2019)

Over the past few months, a total of 42 applications, from organizations in 27 countries, have been received by the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) and carefully evaluated by around 60 experts from UNOOSA, China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) and international space experts, in line with the eligibility and selection criteria outlined in the first Announcement of Opportunity. Based on the results of the evaluation, a comprehensive preliminary selection meeting was held to shortlist proposals.

The selection exercise for this first cycle has been extremely competitive and after careful evaluation of all the applications by the Project Evaluation and Selection Committee (PESC), 18 applications out of the 42 received have been shortlisted for preparing implementation schemes for the final evaluation and selection, the results of which will be announced in June 2019.

The proposed experiment ideas stretch from simple to complex, from space medicine to astrophysical observations - all reflecting the creativity and commitment of the involved scientists from public and private entities in both developing and developed countries.

CMSA announcement: http://www.cmse.gov.cn/art/2019/2/21/art_22_32953.html



Source: http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/psa/hsti/chinaspacestation/1st_cycle_2018.html

 

[JSCh]

China completes design of graphene composite film for light propulsion
By Deyana Goh
May 3, 2018

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China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT), the rocket development arm of the Chinese space programme, revealed that it has designed a graphene composite film suitable for use in light-propelled spacecraft.

This is part of CALT’s research on graphene-based spacecraft propulsion, a new technology that converts light into electrical energy. The method utilizes a technology similar to the solar sail, which was already tested by Japan’s space agency JAXA during its IKAROS mission to Venus. Unlike the solar sail, however, the graphene sail will not use thin-film solar cells, but will instead be covered with graphene film, a two-dimensional material known for its strength and conductivity.

Like the solar sail, graphene-based propulsion will use radiation pressure, making use of solar energy for propulsion. However, according to CALT, research in China has shown that graphene can be up to 1000 times more effective.

Said Song Shenju, from CALT’s R&D centre, “Graphene propulsion will revolutionze the design of propulsion systems, and will open yet another door for humanity to explore outer space. However, the technology is still in its development phase and is still a long way from a prototype.”

The idea of graphene propulsion was first put forward in a paper published in 2015 by researchers from Nankai University, Tianjin. Currently, aside from China, the European Space Agency (ESA) is also researching the idea of graphene solar sails, in collaboration with the Graphene Flagship, a €1 billion EU research initiative.


China completes design of graphene composite film for light propulsion | SpaceTech Asia


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Video from 2015

Chinese engineers look to graphene to drive deep space exploration
Source: Xinhua| 2019-02-24 20:19:51|Editor: ZX

BEIJING, Feb. 24 (Xinhua) -- A two-dimensional form of carbon known as graphene might one day help power space exploration into the unknown universe, say Chinese space engineers.

Graphene, which is just one atom thick, could enable light-powered propulsion technology leading to fuel-free spacecraft.

Traditional spacecraft depend on chemical propellants, and the amount they carry determines how far they can fly, said Song Shengju, the research leader at the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology.

More than 80 percent of the takeoff weight of current carrier rockets is chemical propellants. If spacecraft could travel without fuel, humans could explore much farther into deep space, Song said.

Scientists in other countries have been studying light-powered propulsion technology. There are about 400 billion stars in the galaxy, and their light could become an inexhaustible energy source.

Scientists in Europe, the United States and Japan are developing spacecraft with solar sails made with polyimide film, but the thrust is relatively weak, said Song.

Chinese researchers are developing sails with graphene, one of the strongest and thinnest known materials, which can withstand temperatures over 800 degrees centigrade.

Previous research conducted by Professor Chen Yongsheng, of Nankai University, showed graphene can be driven by various light sources including sunlight, and the thrust generated is 1,000 times higher than that of polyimide film in vacuum conditions.

"It's just the beginning. We need to conduct further research on the mechanisms and properties of the graphene and light-powered spacecraft. If we make breakthroughs in this technology, it would facilitate exploration to the unknown universe," Song said.

 

[JSCh]

Plans for first Chinese solar power station in space revealed

Kirsty Needham
February 15, 2019 — 1.16pm

Beijing: China is taking its renewable energy push to new heights, with scientists revealing plans to build the first solar power station in space.

A solar power station orbiting the earth at 36,000 kilometres could tap the energy of the sun's rays without interference from the atmosphere, or seasonal and night-time loss of sunlight, Chinese media reported.

Construction of an early experimental space power plant has begun in the inland city of Chongqing, China's Science and Technology Daily reported on its front page.



Continue reading -> China reveals plans for first solar power station in space | The Sydney Morning Herald

Scientists envision solar power station in space
By ZHAO LEI | China Daily | Updated: 2019-02-27 07:16

Chinese scientists are exploring the possibility of putting in place a space-based solar power station, a futuristic approach expected to reduce pollution back on Earth and mitigate energy shortfalls.

Xie Gengxin, deputy head of the Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Research Institute for Civil-Military Integration in Southwestern China, said researchers from Chongqing University, the China Academy of Space Technology's Xi'an Branch in Shaanxi province, and Xidian University-also in Xi'an-have begun designs on a testing facility in Chongqing's Bishan district that will be used to test the theoretical viability of a space-based solar power station.

The test facility will occupy 13.3 hectares and demonstrate space transmission technologies while studying the effect of microwaves beamed back to Earth on living organisms. The initial investment of 100 million yuan ($15 million) will be made by the Bishan district government.

Xie added that construction of the base will take one to two years and once it begins operations, scientists and engineers will build tethered balloons equipped with solar panels and use them to verify microwave transmission technologies.

"We plan to launch four to six tethered balloons from the testing base and connect them with each other to set up a network at an altitude of around 1,000 meters," he explained. "These balloons will collect sunlight and convert solar energy to microwave before beaming it back to Earth. Receiving stations on the ground will convert such microwaves to electricity and distribute it to a grid."

If the tests are successful, researchers will launch new tethered balloons to the stratosphere for further tests, he said.

So far, Chinese engineers are able to transmit energy-carrying microwaves over a distance of about just 100 meters, Xie said.

The designer noted that engineers will need to resolve two major technical difficulties-accurate, directed transmission of high-capacity microwaves, and construction of a large space-based power station. He said the size and weight of such a station have yet to be determined because the research is still in a preliminary stage.

"We can use several launches to place components in space and then assemble them into a single station," Xie said.

First proposed in 1968 by Peter Glaser, a late Czech-American scientist and aerospace engineer, the concept of an orbital power plant has been a popular aspiration among spacefaring nations such as the United States and Japan, but has seen little development due to technological and financial hurdles.

Xie said if everything goes well, a Chinese solar power station will be put into orbit about 36,000 kilometers above Earth and start generating power before 2040.

Pang Zhihao, a retired China Academy of Space Technology researcher, said space-based solar power stations are very attractive solutions to pollution and energy shortages.

He explained that a space-based solar power station will be able to collect sunlight around the clock without being affected by factors such as atmosphere and weather. In addition, the power generated in this manner will be pollution-free and limitless, he said, adding this source of energy can also power any spacecraft within its beaming range.

 

[qwerrty]

 

[Galactic Penguin SST]

The Republic Of China (Chinese Taipei) Lunar Exploration Program

This is about the lesser known Republic Of China (R.O.C.) Lunar Exploration Program, as R.O.C. is part of China (P.R.C.).

Space Development Phase 3

Latest update: 2019/02/13 14:56

The Phase 3 plan for space exploration will last for 10 years. From 2019 to 2028, the investment will be NT$25.1 billion.

The space exploration project for Space Development Phase 3 will also develop at least one lunar orbiter.

Lin Junliang said that the First Phase must carry out the design and research of the Lunar Orbiter, and the Second Phase is the Lunar Lander. Since the orbiting the moon is different from the earth low-orbiting satellite, their is needs to have the sound ground communication technology, radiation resistance and orbital manoeuvering foundations.

https://www.cna.com.tw/news/ait/201902130125.aspx
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▲ 1. National Space Organization (NSPO) space development roadmap, 2019-2028.