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Highlights
BACKGROUND
India's NSG bid: China says 'no country can put itself opposite NPT'
Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Lu Kang. (AFP photo)
Highlights
"We have repeatedly stated our position on the accession of non-NPT countries into the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)," Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Lu Kang said here, reacting to External Affairs Minister
Sushma Swaraj's statement in the Lok Sabha
on Wednesday that India will not sign the NPT.
"It is worth mentioning that China does not make the rules for how to become new members of the group. The international community has forged a consensus long ago that the NPT is the cornerstone of the international non-proliferation regime. No country should or can put itself opposite to the NPT," Lu said.
Swaraj had said India is engaging with China to iron out differences after Beijing created "procedural hurdles" for its entry into the 48-member NSG but made it clear that government will never ink NPT, which only recognises five countries — the US, Russia, the UK, France and China — as nuclear weapon states.
Swaraj said
China had raised questions
over how a non-NPT signatory could become a member of the NSG.
"But we are engaging with it. We have not stopped efforts. If someone says 'no' for once, it does not mean he won't agree at all," she said.
Lu's comments on Wednesday stated that there is no change in China's stand on the NPT and that the new members wanting to join the NSG should sign it.
Beijing in the past has insisted on consensus over the entry of new members into grouping after majority of the nuclear trading club backed India's case.
In a setback to India's efforts to join the grouping, the NSG plenary held in South Korea last month decided against accepting the country's membership application after China and some other nations opposed entry of a non-NPT signatory.
RELATED STORIES
nuclear non-proliferation treaty+ (NPT) as the cornerstone of global non-proliferation regime, Beijing itself has violated the consensus arrived at the 2010 NPT review conference on supply of nuclear technology by transferring nuclear reactors to Pakistan.
This observation on China's supply of nuclear reactors to Pakistan, a country which is not under IAEA safeguards, comes from Arms Control Association, one of leading authorities on nuclear weapons and disarmament, in its latest report assessing progress on non-proliferation.
China has blocked India's membership of Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) saying that participation of a non-NPT signatory in the group will weaken the international non-proliferation regime.
The report says that the China's 2013 deal for the Chasma-3 reactor in Pakistan contradicts the consensus document of the 2010 NPT Review Conference, which "reaffirms that new supply arrangements" for the transfer of nuclear materials and technology should require that the recipient accept "IAEA full-scope safeguards and international legally-binding commitments not to acquire nuclear weapons". Islamabad has accepted neither.
India, which has not signed NPT, has singled out China for creating procedural
BACKGROUND
NSG bid: China main hurdle, other countries are flexible
NEW DELHI: Despite China's claims that its opposition to India's membership of the
Nuclear Suppliers Group
(NSG) was supported by several countries, these objections were more procedural in nature and would have swiftly melted away if Beijing had not ensured a lack of consensus on the Indian application.
Most nations that are said to have joined ranks with China issued a statement outlining their position at the
NSG plenary
at Seoul that seemed intended to be "for record" as staying silent when China was vocal might have raised questions at home.
The difficult terrain at Seoul is set to change soon as Switzerland takes the chair from Korea, which did find it easy to resist China's ruthless use of its proxy North Korea to pressure its conduct of the proceedings. Though Switzerland also reportedly had a few issues to raise at Seoul, the expectation is that the change of baton should help the Indian cause. Switzerland's support to India is seen as genuine and can help counter China's implacable resistance to India assuming a seat at the NSG.
With reports emerging that the process of evaluating India's application is not dead, China could find it increasingly difficult to sustain its argument that all non-NPT nations, including Pakistan, should be held at par.
Semantics over "adherence to NPT" rather than "implementation" will be challenged in the face of the obviously unequal "applicants". India has also indicated that it is willing to elaborate its various commitments that respect the principles of non-proliferation espoused by the NPT and NSG.
China remains the stumbling block and its ability to block India will influence others who would otherwise may not press their reservations if India were to offer sufficient assurance. Though its commitments to Pakistan cannot be underestimated, China's success in cloaking its opposition to India as an issue dealing with all non-NPT nations is likely to be increasingly challenged by Delhi and perhaps NSG members too.
RELATED STORIES
hurdles in its NSG membership+ bid but has also chosen to remain engaged with Beijing over the issue, hoping that it will review its position at some stage. Ahead of the NSG meetings in Vienna and Seoul in June, China wrote to NSG chair Rafael Mariano Grossi saying NPT membership constituted one of the "prerequisite factors" for consideration of NSG participation and that more discussions were needed before any "specific non-NPT" state could be allowed in.
China's NSG membership since 2004 has not come in the way of its stated supply of as many as 6 reactors to Pakistan's Chasma nuclear power complex. Beijing claims to "grandfather" the reactors to an agreement reached with Pakistan in 2003 - before it became a member of NSG - even though, as the report says, that exception should have been applicable only to the first two Chasma reactors whose sale was completed before China joined NSG.
It is widely held that in helping Pakistan with its nuclear energy programme, China has chosen to override NSG guidelines and shown no regard for the reservations expressed by its members who control international nuclear commerce.
"Despite progress on its export controls China continues to supply Pakistan with nuclear power reactors, despite objections that the sale of the reactors did not receive a consensus exemption from the NSG. Pakistan, which is neither an NPT member nor under full-scope IAEA safeguards, is therefore ineligible to receive such assistance under NSG rules," says the report by Arms Control Association.
The report also accuses China of not keeping its commitment in 2000 to not help any country in the development of nuclear-capable ballistic missiles. That commitment was seen as important for China's application for membership of
BACKGROUND
India formally joins elite missile club Missile Technology Control Regime
India's space and missile programmes will gain from MTCR membership since it will get access to world-class technology.
Highlights
Marking India's first entry into any multilateral export control regime, Foreign Secretary S Jaishankar signed the instrument of accession to MTCR in the presence of France's Ambassador-designate Alexandre Ziegler, The Netherlands' Ambassador Alphonsus Stoelinga and Luxembourg's Charge d'Affaires Laure Huberty.
"India has joined the MTCR this morning...India's entry into the regime as its thirty-fifth member would be mutually beneficial in the furtherance of international non-proliferation objectives," External Affairs Ministry said in a statement.
"India would like to thank each of the thirty-four MTCR Partners for their support for India's membership. We would also like to thank Ambassador Pieter de Klerk of The Netherlands and Mr Robert Steinmetz of Luxembourg, co-Chairs of the MTCR," the statement said.
The MTCR Point of Contact in Paris has conveyed the decision regarding India's accession to the regime through the French Embassy in New Delhi as well as the Embassies of The Netherlands and Luxembourg, it said.
India's entry into MTCR comes days after it failed to get NSG membership due to stiff opposition from China and a few other countries.
Significantly, China, which stonewalled India's entry into the 48-nation
Nuclear Suppliers Group
(NSG) at the just- concluded Seoul plenary, is not a member of MTCR.
Since its civil nuclear deal with the US, India has been trying to get into export control regimes like NSG, MTCR, the Australia Group and the Wassenaar Arrangement that regulate the conventional, nuclear, biological and chemicals weapons and technologies.
MTCR membership will now enable India to buy high-end missile technology and also enhance its joint ventures with Russia.
The aim of the MTCR is to restrict the proliferation of missiles, complete rocket systems, unmanned air vehicles and related technology for those systems capable of carrying a 500 kilogramme payload for at least 300 kilometres, as well as systems intended for the delivery of weapons of mass destruction (WMD).
RELATED STORIES
Missile Technology Control Regime+ (MTCR) 4 years later. While India has now become a member of MTCR, China's application remains blocked.
Despite NSG membership and partial compliance with the MTCR, according to the report, serious concerns remain over the Chinese government's ability to control the import and export of dual-use technologies, particularly for ballistic missile development.
"Beijing voluntarily follows the MTCR's export control guidelines. However, China has not adopted the full annex, which includes a common list of controlled items. A 2016 State Department compliance report on arms control found that Chinese entities continue to supply missile technologies to countries of concern," it says.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/...s-to-Pakistan-Report/articleshow/53480665.cms
- China has violated consensus arrived a NPT review conference by supplying nuclear reactors to Pak
- The observation comes from Arms Control Association's latest report
- China has blocked India's NSG bid saying over NPT issue
BACKGROUND
India's NSG bid: China says 'no country can put itself opposite NPT'
Highlights
- No country should or can put itself opposite the NPT, China said
- It clarified that China does not make the rules for how to become new members of the group
- The response comes after Sushma Swaraj on Wednesday said India will never sign NPT
"We have repeatedly stated our position on the accession of non-NPT countries into the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)," Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Lu Kang said here, reacting to External Affairs Minister
Sushma Swaraj's statement in the Lok Sabha
on Wednesday that India will not sign the NPT.
"It is worth mentioning that China does not make the rules for how to become new members of the group. The international community has forged a consensus long ago that the NPT is the cornerstone of the international non-proliferation regime. No country should or can put itself opposite to the NPT," Lu said.
Swaraj had said India is engaging with China to iron out differences after Beijing created "procedural hurdles" for its entry into the 48-member NSG but made it clear that government will never ink NPT, which only recognises five countries — the US, Russia, the UK, France and China — as nuclear weapon states.
Swaraj said
China had raised questions
over how a non-NPT signatory could become a member of the NSG.
"But we are engaging with it. We have not stopped efforts. If someone says 'no' for once, it does not mean he won't agree at all," she said.
Lu's comments on Wednesday stated that there is no change in China's stand on the NPT and that the new members wanting to join the NSG should sign it.
Beijing in the past has insisted on consensus over the entry of new members into grouping after majority of the nuclear trading club backed India's case.
In a setback to India's efforts to join the grouping, the NSG plenary held in South Korea last month decided against accepting the country's membership application after China and some other nations opposed entry of a non-NPT signatory.
RELATED STORIES
nuclear non-proliferation treaty+ (NPT) as the cornerstone of global non-proliferation regime, Beijing itself has violated the consensus arrived at the 2010 NPT review conference on supply of nuclear technology by transferring nuclear reactors to Pakistan.
This observation on China's supply of nuclear reactors to Pakistan, a country which is not under IAEA safeguards, comes from Arms Control Association, one of leading authorities on nuclear weapons and disarmament, in its latest report assessing progress on non-proliferation.
China has blocked India's membership of Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) saying that participation of a non-NPT signatory in the group will weaken the international non-proliferation regime.
The report says that the China's 2013 deal for the Chasma-3 reactor in Pakistan contradicts the consensus document of the 2010 NPT Review Conference, which "reaffirms that new supply arrangements" for the transfer of nuclear materials and technology should require that the recipient accept "IAEA full-scope safeguards and international legally-binding commitments not to acquire nuclear weapons". Islamabad has accepted neither.
India, which has not signed NPT, has singled out China for creating procedural
BACKGROUND
NSG bid: China main hurdle, other countries are flexible
NEW DELHI: Despite China's claims that its opposition to India's membership of the
Nuclear Suppliers Group
(NSG) was supported by several countries, these objections were more procedural in nature and would have swiftly melted away if Beijing had not ensured a lack of consensus on the Indian application.
Most nations that are said to have joined ranks with China issued a statement outlining their position at the
NSG plenary
at Seoul that seemed intended to be "for record" as staying silent when China was vocal might have raised questions at home.
The difficult terrain at Seoul is set to change soon as Switzerland takes the chair from Korea, which did find it easy to resist China's ruthless use of its proxy North Korea to pressure its conduct of the proceedings. Though Switzerland also reportedly had a few issues to raise at Seoul, the expectation is that the change of baton should help the Indian cause. Switzerland's support to India is seen as genuine and can help counter China's implacable resistance to India assuming a seat at the NSG.
With reports emerging that the process of evaluating India's application is not dead, China could find it increasingly difficult to sustain its argument that all non-NPT nations, including Pakistan, should be held at par.
Semantics over "adherence to NPT" rather than "implementation" will be challenged in the face of the obviously unequal "applicants". India has also indicated that it is willing to elaborate its various commitments that respect the principles of non-proliferation espoused by the NPT and NSG.
China remains the stumbling block and its ability to block India will influence others who would otherwise may not press their reservations if India were to offer sufficient assurance. Though its commitments to Pakistan cannot be underestimated, China's success in cloaking its opposition to India as an issue dealing with all non-NPT nations is likely to be increasingly challenged by Delhi and perhaps NSG members too.
RELATED STORIES
hurdles in its NSG membership+ bid but has also chosen to remain engaged with Beijing over the issue, hoping that it will review its position at some stage. Ahead of the NSG meetings in Vienna and Seoul in June, China wrote to NSG chair Rafael Mariano Grossi saying NPT membership constituted one of the "prerequisite factors" for consideration of NSG participation and that more discussions were needed before any "specific non-NPT" state could be allowed in.
China's NSG membership since 2004 has not come in the way of its stated supply of as many as 6 reactors to Pakistan's Chasma nuclear power complex. Beijing claims to "grandfather" the reactors to an agreement reached with Pakistan in 2003 - before it became a member of NSG - even though, as the report says, that exception should have been applicable only to the first two Chasma reactors whose sale was completed before China joined NSG.
It is widely held that in helping Pakistan with its nuclear energy programme, China has chosen to override NSG guidelines and shown no regard for the reservations expressed by its members who control international nuclear commerce.
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"Despite progress on its export controls China continues to supply Pakistan with nuclear power reactors, despite objections that the sale of the reactors did not receive a consensus exemption from the NSG. Pakistan, which is neither an NPT member nor under full-scope IAEA safeguards, is therefore ineligible to receive such assistance under NSG rules," says the report by Arms Control Association.
The report also accuses China of not keeping its commitment in 2000 to not help any country in the development of nuclear-capable ballistic missiles. That commitment was seen as important for China's application for membership of
BACKGROUND
India formally joins elite missile club Missile Technology Control Regime
Highlights
- India joined MTCR as a full member
- India's entry would be beneficial to enhance global non-proliferation norms.
- MTCR membership will enable India to buy high-end missile technology
Marking India's first entry into any multilateral export control regime, Foreign Secretary S Jaishankar signed the instrument of accession to MTCR in the presence of France's Ambassador-designate Alexandre Ziegler, The Netherlands' Ambassador Alphonsus Stoelinga and Luxembourg's Charge d'Affaires Laure Huberty.
"India has joined the MTCR this morning...India's entry into the regime as its thirty-fifth member would be mutually beneficial in the furtherance of international non-proliferation objectives," External Affairs Ministry said in a statement.
"India would like to thank each of the thirty-four MTCR Partners for their support for India's membership. We would also like to thank Ambassador Pieter de Klerk of The Netherlands and Mr Robert Steinmetz of Luxembourg, co-Chairs of the MTCR," the statement said.
The MTCR Point of Contact in Paris has conveyed the decision regarding India's accession to the regime through the French Embassy in New Delhi as well as the Embassies of The Netherlands and Luxembourg, it said.
India's entry into MTCR comes days after it failed to get NSG membership due to stiff opposition from China and a few other countries.
Significantly, China, which stonewalled India's entry into the 48-nation
Nuclear Suppliers Group
(NSG) at the just- concluded Seoul plenary, is not a member of MTCR.
Since its civil nuclear deal with the US, India has been trying to get into export control regimes like NSG, MTCR, the Australia Group and the Wassenaar Arrangement that regulate the conventional, nuclear, biological and chemicals weapons and technologies.
MTCR membership will now enable India to buy high-end missile technology and also enhance its joint ventures with Russia.
The aim of the MTCR is to restrict the proliferation of missiles, complete rocket systems, unmanned air vehicles and related technology for those systems capable of carrying a 500 kilogramme payload for at least 300 kilometres, as well as systems intended for the delivery of weapons of mass destruction (WMD).
RELATED STORIES
Missile Technology Control Regime+ (MTCR) 4 years later. While India has now become a member of MTCR, China's application remains blocked.
Despite NSG membership and partial compliance with the MTCR, according to the report, serious concerns remain over the Chinese government's ability to control the import and export of dual-use technologies, particularly for ballistic missile development.
"Beijing voluntarily follows the MTCR's export control guidelines. However, China has not adopted the full annex, which includes a common list of controlled items. A 2016 State Department compliance report on arms control found that Chinese entities continue to supply missile technologies to countries of concern," it says.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/...s-to-Pakistan-Report/articleshow/53480665.cms
