China 2.0: MEGA Cities, SMART Cities

[JSCh]

Public Release: 16-Jun-2017
Chinese urbanization 2050: SD modeling and process simulation
Science China Press

This is a causal loop diagram of the SD model of Chinese urbanization.
©Science China Press

Chinese urbanization has profoundly contributed to the whole country's economic growth, social advancement and life improvement. Parallel to this process, however, China has confronted a series of problems, such as loss of agricultural land, reduction in biodiversity, unaffordable urban housing, problematic transportation, uneven regional economic development, etc. Despite of these difficulties, still China has to continue its way towards urbanization but in a new mode. That is, Chinese New Urbanization mode which has already been set as the central task for China to completely recognize a well-developed society by 2020. Nevertheless, two critical yet not solved questions decisively influencing China's urbanization agenda still persist: What is the highest stable urbanization level that China can reach? When can China complete its urbanization? In fact, these two questions have already been widely studied. But due to each study's inherent limitation, there are prominent differences or even contradictions among these existing research conclusions, which resulted in the policy makers' struggling to decide which conclusion should be set as the foundation for formulating China's New Urbanization plans. To tackle this challenge, a Chinese research team has recently proposed a multi-dimensional system dynamic (SD) simulation model of Chinese urbanization from the perspective of complexity. This model enables users to examine the complex process of Chinese urbanization in a dynamic perspective. Through robust model verification and validation against historical data, this model, compared with the existing ones proposed by other scholars, has much higher reliability, credibility and practicality. Through this model the policy makers can generate more scientific policies and development schemes for China's New Urbanization towards 2050.

A paper explaining the details of the model and its application has been published in 2017?6?issue of SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences. Its title is "Chinese urbanization 2050: SD modeling and process simulation", with Prof. Gu Chaolin from the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University as the first author and corresponding author, and the principle investigator in this research project. The research team successfully applied the SD modelling approach to understand Chinese urbanization process. It not only gives details of China's urbanization mechanism constrained by environmental sustainability in a comprehensive view but also its representation in full mathematic expression. In addition, the research put forward an SD modelling framework customized to China's New Urbanization (Figure 1) which specifies the model's mathematic logic, the structure of the subsystems for SD modelling and the modelling techniques for simulating the interactions among these subsystems. With robust model validation, the paper finally presents us with the ultimate urbanization levels China can achieve in multiple scenarios.

It is hold by the research team that there are three key challenges in parallel with the application of SD modelling to Chinese urbanization process. The first one is to quantify the underlying urbanization mechanism with high accuracy while the second is to justify the model's validity with convincing evidence in the context of China. And the last one is to insure the flexibility of the model's applicability so that it can support urbanization policy making with high scientificity. In the modelling process, the causal-loop diagrams of the sub-systems representing each dimensions of the mechanism are assembled into stock and flow diagrams, including main factors and subsystems such as industries, population, cities and towns, education, etc. (Figure 1). Then, supported by packages including DYNAMO, iThink, Vensim® and Powersim®, the theorized Chinese urbanization process is modeled using SD methodology. The conformity of the model is validated against the historical data from 1998 to 2013 while the model's stability and degree of confidence are justified by differential equation approach. To increase the model's applicability, two critical elements including GDP growth rate and family planning policy fundamentally concerned in China's New Normal era are considered. With combinations of different values of these two parameters, the ultimate urbanization level and the year in which it can be achieved in a series of scenarios are simulated and explained.

The research is funded by the key project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41590844) and the independent research program of Tsinghai University (Grant No. 2015THZ01). The proposed framework of Chinese urbanization process is expected to quantitatively analyze the underlying mechanism of Chinese urbanization and its ultimate urbanization level with systematic view and scientific foundation. With no doubt the generated conclusions will provide all the tiers of governments in China reliable evidence for policy making and policy implementation throughout the process of China's New Urbanization.

For more information, please refer to
GU ChaoLin, GUAN WeiHua, LIU HeLin. Chinese urbanization 2050: SD modeling and process simulation. SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences, 60(6): 1067-1082, doi: 10.1007/s11430-016-9022-2


Chinese urbanization 2050: SD modeling and process simulation | EurekAlert! Science News

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The coupling relationship between urbanization and the eco-environment in urban agglomeration
June 16, 2017

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Schematic diagram to show the relationships between local coupling and telecoupling encompassing urbanization and eco-environmental elements. Credit: Science China Press

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration will be constructed as one of the largest urban agglomerations in the period of the 13th national five-year plan, and it is also the strategic core region for implementing the outline of collaborative development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei provinces and promoting the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Recently, researches of CAS have revealed the local coupling and telecoupling relationship between urbanization and the eco-environment in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration.

The research entitled "Analysis of emergy-based metabolic efficiency and environmental pressure on the local coupling and telecoupling between urbanization and the eco-environment in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration", which was published in the SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences, is written by Prof. Fang Chuanglin and Dr. Ren Yufei from the institute of geographical sciences and natural resources, CAS.


Con't --> https://phys.org/news/2017-06-coupling-relationship-urbanization-eco-environment-urban.html

 

[Shotgunner51]

multi-dimensional system dynamic (SD) simulation model of Chinese urbanization

"Chinese urbanization 2050: SD modeling and process simulation", with Prof. Gu Chaolin from the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University as the first author and corresponding author, and the principle investigator in this research project.

Very good post!

The original Chinese article is here http://engine.scichina.com/publisher/scp/journal/SSTe/doi/10.1360/N072016-00277?slug=full text

PDF download http://engine.scichina.com/downloadPdf/BzZToqgizLqYRF69f

​

 

[onebyone]

Satellite map tells the real story of China home prices

The housing market is still trending up – but the growth is really happening outside the big cities, and especially in the countryside

Nearly all of the fast action in China’s sprawling housing market is now happening outside the country’s busiest conurbations and regional city-hubs – with the notable exception of Guangzhou, a tier-1 city and the capital of Guangdong province, which neighbors Hong Kong.

As detailed in the above satellite map, home prices in a third of all 70 cities surveyed by the National Bureau of Statistics have risen by more than 3% since March 1.

Each of the cities facing strong upward price pressure is represented by a green dot – and all except one fell outside the government’s watch-list of 15 hottest tier-1 and tier-2 housing markets.

Their 4% average gain for the March-May three-month period – which runs out at over 10% annualized – debunks the notion that genuine end-user demand has now taken over speculative demand in the Chinese housing sector.

The wide dispersion of the 23 green dots also shows that this is not a localized phenomenon. It is happening across the country, and especially in the countryside.


Prices of new homes in cities with little global recognition surged the most during the past three months. Their growth neared 6%, with a noticeably steeper rate of increase in May.

Guangzhou is the one dark horse that has broken loose from the rest of the pack of tier-1 Chinese cities: Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen. Investors are apparently flocking to the Southern capital, possibly to secure a ticket to ride the rollercoaster of another government master plan, namely the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Great Bay Area concept, which was unveiled in March.


New home prices rose 0.93% on average in May across 55 cities not on the government’s watch-list, compared with barely above-zero growth for those 15 cities.

That represented a third consecutive month of relatively fast increases among the smaller cities and the continuation of a divergent trend in China’s housing market.

The upward price trend is also in line with bank lending data for the month of May which showed mortgages still taking up a huge chunk – approximately 40% – of the banking sector’s monthly new loan quota. Nothing has really changed, has it?

http://www.atimes.com/article/satellite-map-tells-real-story-china-home-prices/

 

[Shotgunner51]

Chinese City Launches Blockchain-Based Public Services Program
Posted on Jun 24, 2017

According to reports on the Chinese government’s official web portal, gov.cn, the Chan Cheng District in Foshan City is ground-zero for a blockchain trial designed to test the technology’s usefulness for streamlining public services (政务应用). The District, located in Guangdong province, will be testing an innovative platform that the Chinese are calling Intelligent Multifunctional Identity (IMI). The system will reportedly provide a more efficient way for residents to authenticate their identities and official information without filling out forms each time they need a new government service.

The district is home to some one million of the city’s 7.19 million citizens, and the streamlined authentication process is seen as a way to dramatically improve the current administrative workflow. Residents in Chan Cheng District currently access government services like healthcare, utilities, and pensions at a central hub in Foshan. That hub requires each person’s physical presence, which creates massive administrative congestion.

The IMI platform is intended to alleviate those concerns and eliminate much of the paperwork required in the past. Residents will simply register using the IMI platform, which will then authenticate their identities. At that point, the government has promised that those residents will maintain control over all their personal information, and give different authorities access to those details as they opt for various types of services.

The trial in Chan Cheng District is part of a larger Chinese effort to “build a new smart city and a new credit system.” The emphasis on providing citizens with more security for personal information comes on the heels of a 2016 China Internet Association report that found that 84% of Chinese internet users feared unauthorized leaks of their personal information.

https://dcebrief.com/chinese-city-launches-blockchain-based-public-services-program/
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广东佛山探索"区块链政务应用"推进"互联网+政务"
2017-06-23 17:18

今天，广东省佛山市禅城区推出“智信城市”计划，这是基于区块链技术的创新应用成果，属于全国首个探索区块链政务应用的县区。

据介绍，禅城区将以此为抓手，进一步推动智慧城市发展与信用社会建设，构建新型智慧城市和新型信用体系。

去年，国务院发布的《“十三五”国家信息化规划》，首次将区块链技术正式列入国家信息化规划中，并赋予区块链技术作为建设“数字中国”、提升政府治理能力、推动经济转型升级的战略地位。据介绍，禅城区以区块链技术为基础平台，“智信城市”通过横向打通个人及组织的“条数据”，形成跨平台、跨部门、跨地区，开放共享、真实可信的“城市块数据”，构建包括IMI身份认证平台（依托于区块链底层技术、基于可信数据空间构建的真实的自然人和法人信息的智慧多功能身份认证平台）、个人数据空间在内的可信生态体系，为创新社会治理、优化民生服务、推动数字经济建设提供了坚实支撑，实现数据的互联互用和信用的互通互认，让信用深植于可信的价值互联网中。

中国互联网协会发布的《中国网民权益保护调查报告（2016）》显示，54%网民认为个人信息泄露严重，84%的网民亲身感受到了由于个人信息泄露带来的不良影响。

智信禅城平台实施后，个人数据隐私将受保护，保证没有个人授权，其他方是无法查询相关数据和信用信息的；数据来源权威，平台上的信用身份是被政府权威机构证实的身份信息或权威机构颁发的证件；区块链保存的是信用真实性的结果，而不是通常意义上的大数据征信中的各种数据，平台用户与现实中的自然人或法人一一对应。

以后，“智信城市”将广泛应用于政务、民生、产业等多角度、多场景，满足城市管理与发展需求。通过赋能于人、赋能于城市、赋能于社会，“智信城市”将引领新型社会信用体系建设，构筑社会发展新秩序，最终实现“智慧城市带动新治理，信用社会创造新价值”的社会愿景。

禅城区将以“四大行动”为未来规划方向，推动智信城市的发展，包括“智链行动”、“智信行动”、“智富行动”和“智聚行动”。智链行动将初步开发、建设和运营区块链平台、可信信用身份平台、基础开发应用平台、政务惠民应用开发等基础性平台。智信行动将基于可信信用身份、一门式行政服务、云治理综合平台，为自然人、法人、社会团体等提供新型社会综合信用及治理平台。智富行动将凝聚社会资本力量，以“智信禅城”为蓝本，重点投资驱动建设全国的100个智信城市应用推广。智聚行动将依托开放开源策略，实现平台和虚拟空间的招商引资，通过集群式创新形成智信城市新高地和国际样板。

从老百姓的角度看，政府的办事流程简化了，群众能享受到更便捷、高效的政务服务。

从政府部门的角度，原有不同部门的制度和信息壁垒被初步打破，无边界的业务协同开始发展。更重要的是，群众办事过程中留下的资料信息会最终沉淀成一个价值的数据库，这就为政府开展针对性的公共服务提供了科学依据。从基层和社会管理看，智信禅城平台有助于加强政府与群众之间的沟通。而这种双向的信息交换，能让群众与政府之间的关系，由过去的求助式帮忙转变为互动式共建，不但有利于政府完善公共服务，也畅通了群众表达诉求的渠道，实现多赢。

“禅城是佛山的中心城区，我们没有特殊的资源和特殊的政策，但是我们要用创新来引领发展。”佛山市禅城区委书记刘东豪表示，发展得好的企业，要么就是信息产业，要么就是应用了信息技术来改造传统模式的。禅城要构建一个国际营商环境优越的地方，同时又要提供新企业、新经济发展的基础，所以我们大胆地尝试，用信息去改变我们原有的一些做法，优化和提升原有的一些做法。

刘东豪认为，区块链对于社会治理将来会起到很大的作用，它将构建起一个成本最低、效率最高、摩擦最小的社会秩序，人与人之间、企业与企业之间、团体与团体之间，才能建立起一种真实的信用体系。

早在2014年3月，禅城区按照“马上就办、办就办好”和“让数据多跑路，让群众少跑路”的要求，以信息化技术为手段，率先在全国探索开展一门式一网式政务服务改革，持续推进简政放权、放管结合和优化服务。截至今年5月底，累计办事量达到479万件，实现零投诉，零差错，群众满意率达99.95%。

在此基础上，禅城区将对现有一门式政务服务事项的业务流程进行梳理和重构，基于一门式移动政务服务平台率先推出“0”跑腿服务。即办事群众通过“IMI身份认证平台”验证了“我就是我”后，可在移动终端完成基本信息的录入和表格的填写，并将办事申报材料提交到一门式系统，完成事项的申办。实现办事群众足不出户即享受高效、便捷的政务服务。目前，已筛选出第一批具有代表性的四大类共20个必须本人现场确认身份的服务事项上线运行。

通过向社会推出“IMI身份认证平台”这个全新的个人信用身份认证体系，以政府现场实名认证作背书，利用区块链安全、可溯源、不可篡改、不可抵赖的技术特点，全面解决目前网上或自助办事时所面临的人员真实身份确认问题，实现了用“IMI身份认证平台”就如本人亲临的效果。

与此同时，禅城区属全资国企佛盈智慧大数据公司基于禅城区一门式自然人库、社会综合治理云平台真实、有效的个人、企业数据基础，通过IMI身份认证平台实现对市民身份的真实性验证，对接可信数据空间，集政务、民生服务及产业联盟建设“市民综合服务平台”。平台打通各个公共服务部门的信息孤岛，让市民能随时随地掌握行政审批事项办理进度，了解个人可享受的各项社会服务，还可以享受球场预约、院线订票、嘉惠粮油等衣食住行服务内容。

此外，佛山市民网借助区块链技术提供的认证服务，通过“IMI身份认证平台”扫描码登录，即可取得市民网的实名认证服务权限，为市民提供社保个人账单推送及查询、公积金查询、交通违章查询、水电燃气费查询、预约挂号、网上办事、实名政民互动等服务，享受新技术带来的方便和快捷。

当天，禅城区还发布了云务通、盘古健康平台、养老助残信息化平台等一系列民生应用成果，市民将可享受一系列便捷服务。

http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2017-06/23/content_5204956.htm

 

[onebyone]

However, in 2017, the ghost city label is getting more than a little difficult to hang on Ordos Kangbashi. According to a recent report, there are now 153,000 people living there, 4,750 businesses are now in operation, and housing prices have risen roughly 50% on average from the end of 2015, when the local real estate market bottomed out. Of the 40,000 apartments that had been built in the new district since 2004, only 500 are still on the market.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/wadesh...-ex-ghost-city-continues-rising/#21818ad16877

We are now getting to the point where we will probably start seeing news reports detailing the success of Ordos Kangbashi — some may call it an ex-ghost city, but even this statement would be technically incorrect. Ordos Kangbashi is — and always was — nothing more than a new city at a mid-point of development. By 2023, the fateful year when the project was initially slated to be completed, Kangbashi will more than likely be fully populated, inconspicuously blending in with the urban landscape of China; and with the ghost city narrative long forgotten, the unsuspecting visitor will just assume that it has always been that way.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/wadesh...x-ghost-city-continues-rising/2/#6552c47615ef

It was in Ordos Kangbashi, in fact, that the Chinese ghost city narrative was born. In 2009, an Al Jazeera reporter reputedly stumbled into the new city by accident while reporting on another story. Although there were roughly 30,000 people living in Kangbashi at that time, she called the place "empty" and dismissed it as a ghost town. This narrative spread through the various media channels of the world like a brush fire in a dry summer. The story fed the West a validation many seemed to have been grasping for: that the rise of China was a hoax, that the country was cooking the books on their gaudy GDP growth numbers, that the “awakened dragon” hype amounted to little substance.

 

[AViet]

That kind of news feed well the desperate mind of Westerners.

 

[ashok321]

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017...al&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer

China is rapidly urbanizing. More than half of China's population now lives in cities, and over 100 Chinese cities have over 1 million people each.

Many urban centers, like Shanghai and Shenzhen, have gone from modest fishing villages to booming megacities. Others have become mega-ghost cities — high-tech (often luxury) urban centers that fail to attract many residents.

Here's a look at some of China's largest real estate developments that will change its cities even more.

Nanhui New City

Set to be complete by 2020, Nanhui will be a "satellite city" (kind of like an urbanized suburb) in the Pudong area of Shanghai. It's over a decade in the making. Construction, including residential complexes, eight university campuses, a museum, offices, plazas, and retail began in 2003.

Designed by the German architects Gerkan, Marg, and Partners, Nanhui New City plans to attract 800,000 residents and reportedly cost $4.5 billion.


The Chengdu Creative Centre

Designed by the UK-based architecture firm Broadway Malyan, the Chengdu Creative Centrewill be a business and residential park in Chengdu. The 2.9 million-square-foot district will feature offices, retail, and green spaces.

It is the first phase of a larger, longer-term city development project, called Tianfu, which will span 609 square miles and several counties in Chengdu. Plans for the next phases have not yet been released.

Chengdu Great City

When complete by 2020, Chengdu Great City — a city located about two miles outside Chengdu — will create enough housing to accommodate 80,000 people.

The development will be less car-dependent than most metropolises in China, according to architects Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture. For example, half the road space will be devoted to pedestrian traffic, and all homes will be within a two-minute walk of a public park.

The architects also say that Chengdu Great City will generate 60% less carbon dioxide than a conventional development of similar population.

The project aims to conserve the area's existing farmland and green space — 60% of the site will be preserved for agriculture and 15% will be devoted to parks and other grassy space. The remaining 25% will feature residential and office space, roads, and sidewalks. The masterplan also includes a transit stop to connect to Chengdu.

Construction began on the 13 million-square-foot project in 2012.

Macau New Urban Zone

The Macau New Urban Zone is a 2.8-square-mile land reclamation project in Macau, China, set to be complete by the end of 2017. The land was previously lost to the Praia Grande Bay.

As one of the largest reclamations in Macau's history, it will add over 12% to the city's land area. Starting in 2018, the site will be reserved mostly for public housing projects and green spaces, divided up into five zones.

Zone A will feature housing for 57,000 people; Zone B will house offices, shops, 2,000 housing units, and a promenade; Zones C, D, and E will have 22,000 housing units, more retail, and green space.

Sunqiao Shanghai

Shanghai is planning a 250-acre agricultural district, called Sunqiao Shanghai, which will function as a space to work, live, shop, and farm food.

It will include public plazas, parks, housing, stores, restaurants, greenhouses, and a science museum. Some of the crops will be grown hydroponically indoors (i.e. under LEDs and in nutrient-rich water rather than soil).

The masterplan was conceived by the design firm Sasaki. There isn't a construction timeline yet, but Sasaki Principal Michael Grove estimates that a crew will break ground on the project by 2018.

Xiongan New Area

Image: Miaopai
Established in April 2017, Xiongan New Area is a redevelopment project planned for Hebei, China. Initially, the city will cover nearly 40 square miles, but eventually it will reach about 80 square miles — over three times the size of Manhattan.

The masterplan and construction timeline is not yet set, but city officials say that it will include new housing, offices, universities, and a transit system.

Xiongan is being billed as a "special economic zone" and future tech hub by the Chinese government, which hopes that populations from nearby Beijing will move there (and thus reduce congestion in the city). Analysts expect it to take 15 years for the city to absorb 4.5 million people, many of whom are already trying to move there.

Prices of existing housing in the area have recently skyrocketed as a result, according to The Economist.

Yujiapu Financial District

Image: Imgur
The Chinese government has spent billions of dollars constructing Yujiapu Financial District, nicknamed "China's new Manhattan" (There are even skyscrapers inspired by Rockefeller Center and Lincoln Center). Construction on the 1.5-square-mile site started in 2008, and will total an estimated $30.4 billion.

Located outside Tianjin, it will feature 47 new residential and office towers when complete in 2019.

But so far, it may be shaping up to become a ghost city, full of half-built and rarely occupied skyscrapers, according to Bloomberg and CNN.

 

[ashok321]

WOW CHINA!

 

[cirr]

These foreigners have the IQ of Neanderthals when it comes to understand how good and great things are done in China.

 

[Jlaw]

These foreigners have the IQ of Neanderthals when it comes to understand how good and great things are done in China.

They know. They just try to trick the dumber westerners, and there are many of these retards with lower IQ than Hindus

 

[Jlaw]

There's more mega projects in the work.

 

[Jlaw]

Project keeps clean water flowing to region
By Xu Jingxi in Guangzhou | China Daily | Updated: 2017-07-01 07:17

The Guangdong government will continue to secure the water supply for Hong Kong, making the Pearl River Delta project a top priority, according to the head of the provincial department of water resources.

The Pearl River Delta Water Resources Allocation Project, which is designed to pump water from the Xijiang River valley to the Dongjiang River valley, will guarantee the water supply for Hong Kong in emergencies such as severe droughts.

The construction of the 34.8 billion yuan ($5.13 billion) project will start this year, with half of the work to be done by 2020.

"The Guangdong government and all the subordinate city governments place great importance on the task of securing the water supply for Hong Kong. People living in the Dongjiang River basin also pay a lot of attention to water quality," said Xu Yongke, head of the water resources department of Guangdong.

"We will keep on strengthening water protection and push forward the construction of water allocation projects."

To ensure water quality, the governments of six cities in the Dongjiang River basin - Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shaoguan, Heyuan, Huizhou and Dongguan - have refused about 7,000 projects since 2011 that might influence the river's water quality.

These six cities have spent about 42.1 billion yuan since 2011 on constructing sewage treatment and garbage disposal facilities to protect the water environment. There are altogether 142 sewage treatment facilities in the Dongjiang River basin, handling 9.25 million tons of sewage every day.

Hong Kong, a seaport with few natural lakes or rivers, has relied on mountain streams and rain as its main sources of fresh water. It suffered a long drought from May 1963 to June 1964, when residents were supplied with fresh water only once every four days.

Concerned about Hong Kong's difficulty in acquiring fresh water, the central government undertook the Dongjiang-Shenzhen Water Supply Project in February 1964. More than 10,000 construction workers spent 11 months on the project, which began operations on March 1, 1965.

Water from the project has been hailed as the lifeblood of Hong Kong ever since, accounting for 70 to 80 percent of the special administrative region's annual fresh water consumption.

By the end of 2016, the Dongjiang-Shenzhen Water Supply Project had supplied Hong Kong with 23.7 billion cubic meters of water. The project's annual water supply for Hong Kong is currently between 700 million and 800 million cu m.

Ma Siu-cheung, secretary for development of Hong Kong, extended thanks to Guangdong for its efforts to secure Hong Kong's water supply during his visit to the provincial department of water resources in March.

"Although some people in Hong Kong keep questioning the water quality of Dongjiang River, it is in complete conformity with set standards," Ma said.

"The water supply arrangement is reasonable and effective, and I believe that Guangdong and Hong Kong will continue good cooperation in the future."

 

[rott]

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017...al&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer

China is rapidly urbanizing. More than half of China's population now lives in cities, and over 100 Chinese cities have over 1 million people each.

Many urban centers, like Shanghai and Shenzhen, have gone from modest fishing villages to booming megacities. Others have become mega-ghost cities — high-tech (often luxury) urban centers that fail to attract many residents.

Here's a look at some of China's largest real estate developments that will change its cities even more.

Nanhui New City

Set to be complete by 2020, Nanhui will be a "satellite city" (kind of like an urbanized suburb) in the Pudong area of Shanghai. It's over a decade in the making. Construction, including residential complexes, eight university campuses, a museum, offices, plazas, and retail began in 2003.

Designed by the German architects Gerkan, Marg, and Partners, Nanhui New City plans to attract 800,000 residents and reportedly cost $4.5 billion.


The Chengdu Creative Centre

Designed by the UK-based architecture firm Broadway Malyan, the Chengdu Creative Centrewill be a business and residential park in Chengdu. The 2.9 million-square-foot district will feature offices, retail, and green spaces.

It is the first phase of a larger, longer-term city development project, called Tianfu, which will span 609 square miles and several counties in Chengdu. Plans for the next phases have not yet been released.

Chengdu Great City

When complete by 2020, Chengdu Great City — a city located about two miles outside Chengdu — will create enough housing to accommodate 80,000 people.

The development will be less car-dependent than most metropolises in China, according to architects Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture. For example, half the road space will be devoted to pedestrian traffic, and all homes will be within a two-minute walk of a public park.

The architects also say that Chengdu Great City will generate 60% less carbon dioxide than a conventional development of similar population.

The project aims to conserve the area's existing farmland and green space — 60% of the site will be preserved for agriculture and 15% will be devoted to parks and other grassy space. The remaining 25% will feature residential and office space, roads, and sidewalks. The masterplan also includes a transit stop to connect to Chengdu.

Construction began on the 13 million-square-foot project in 2012.

Macau New Urban Zone

The Macau New Urban Zone is a 2.8-square-mile land reclamation project in Macau, China, set to be complete by the end of 2017. The land was previously lost to the Praia Grande Bay.

As one of the largest reclamations in Macau's history, it will add over 12% to the city's land area. Starting in 2018, the site will be reserved mostly for public housing projects and green spaces, divided up into five zones.

Zone A will feature housing for 57,000 people; Zone B will house offices, shops, 2,000 housing units, and a promenade; Zones C, D, and E will have 22,000 housing units, more retail, and green space.

Sunqiao Shanghai

Shanghai is planning a 250-acre agricultural district, called Sunqiao Shanghai, which will function as a space to work, live, shop, and farm food.

It will include public plazas, parks, housing, stores, restaurants, greenhouses, and a science museum. Some of the crops will be grown hydroponically indoors (i.e. under LEDs and in nutrient-rich water rather than soil).

The masterplan was conceived by the design firm Sasaki. There isn't a construction timeline yet, but Sasaki Principal Michael Grove estimates that a crew will break ground on the project by 2018.

Xiongan New Area

Image: Miaopai
Established in April 2017, Xiongan New Area is a redevelopment project planned for Hebei, China. Initially, the city will cover nearly 40 square miles, but eventually it will reach about 80 square miles — over three times the size of Manhattan.

The masterplan and construction timeline is not yet set, but city officials say that it will include new housing, offices, universities, and a transit system.

Xiongan is being billed as a "special economic zone" and future tech hub by the Chinese government, which hopes that populations from nearby Beijing will move there (and thus reduce congestion in the city). Analysts expect it to take 15 years for the city to absorb 4.5 million people, many of whom are already trying to move there.

Prices of existing housing in the area have recently skyrocketed as a result, according to The Economist.

Yujiapu Financial District

Image: Imgur
The Chinese government has spent billions of dollars constructing Yujiapu Financial District, nicknamed "China's new Manhattan" (There are even skyscrapers inspired by Rockefeller Center and Lincoln Center). Construction on the 1.5-square-mile site started in 2008, and will total an estimated $30.4 billion.

Located outside Tianjin, it will feature 47 new residential and office towers when complete in 2019.

But so far, it may be shaping up to become a ghost city, full of half-built and rarely occupied skyscrapers, according to Bloomberg and CNN.

Sending this post to my friend. We're definitely going back to my motherland.

 

[AndrewJin]

The west can't even fix their derailed railway, abysmal like Supa Powa

 

[Azadkashmir]

no this was to give impression that china is bankrupt etc. jelousy of china success is high.
i came across this info, i think i seen a video on it aswell this was some time ago, i thought it was chinese secret city for military.