Nilgiri
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Do not project far away in 2030. It is too uncertain. The growth may stop before that. Please take examples of many other countries that showed promise that could not be materialized. Take also the example of China, its GDP per capita is still below $9000 after so many decades of real growth in manufacturing and others.
It was building jet planes when its GDP was a mere $3,700 per capita in 2008, eleven years before 2019. How about BD in 2019, eleven years before 2030? It still cannot build even pump machines for irrigation or farm machines/tools. There is almost no existence of companies that produce mechanical products like nails or needles.
Today, all the foreign loans/credits are added to the GDP figures that show a superficial higher growths on paper. However, a day is coming when these credits must be repaid along with interest. So, will this value not be deducted from the then GDP?
However, a turning point may come by when large amounts of FDIs get into the economy. It will cause the real growth of the economy with things being manufactured inside the country creating new wealth and productive employment of the population.
No one can really foresee or forecast the future. But, so far BD has not moved in the right direction. The govt is taking away the money from the savings of Post Offices and Banks as a loan instead of making it available to the local private investors. This creates an upward trend of Bank interest rates. Private companies are then unable or reluctant to borrow. The govt borrowing has a dumping effect on the economy. So, which new sectors will add to the growth of GDP unless there are manufacturing plants?
Anyway, this is what I think about the BD economy. Many men many minds. But, please evaluate what I said above in short.
You are right, there is a high variability in applying exchange rate (with USD) directly to a whole economy (given trade that determines this exchange rate is only some % of it and rest is ultimately very dependent on public and private sector credibility and internal liquidity which are very much more opaque and fuzzy for developing countries).
You have illustrated some of the distortions.
Bangladesh also is having a major issue in reverse-investment. This day and age you have to invest outside your borders at some sufficient level with forex you gain so you can influence growth industries (where they are better grounded and sized outside your country) of note 5 - 10 years etc down the road....to add qualitative change past what you can simply attract in conventional FDI stream direction.