You forgot the third one Monitoring & Targeting System.
Leave aside every thing Just explain Airborne based ISR, and Space based ISR capability of Pakistan or rather China in Western Indian Ocean for Pakistan. In short Sea based C4ISR capability.
Let me explain what Chinese have.
The PLA decided that it was necessary to develop “an integrated C4ISR system” in the early 1990s. This was motivated by observations of U.S. prowess in Operation DESERT STORM,the U.S. role in the 1995–96 Taiwan Strait crisis, and the 7 May 1999 Belgrade embassy bombing. The subsequent development of network-centric warfare added further impetus. Accordingly, in May 1999, China initiated the 995 Program to support megaprojects for the development of “assassin’s mace” weapons, which promised disproportionate effectiveness vis-à-vis a top military power, such as the United States, despite China’s overall technological inferiority.
Over the next decade, “the PLA began to develop and field airborne and space-based ISR technologies, and it was during this time that Chinese military analysts began to consider the requirements and applications of C4ISR systems to be used by the PLA.
Airborne ISR
China’s fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft and UAVs contribute to peacetime signals intelligence (SIGINT) and communications intelligence (COMINT); in wartime they would support air defense and antisubmarine warfare (ASW). Breakthroughs in the Beidou/Compass satellite system (discussed later) and high-speed data links, as demonstrated by China’s airborne earlywarning aircraft systems, are enabling rapid Chinese UAV progress.
China’s smaller KJ-200/Y-8 Balance Beam
maritime patrol, electronic warfare, airborneearly-warning and control aircraft, with its electronically steered, active, phased-array radar (similar in appearance to, but larger than, Sweden’s Ericsson Erieye active phasedarray radar), complements the KJ-2000 by performing
tactical AEW and ELINT more
economically. 8 Gaoxin ISR variants based on Y-8 medium transport aircraft, TU-154 for
ELINT/SIGNIT/ESW/Communication Relay/C3I/EW countermeasures/Airborne Earlywarning systems.
Space based ISR
Space capabilities underpin China’s current naval and other military capabilities for the near seas. The successful achievement of reliable indigenous satellite navigation and high-quality real-time satellite imagery and target-locating data will greatly strengthen PLA capabilities.
Maritime Surveillance Satellites
China’s reconnaissance-capable satellites include electro-optical (EO), multi- and hyperspectral, and radar, especially SAR. Maritime-relevant variants include
Fengyun (FY), the China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS), Ziyuan (ZY), the Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC), Haiyang (HY), Huanjing (HJ), and
Yaogan (YG) satellites.
Chinese sources categorize the Shenzhou (SZ) manned spacecraft, which remain as orbital modules after their crews return to earth, and the Tiangong(TG) space-station module launched in 2011, as relevant to reconnaissance.38
Fengyun weather satellites provide visible, IR, and microwave imaging. Possible future launches include FY-2G and
-2H in 2014, FY-3D/PM1 and FY-4 M in 2015, FY-3E/AM1 in 2017, FY-3F/PM2 in 2019, FY-3G/AM3 in 2021, FY-3H/PM3 in 2023, and FY-4 O at an unspecified date. FY-2H and FY-4 O and M will be geostationary; all others have polar orbits. Three satellite series are particularly relevant to maritime monitoring. The CBERS polar near-real-time electro-optical satellites, with 2.7-meter resolution, are used for military observation. CBERS-3 and -4 follow-ons, with resolution halved to ten meters through PAN-MUX optical sensors, may be launched as early as 2013.
Ocean surveillance, a significant focus of Chinese satellite development, has been prioritized at the national level as one of eight pillars of the 863 State High-Technology Development Plan.
High-Resolution Reconnaissance, Possible ELINT Satellites: Yaogan China’s Yaogan series of
twenty-three advanced, paired SAR and EO remote-sensing satellites, operating in near-polar, sun-synchronous orbits, “may provide multiwavelength, overlapping, continuous medium resolution, global imagery of military targets.
Ya o g a n - 9; Yaog an - 16A, B,and C;and Yaog an - 17A, B,and Cconstellations may constitute a vital part of a larger long-range ship-tracking and targeting ISR network. Flying in triangular formation in similar orbits at identical inclinations, each constellation apparently contains an electro-optical surveillance satellite, a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite, and possibly an electronic/signal intelligence satellite. Designed for location and tracking of
foreign warships, the satellites collect optical and radio electronic signatures of naval vessels that are used in conjunction with other information by the Chinese Navy. . . . They are thought to be able to find and track large Western warships, providing accurate positioning data for targeting by land-based antiship ballistic missile systems.
Also China possesses dedicated ELINT and SIGINT satellites.
Beidou/Compass Satellites
By 2020, a thirty-five-satellite constellation (five geostationary earth orbit, twenty-seven inclined medium earth orbit, and three inclined geostationary orbit [IGSO]) will provide global coverage. Beidou/Compass provides PNT to an accuracy of ten meters, 0.2 meters per second, and ten nanoseconds, respectively; it also offers “differential” and “integrity” services. Initially, unlike other PNT systems, which transmit signals directly, it transmitted signals indirectly, through a central ground station, although the PLA General Armament Department’s newspaper recently reported that “after providing passive navigation and locating service, Beidou became more and more like the GPS system.
Detecting and Tracking Maritime Targets
To achieve its near-seas operational objectives, the must needed is to coordinate multiple sensors and weapons among multiple services to provide comprehensive communications and a common operational picture. Satellite-based ISR will improve the ability of Chinese ballistic and cruise missiles to strike moving maritime targets. For instance,
a DF-21D antiship ballistic missile might be launched on a ballistic trajectory aimed roughly at the position of a CSG, as determined partly on the basis of satellite data. Satellites might also be used to track and target the CSG—by, for instance, supplying position updates.
The
Beidou/Compass navigation satellite system can be used to improve the precision of Chinese ballistic missiles. China’s combination of land-based radars and satellites— perhaps augmented temporarily with deployment of UAVs and launches of satellites or microsatellites—might be sufficient to track and target CSGs within a certain zone off
China’s coastal waters from which it is believed essential to exclude them in combat. Examination of the orbits, inclinations, and periods of imaging satellites offers a basic sense of their coverage. By 2009, China had approximately twenty-two imaging satellites with sufficient resolution to play a role in detecting and tracking a CSG.
This number was insufficient for continuous satellite coverage, in terms of revisit times for specific ocean areas, but since then China has added significant numbers of Yaogan satellites of multiple types, and on 26 April 2013 launched the first in a new series of Gaofen satellites. In 2009, civilian experts estimated that China would launch sufficient
satellites to achieve coverage regionally (eight to twelve civilian satellites, plus additional military) by 2015 and globally (a further eight to twelve civilian, plus additional military) by 2020; these estimates may require adjustment, given recent launch numbers.
The Challenge
Targeting enemy surface ships is a tremendously complex and difficult process. China would likely use its Qu Dian integrated C4ISR system for this purpose. Qu Dian would have to incorporate real-time sensor inputs into a multisensor data correlation and fusion process, then transmit the result to commanders and shooters. Even with complete coverage of relevant maritime zones, data transmission (i.e., from satellites to ground stations), imagery readouts by analysts (increasing in time consumption with size of area examined), and transmission of targeting data to the shooter will impose time delays. Software and data management requirements will be complex. Command and control will likely pose particular challenges: the PLA will have to coordinate both among the many service elements that “own” various ISR sensor and ground station architectures and that within the chain of command would authorize their prioritization and use, and with the release authority (CMC, supreme command, or campaign command) for the
weapons systems that would employ their inputs.
Geostrategic Implications
China’s air- and space-based surveillance platforms—together with their supporting infrastructure, human and otherwise—are improving rapidly but remain incomplete and are experiencing growing pains. As Larry Wortzel emphasizes, “The duration on station of its AWACS aircraft is short, their range is limited, and not all of them are capable of aerial refueling. Most of the PLA’s combat ships and aircraft can engage in networked operations but can handle only a limited number of targets. In addition, not all of the China’s emerging C4ISR capabilities are already undergirding growing counterintervention capabilities that are in turn changing the balance of military power
on the nation’s maritime periphery. In the near seas, at least, China’s military awareness, coordination, and targeting capabilities must already be taken seriously. weapons they carry can receive the networked combat data.
My dear friend I don't work in the defense department of Pakistan, but I do have some Idea how this Cruise Missile works. So you claim Ra'ad could hit the movable target, I have posted some material to
@Blue Marlin about some information on how China would achieve that in the seas near the China. In the mean time let ask some experts
@Horus @Oscar @MilSpec @AUSTERLITZ @waz
@PARIKRAMA @nForce @Abingdonboy @amardeep mishra @Nilgiri