Army Small Vehicles Very Important In War time Situation

[Super Falcon]

In Land warefare today small armed vehicles play a major role tooo to carry soldiers from one point to another effectively and these are herd to destroy from the air and very fast mobility lets talk what the world super powers using for their millitary and what india and pakistan are using at the present time.

 

[Super Falcon]

Americans use to use Hummer Called as nickname Humvee very very poppular vehicle around the world most armies from middle east uses them. very provides good protection from enemy small arms and carrry lots of weight

 

[Super Falcon]

Japan Uses Land cruiser very very popular in civilain use it is 4X4 good vehicle to be in but dont know how much fire power it takes

 

[Super Falcon]

The Toyota Land Cruiser has been in production by the Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan since 1951. Although the origins of a light four-wheel drive 'jeep-like' vehicle are almost certainly earlier during World War II. Toyota produced a Toyota BJ Jeep for the US military during the Korean War and this seems to be the origin of the Land Cruiser known today.

The name Land Cruiser was coined because of the success of the Land Rover in the UK because Toyota wanted a similar dignified name for their own vehicle to give it an identity and appeal to the commercial market. As with many four-wheel drive vehicles the Toyota Land Cruiser had its origins in military use. Although the Land Cruiser is now in its ninth generation with the recently released (2008) 200 series it still remains a useful military support vehicle.

LAND CRUISER
Although a number of armies have stayed true to their tried-and-tested support vehicle formats (an example being the British Army's use of the Land Rover since 1948) the Land Cruiser has a great deal of impact itself in military and police use.

The Australian military have used them for over 50 years (from the 40 series up to the 70 series in both open top and sedan versions) probably because of the supply line from Japan being a lot easier. Toyota Land Cruisers are used a lot in Australia as government vehicles. The Land Cruiser has also been a very popular vehicle in the Australian commercial market, known for its reliability over very rough ground and in increased temperatures.

The Land Cruiser has seen military application across the world with forces in the Middle East, Asia, South America, and even by the US in the first Gulf War and more recently in Afghanistan (maybe some Toyota Tacomas in Afghanistan). In fact it is said that General Norman Schwartzkopf used an 80 series Land Cruiser during the first Gulf conflict.

LC 100 models prepared in Australia and with independent front suspension (better for sand dunes) instead of the more robust solid axle are currently in use in Baghdad.

MODIFICATIONS AND VERSIONS

Some of the modifications in Australian military versions include armour plating, ARB snorkels and exhaust modifications, military-specification tyres, auxiliary fuel tanks, water tanks, bumper winches and steel transport racks on the roof.

"As with many 4x4 vehicles the Land Cruiser has its origins in military use."The classic military guise of this vehicle is with a light machine gun mounted on the flat bed at the front over the cab roof able to fire 360°. Uses are as a light personnel carrier (sedan version and open back), light rapid response vehicle (with open back and machine gun), as an emergency fire tender and as staff cars.

Toyota Tacomas have been used by the US Special Forces in Afghanistan and were purchased from showrooms in the US and pressed into service with very little modification at all.

TOYOTA VARIETY
The Land Cruiser is available with a number of different engine specifications including 5.7l 381hp dual VVTi V8 petrol, 4.7l 288hp VVTi V8 petrol, 4.5l 286hp intercooled twin turbo D-4D V8 diesel and 4.0l 240hp DOHC with VVT-i petrol.

There are also a variety of transmission options including: six-speed automatic, five-speed automatic and five-speed manual (military use would probably stipulate the manual transmission).

 

[Super Falcon]

Pakistan army Uses Land Rover Wolf and Toyota HILUX to carry its soldiers very good vehicles for 4X4 use check this out

 

[Super Falcon]

One vehicle synonymous with the military operations around the world is the Land Rover Series II and III and Defender (90 SWB or 110 LWB). The all-terrain 4×4 vehicle was first produced in 1948, based upon a design spawned from the Willys / Bantam Jeeps of WWII fame (designer Maurice Wilks).

The UK design initially used aluminium for much of the construction, which led to the Land Rover's reputation for longevity and resistance to corrosion in even the toughest conditions.

Land Rover is now owned by Tata Motors of India, who bought both Land Rover and Jaguar from Ford in 2008. What effect this will have on military supply contracts for new vehicles, or replacement parts, is not known. Land Rovers are manufactured at the Solihull plant, near Birmingham in the UK.

MILITARY LAND ROVER
The military Land Rover is used as a light utility vehicle and has been adopted in a number of guises and body styles including fire engines, excavators, communication vehicle, ambulance, a lightweight model for air transport, snowplough, and six-wheel drive, amphibious and track-propelled versions.

The vehicle is in use by the UK military as well as a number of related commonwealth Forces, the Italian Forces and has also been used by the US Army in Korea and more recently in Iraq and Afghanistan (the SAS have used the Series IIA and Series III for long-range desert reconnaissance in Iraq – Pink Panther).

The Land Rover has been regarded as a reliable workhorse for the British Army (also used for the RAF mountain rescue); and although there are now moves to replace it with alternatives, it is still very much in use. The UK forces vehicles are based on the Series and Defender models and commonly use the 2.5l four-cylinder 300TDi engine (111hp, 83kW), which is simple to service and is not electronically controlled.

Land Rovers are commonly used for patrol duties in Iraq and Afghanistan but because of the possibility of roadside attack, bombs and mines they are now being replaced in this duty by light armoured vehicles (although they are still a useful recon and utility vehicle).

LAND ROVER MODIFICATIONS
Modifications for military use include: heavy-duty suspension, modified upgrade brakes, 24V electrical system, snorkel, black-out lights, Power Take-Off (PTO) shafts, winches, convoy lights, sun compass, electronic suppression for ignition system, blackout curtains, and weapons mounts for special equipment and small arms such as machine guns, recoilless rifles and more recently with a Heckler and Koch automatic grenade launcher.

"One vehicle synonymous with the military operations around the world is the Land Rover."The Land Rover Wolf is a custom design currently in use by the British Forces and the Dutch Marine Corp.

The vehicle is based on the Defender 90 and 110 designated Truck Utility Light (TUL) and Truck Utility Medium (TUM), respectively. There are 23 versions and the specification is designated for military use as extra duty (modifications for winter and tropical duty).

The TUM long-wheelbase version has a weapons mount and is designated as the WMIK (Weapons Mount Installation Kit) developed by Ricardo Vehicle Engineering. Land Rover and Ricardo outfit these vehicles with strengthened chassis, roll cage, weapons mounts (rear door, passenger side at the front, suitable for 7.62mm GMPG, 12.7mm heavy machine gun, MILAN ATGM and also the H&K GMG grenade launcher).

 

[Super Falcon]

[url="http://

 

[Super Falcon]

[url="http://

 

[Super Falcon]

The Nissan Patrol is a four-wheel drive SUV that has been in production since 1951 (first manufactured for military use). The vehicle is a direct competitor of the Toyota Land Cruiser and over the lifetime of the model has had a modest amount of military use as a light support vehicle, light reconnaissance and patrol vehicle and staff car.

The Patrol is available across the world from Australia to South America and from Europe to the Middle East and it is well supported. The vehicle has three basic variants with the two-door (SWB version 2,200mm), four-door wagon (LWB 2,970mm) and also the utility / cab chassis variation.

The Y60 (GQ) version of the vehicle is currently still in production as a military vehicle across the Middle East and Asia (in the US this version is sold as the Maverick by Ford). The United Nations (UN) is also a good customer with several versions of the Nissan Patrol in use as a convoy and support vehicle.

"The Nissan Patrol is a direct competitor of the Toyota Land Cruiser."MILITARY USE

Current military use of the vehicle is limited but still significant. Not every military operation requires a vehicle with high-strength armour which increases its weight significantly; some are more suited to a lighter more manoeuvrable vehicle.

The Icelandic expeditionary force which is employed on a peacekeeping mission in Afghanistan uses heavily modified Nissan Patrols for mobile observation missions in the mountains of Northern Afghanistan. The Irish Army (Republic of Ireland) also use the Nissan Patrol as their main utility vehicle (the 260 series replaced the Land Rover Defender 90 and 110 in the early 1990s).

"Nissan will be producing a new model Patrol for 2008 – The ZD30."The Nissans are all fitted with radios and are used for various duties including escort vehicles, towing close support weapons and convoy duties.

The new GRTD6 model is now in service with the Irish Army but 260s are still used as well for training in off-road driving. The Indian Army used to manufacture its own version of the Patrol under license but this has now been replaced by the Mahindra jeep.

NISSAN PATROL USAGE
The vehicle is an ideal patrol vehicle in the same way as many others of its ilk. It is available in petrol (six cylinder, 2l–3.5l), diesel and turbo diesel engines (2.8l). The vehicle can seat seven including the driver but more usually in the military version one seat has to be sacrificed for the radio equipment.

Nissan will be producing a new model Patrol for 2008. The ZD30 is the most popular turbo diesel engine and this has been modified to common rail so that the model is designated the ZD30 CRDi.

 

[Super Falcon]

[url="http://

 

[Super Falcon]

The Iveco Massif is the latest heavy-duty four-wheel-drive vehicle from Fiat (Iveco is their commercial vehicle section). The Massif was produced in conjunction with the Spanish 4×4 producer Santana, (Santana and Iveco signed an agreement in May 2006 – the Massif is basically a rebadged and restyled version of the Santana PS-10 'Anibal' 4×4 vehicle), who previously had a successful relationship with Land Rover from 1958 to 1985 – they built 'Spanish' Land Rovers for the armed forces in Spain right up until 1983.

The new Iveco Massif has a lot of Land Rover characteristics (body styled by Giugiaro) but is a distinctly different vehicle with a chassis based on the Iveco Daily 4×4 van (which has been used for heavy duty military applications in the past). The vehicle is the first heavy duty 4×4 vehicle that Fiat / Iveco has produced since their highly successful Campagnola Jeep that was used by the Italian Army for many years.

The Iveco Massif will be released for the UK market in January 2009 but is now available in Europe in left-hand drive long (five-door) and short (three-door) wheel-based versions with hard tops as well as a long wheel base pick-up and chassis truck version. A van body version is currently in development.

Iveco have said that the vehicle will be available in a military specification if required and like the Santana PS-10 will be fully air transportable. All versions of the Massif will have full metre-wide rear openings allowing a standard euro-pallet to be carried.

POWER UNIT AND SPECIFICATIONS

The engines for the Massif range will include: 146bhp / 258lb/ft (HPI) and 176bhp / 295lb/ft (HPT) versions of a previously developed and reliable 3l diesel (Euro IV-compatible), with a variable-geometry turbocharger, a six-speed manual transmission (ZF 6S400 overdrive six-speed transmission) and also selectable rear-wheel / four-wheel drive with a low-ratio two-speed transfer box , based on the Santana 2500 unit.

The Massif has parabolic leaf springs to give good handling and flexibility and can negotiate a 40% slope with ease in second-low just with the engine ticking over. The Massif has all-around disc brakes and a disc transmission handbrake.

"The Massif was produced in conjunction with the Spanish 4×4 producer Santana."A double 'H' hydraulic circuit with vacuum servo-assistance is used to actuate ventilated disc brakes on the front axle and also simple discs on the rear axle.

There is recirculating ball-type power steering equipped with a ZF pump and a reasonable turning circle of 6.5m. Beam drive axles are used both front and rear and have a common final drive ratio of 3.909:1.

The final drive gearing used on the front axle is of a helicoidal design whereas that on the rear axle is a hypoid gear set in order to provide improved ground clearance for the centrally mounted drive shaft. The Massif can also be supplied with a wide range of transmission and transfer box PTOs (Power Take-Offs) and also easily accessible electric connections for bodywork.

 

[Super Falcon]

The Oshkosh MRAP (mine-resistant ambush-protected) all-terrain vehicle (M-ATV) is an armoured vehicle with improved mobility. In June 2009, Oshkosh Corporation received an initial order to deliver 2,900 M-ATVs to the US Armed Forces for deployment in Afghanistan.

The M-ATV is based on the Oshkosh medium tactical vehicle replacement (MTVR) platform and is fitted with patented TAK-4 independent suspension system for utmost mobility and survivability.

The US Army has selected Oshkosh M-ATV out of five participant models, which included two by BAE Systems and one each by Navistar and Force Dynamics.

Oshkosh will recruit 300 to 500 new employees and recall 550 to 650 employees to deliver the orders by March 2010.

M-ATV missions

The US armed forces need 2,080 to 10,000 M-ATVs to deploy them in Afghanistan's rough and mountainous off-road environments and dispersed combat operations. Before Oshkosh was awarded the M-ATV contract, orders were placed for demonstration vehicles from competing companies for testing.

In May 2009, three demonstration Oshkosh M-ATVs arrived at the US Army's Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, for military evaluation. These vehicles were mainly developed for the US armed forces to resume rugged-terrain operations in Afghanistan. The armour system and the suspension system mounted in Oshkosh M-ATV have already been implemented in 5,000 current MRAPs and about 10,000 MTVRs.

In June 2009, shortly before the contract award, Oshkosh Defense completed more than 7,500 miles of independent on and off-road durability testing of the M-ATV at the Nevada Automotive Test Center.

Orders and deliveries

"The Oshkosh MRAP all-terrain vehicle (M-ATV) is an armoured vehicle with improved mobility."Following many months of testing the US Department of Defense (DoD) has selected Oshkosh for the supply of M-ATVs for its armed forces. The vehicles were ordered by the US Army Tank Automotive and Armaments Command Life-Cycle Management Command TACOM LCMC and are expected to be supplied to the US Army, Marine Corps, Special Operations Command, Air Force and Navy. In July 2009, Oshkosh received an additional order for 1,700 M-ATVs worth $1.06bn from TACOM LCMC. Under the contract, Oshkosh will also supply after-market parts packages until April 2010 and field support services to the US armed forces.

The deliveries are expected to be completed by February 2010. By July 2009, Oshkosh had supplied 46 M-ATVs exceeding its first delivery target to 45.

In September 2009, Oshkosh announced that it received a third delivery order valued at $189m from the TACOM LCMC for 352 M-ATVs. These will be delivered by March 2010. The contract includes aftermarket parts packages. The award raised the total number of M-ATVs ordered from Oshkosh to 4,296.

M-ATV features

The Oshkosh M-ATV has seating for four passengers and one gunner. The vehicle can reach a maximum speed of 65mph with a maximum payload of 4,000lb. The gross vehicle curb weight is less than 25,000lb (11,340kg).

The vehicle has MTVR common, TAK-4 independent suspension that offers maximum mobility for rugged and off-road terrain operations. The vehicle is mounted on a reliable powertrain that provides the speed and lightness needed to travel with ease on mountainous terrain.

Oshkosh Defense and Plasan North America worked together to develop the M-ATV armour system, which comprises a variety of high-strength materials, including ceramic composite armour. It features EFP (explosively formed penetrator) armour while maintaining a full payload. The commonality between the armour and the parts allows the vehicle to be repaired in the theatre.

The vehicle also has a MANPRINT balanced system design that minimises operator and maintenance training and maximises crew effectiveness. Another feature of the Oshkosh M-ATV is that it has a mature C4ISR network.

Manoeuvrability

The M-ATV features a four-wheeled patented TAK-4 independent suspension system for high off-road mobility and combat performance. TAK-4 suspension system provides 16in of independent wheel travel and 13in of ground clearance in normal loaded condition, offering increased mobility as compared to straight-axle vehicles.

"The US Army has selected Oshkosh MRAP all-terrain vehicle from five participant models."It offers mobility for unimproved roads and rugged off-road terrain with 70% off-road mobility and 30% on-road mobility. The suspension system was introduced in the US Marine Corps in 1998 and has undergone more than 400,000 miles of testing, and is applied in more than 10,000 MTVRs

The vehicle has 12 different tyre-pressure settings, which can be adjusted based on the payload and terrain conditions. Additionally, it is also capable of travelling long distances at high speeds on run-flat tyres.

Defence

The vehicle features a v-shaped hull supplied by Plasan North America with four passengers and one gunner seating capacity. M-ATV provides protection from EFPs and rocket-propelled grenades (RPG). The hull provides added protection in a ballistic event and seats are suspended from the ceiling, to mitigate blast effects. The vehicle also contains energy-absorbing floor mats to protect the occupants' lower bodies.

Propulsion

The Oshkosh M-ATV is a 4×4 chassis vehicle fitted with a Caterpillar C7 370hp engine with an Allison 3500 SP transmission and Marmon Herrington transfer case. It also features a rugged, reliable non-developmental powertrain, providing the vehicle quickness to cross mountainous terrain.

 

[Super Falcon]

[url="http://

 

[Super Falcon]

The Mercedes-Benz G-Wagen is a well-established light utility military support vehicle with its origins in the 1970s from a suggestion by the Shah of Iran to Mercedes. The 'G' in the name is short for Geländewagen (or cross-country vehicle / tough terrain vehicle) and was Mercedes's first venture into general four-wheel drives (although Mercedes did make some jeep-like vehicles in WWII).

The G-Class vehicle is now regularly used by more than 63 armies worldwide and this includes the German Armed Forces, Canadian Army and also the US Marine Corps.

Mercedes has actually guaranteed production of the standard G-Class for use as NATO support vehicles up until 2025.

The G-Wagen or G-Class is of a similar ilk to the Land Rover Defender commonly used by the British armed forces with a reputation for reliability and ruggedness.

G-WAGEN BODIES
The G-Wagen comes with a choice of three different body styles including: short-wheelbase two-door versions in both hardtop and convertible and also a long-wheelbase four-door version (more popular).

The G-Class is hand-built in Graz in Austria where the production line averages only 15 vehicles a day. These vehicles are designed to give a million miles of service for military use with nearly all of the components being fully serviceable and rebuildable. These 4x4s have three fully locking differentials, and with a low centre of gravity and solid axles are a well designed and tested military prospect.

MILITARY DESIGN
Military G-Wagen's come in three variants: the 'basic' light utility vehicles (four doors and four seats), Command and Reconnaissance (C&R) models (rotating gun-mount in the centre of the roof) and the military police version (with blue and red rotating lights).

The vehicle is not armoured but can be fitted with armour modules replacing body panels to protect against rifle fire or grenade fragments. The payload of the unarmoured vehicle is around 1,500kg but with armour this is severely reduced to 500kg.

The G-Wagen in its most modern and useful version has space for a radio that does not reduce the passenger payload. The vehicle also has a roof rack for equipment transport and a trailer hitch for if required to carry more equipment via a trailer.

"The Mercedes-Benz G-Class vehicle is now regularly used by more than 63 armies worldwide."The C&R version has a hatched 80cm turret ring and a weapons platform that can handle C6 GPMGs and M2 heavy machine guns. The gunner is also protected by a gun shield. The C&R vehicles are three-seaters and carry a driver, commander and gunner.

The G-Wagen uses a standard 2.9l OM 612 turbo-diesel engine, which can develop 156hp / 115kW, with five-speed automatic gearbox, (other commercial versions use 5.5l petrol V8 (500hp) power units and there is a range of engines which could be used in the military version).

The fording ability of the vehicle is 600mm, the ground clearance 439mm, the side slope angle 30°, the approach angle 40° and the grade 60°.

MILITARY CUSTOMERS
Mercedes-Benz won a contract in 2007 to provide 1,100 G-Class vehicles to the Australian Defence Force (ADF). The Canadian Army is a long-time user and most recently took delivery of 1,159 vehicles that were ordered in 2003. Other users include the Croatian Army with 300 G-Wagens.

The Danish military has also introduced several versions of the G-Wagen including 1,300 of the 290 GD in 1985 and 1,000 of the 270 CDI in 2003. The Estonian army has also taken delivery of a small amount of G-Wagens as a part of a modernisation scheme.

The German Army uses the G-Class under the name 'Wolf' and more than 12,000 vehicles have been delivered to them in over 50 versions including ambulance vehicles and armoured vehicles used by the German Special Forces

 

[Super Falcon]

[url="http://