Israeli logistical support for Iran during the Iran–Iraq War (1980–88)[edit]
Main article:
Israeli support for Iran during the Iran–Iraq war
Israel sold Iran US$75 million worth of arms from stocks of Israel Military Industries, Israel Aircraft Industries and Israel Defense Forces stockpiles, in their Operation Seashell in 1981.
[25] Material included 150
M-40 antitank guns with 24,000 shells for each gun, spare parts for tank and aircraft engines, 106 mm, 130 mm, 203 mm and 175 mm shells and
TOW missiles. This material was transported first by air by Argentine airline
Transporte Aéreo Rioplatense and then by ship. The same year Israel provided
active military support against Iraq by destroying the
Osirak nuclear reactor near
Baghdad, which the Iranians themselves had
previously targeted, but the
doctrine established by the attack would increase potential conflict in future years.
Arms sales to Iran that totaled an estimated $500 million from 1981 to 1983 according to the Jafe Institute for Strategic Studies at Tel Aviv University. Most of it was paid for by Iranian oil delivered to Israel. "According to Ahmad Haidari, "an Iranian arms dealer working for the
Khomeini government, roughly 80% of the weaponry bought by Tehran" immediately after the onset of the war originated in Israel.
[26]

An Iranian stamp issued in memory of
Suleiman Khater, who perpetuated the
Ras Burqa massacre against Israeli tourists in 1985.
According to Mark Phythian, the fact "that the Iranian air force could function at all" after Iraq's initial attack and "was able to undertake a number of sorties over
Baghdad and strike at strategic installations" was "at least partly due to the decision of the Reagan administration to allow Israel to channel arms of US origin to Iran to prevent an easy and early Iraqi victory."
[27]
Despite all the speeches of Iranian leaders and the denunciation of Israel at
Friday prayers, there were never less than around one hundred Israeli advisers and technicians in Iran at any time throughout the war, living in a carefully guarded and secluded camp just north of Tehran, where they remained even after the ceasefire.
[28]
Israel's support was "crucial" to keeping Iran's air force flying against Iraq. Israeli sales also included spare parts for U.S.-made
F-4 Phantom jets.
Newsweek also reported that after an Iranian defector landed his F-4 Phantom jet in Saudi Arabia in 1984, intelligence experts determined that many of its parts had originally been sold to Israel, and had then been re-exported to Tehran in
violation of U.S. law.
[29] Ariel Sharon believed it was important to "leave a small window open" to the possibility of good relations with Iran in the future.
[30]