Pakistan to Build Massive Dams for Abundant Water and Power

[shahbaz baig]

 

[sohail.ishaque]

what about the Skardu/Katzarah Dam.. i have heard so many things about it, like by building it we can add 500years of life to each following dam and that it is the 2nd most suitable spot of the world for building a dam... most of these statements were made by a politician though,.. but yes there is some truth to these statements,..

http://fatehuk.blogspot.com/2010/08/unique-katzarah-dam-on-indus.html

Multiple uniqueness of Katzarah Dam

Katzarah Dam site on the Indus is unique because it has the narrowest dam site in the world. It is about 300 feet at the bed level. Against this, Kalabagh Dam is two miles long and Tarbela is 8000 feet long. Katzarah is unique because it will function as Watershed Management dam by stopping silt erosion from the world’s highly erodible soil in Skardu valley, prolonging the lifespan of Basha Dam from 80 years to 800 years and extend lifespan of Tarbela by 50 years. Katzarah is unique because it is the tallest dam in the world. Katzarah is unique because it has six times the storage capacity of Basha Dam or Kalabagh Dam. Katzarah Dam’s storage capacity is 35 maf the third largest in the world after Aswan Dam and Three Gorges Dam. Katzarah is unique for Pakistan because it has the potential to produce up to 15,000 MW of hydropower, the second largest in the world after Three Gorges Dam. Katzarah has excellent capacity-inflow ratio on the Indus that gives long life span. Katzarah is unique because it will have 1000 years of lifespan. Katzarah is unique because it is the cheapest dam per maf of storage, per MW of hydropower generation, per year of lifespan and per year of service value.

Katzarah is super flood control in mitigating global warming. If built before 2010, it would have avoided human and property losses worth billions of dollars in the current unusual floods. Katzarah would irrigate millions of acres of barren lands in the four provinces including the vast and barren Kachi plain in Baluchistan from the proposed All Pakistan Grand Canal from Chashma barrage as initiated by me in 1962. Katzarah Dam would help implement paras 2, 4, 6, and para 14 (e) of the Water Accord by storing more water and end bitter water dispute as that is due to shortage of water, and due to silting of reservoirs by 6.6 maf. Katzarah Dam is needed to mitigate the adverse effects of reducing rivers flow in Pakistan due to global warming. It is needed for growing artificial forests where ever possible.

Katzarah Dam will serve as Replacement dam for the Indus Waters Treaty as we have lost 6.6 maf of replacement storage in Tarbela and Mangla. Replenishment of lost storage is vital, otherwise Indus Waters Treaty will cease to function. Katzarah Dam will regulate the highly erratic flow of the Indus, that varies between the minimum of 9000 cusecs to the maximum of 1,200,000 cusecs, Katzarah is a carryover dam. It is a development dam. Katzarah is inter-seasonal dam.

Another beauty of Katzarah Dam is that it is supported by Nisar Memon Parliamentary Committee, and WAPDA promised the committee to submit Katzarah feasibility report by September, 2005. Unfortunately, after commitment, WAPDA failed to submit the feasibility report because of Kalabagh issue. Similarly, AGN Qazi Technical Committee recommended Katzarah Dam. The Government of Sindh has requested the Federal Government to build Katzarah Dam exactly repeating my stance. I fully assisted both the Committees in their task. I discovered Katzarah Dam in 1962 and it was confirmed by Dr Pieter Lieftnick in 1968. As Chairman IRSA in 1994, I strongly recommended to the Ministry of Water and Power to build Katzarah dam informing them of Katzarah unique merits. Newspapers also published my articles but nothing has been done as, WAPDA is adamant to this dam. I have no means to meet Prime Minister to brief him on all dams with their merits and demerits. I wait for a miracle.

Katzarah Dam is direly needed, as by the year 2070, Basha Dam, Tarbela Dam, Mangla Dam will almost silt up, losing about another 14 maf of water besides 6.6 maf already lost to silting. This means the canal irrigation system in the Indus basin that is the food basket of Pakistan, will be on run-of-the-river. There will be no Rabi crop and early Kharif will also suffer. The consequences will be that famine like conditions will prevail. There will then be no point of return. Therefore, be wise to build Katzarah Dam or face famine, hunger and bloody revolution for food.

Presently, Tarbela, Mangla and Chashma have been silted up by 6.6 maf. This has created water shortage and inter-provincial water dispute. Water dispute will continue till building of new dams to create 27.35 maf of water to meet Water Accord requirements in para 2 besides paras 4, 6, and 14(e). Storage to be created in paras 4, para 6 and para 14 (e) are in addition to that. This dispute is growing and the proposed restructuring of IRSA as suggested is no solution to end water dispute that is due to shortage of water and no other reason.

It will be alarming to find that Tarbela Reservoir must have silted up by about 0.5 to 0.8 maf during this flood season by the 2010 super flood. This will further aggravate inter-provincial water dispute as silting of storage will reach to 7 maf.

What sort of agricultural country is this when no dam is built by the Government in 36 years after the construction of Tarbela Dam? We have already lost about 7.0 maf of storage though the country’s irrigated agriculture depends on storage water? It is unfortunate that storage capacity on our rivers is only 9% of the total annual runoff of rivers. For such country and for such irrigation system it should be about 60%. This is necessary because there is no dam sites on Kabul River, Jehlum River and Chinab River. The Indus River flow requires to be stored in dams wisely so that each dam has long lifespan. Dams must be built where ever possible.

One ridiculous objection by faultfinders is that Baltic culture would be destroyed as, Skardu valley and the airstrip would submerge in the Lake. The example of Three Gorges Dam in China is before us where 2.2 million population were displaced and resettled first, and then work on the dam started. Everything was done peacefully. We can follow the example of China.

In casr of Katzarah, about 22000 people would be affected. These people can be resettled along the periphery of one of the largest Lake in the world that Katzarah Dam will create and in the adjoining area with in Baltistan. Baltic culture, on the contrary will flourish and their economic condition would improve, as the Lake will be the finest tourists resort. Airstrip and helipad can be built somewhere else. Everything is easy if things are done in a planned manner. Hydroplane can land on the surface of the vast Lake.

The multiple and massive benefits of Katzarah Dam cannot be ignored. Pakistan economic survival depends on Katzarah. This is because, IndusRiver is the only River in Pakistan where dams can be built and Katzarah is unique on many counts.

Downstream of Basha Dam there are hardly three or four mega dam sites on the Indus that can collectively store about 12 maf of water. These dams too will be subjected to rapid silting. Therefore, the only long lifespan dam left on the Indus is of Katzarah Dam. Moreover, its storage capacity is more than the collective storage capacities of all the conceivable dams in Pakistan. Katzarah is a gift of God for Pakistan.

In 1962, when I discovered the dam site, the population of Skardu was hardly about 3000. Please build Katzarah now before the area is over populated and it creates political interference. Pakistan cannot ignore building this unique dam as Katzarah will serve as the spinal chord of Indus basin irrigation system that is the food basket of Pakistan.

Global warming, climate change has made a beginning with Pakistan, destroying not only its economy, but the country as a whole. About 22% of land area of Pakistan is severely affected by rainwater and super floods ruining about 30 million of population, and billions of dollars losses besides the loss of human live, property, crops and infrastructures. Denudation of forests and blockage of waterways of natural surface drains have aggravated flash floods to flow in sheet form over a large area during floods. The other major important reason for flood havoc is the negligence not to build dams for the past 36 years after Tarbela.

Had Katzarah Dam on the Indus, and Guroh Dop Dam on Panjkora Rivers were built as I discovered these in 1962, flood fury would have been tamed, beside storing large volume of flood water that wasted to sea. I estimate, this year flood wastage to sea would be over 80 maf that is equivalent to 13 times the storage of Basha Dam. On August 21, 2000, China offered to build Katzarah/Skardu Dam but WAPDA ignored the offer without reasons. See the Daily Khabarein head lines.

If Katzarah Dam and Guroh Dop Dam were built in time, there would have been no devastation, death and destruction in 2010 floods and the country would not have faced crippling load shedding. These two wonder dams would have avoided water crises, power crises, flood crises and crises due to rapid silting of reservoirs. It is surprising WAPDA is ignorant of these two dams. What an organization!

Gomal Zam multipurpose flood control dam at Khajuri Katch in South Waziristan

A multipurpose dam at Khajuri Katch on Gomal River discovered by me in 1959 is an obvious example of flood control. Gomal Zam is notorious for furious floods since 1850, severely damaging villages, crops, property, infrastructures, besides forming ravines due to soil erosion. On completion of Gomal Zam Dam this year, it has created a vast reservoir of about one maf of floodwater at Khajuri Katch Reservoir. The result of this multipurpose flood control dam is that it has completely saved the Town of Kulachi and the surrounding villages, lands, crops etc in the two districts of DIKhan and Tank although 22% of Pakistan is ruined by rains and floods. This is because, there is no flood control dam on the Indus at Katzarah, and no flood control dam at Guroh Dop on Panjkora River and no flood control dam at Kalam on Swat River. Had these dams been built, Pakistan would have been safe against the historic floods that completely ruined the country and destroy its 30 million population. There would have been no power shortage and water shortage.

I submitted to the Government of Pakistan a Master Plan, titled “Irrigation Planning and Construction for West Pakistan” in 1962. It was sent to all concerned for information and action. The Ministry of Food and Agriculture (M. Ihsanul Haq Deputy Secretary) acknowledged its receipt and demanded more copies of the report as the Aid officers were interested in it. Refer to the receipt of the Ministry’s letter No: is D. 386-DS (PO)/63, dated 7th January, 1963. The Government took no action on the Master Plan’s implementation in 47 years though Aid giving organizations showed interest in it. The Master Plan included Katzarah and Guroh Dop besides All Pakistan Grand Canal to irrigate Kachi plain..

In a separate paper, I have suggested to create Indus Valley Authority (IVA) to build dams and barrages on the Indus River where ever possible. No interest is shown. The head quarter of new organization (IVA) should be at Islamabad. WAPDA Head quarter should be shifted to Islamabad like that of IRSA so that WAPDA works in coordination with other concerned organizations like Planning Commission, IRSA. Ministry of Water and Power and the Ministry of Agriculture.


Engr. Fateh Ullah Khan Gandapur
B.Sc. Engg; (Distinction in Dams & Reservoir Engineering), M.ASCE (USA), FIE (Pak)
Former Chairman IRSA
Author of 2 books
1. God, Universe & Man; The Holy Quran & The Hereafter2
2. . God Created The Universe With The Purpose To Server Human Kind

 

[war&peace]

This report is not true.

More than a single liner is required Mr Admin for us the mortals to understand what you mean.

 

[Saif-ud-Din Qutuz]

Kab bane ge ye dam? agle 100 saal k bad?

Nooray ki government kay baad har dafa is project ka feeta kata karay ga takay agla election Noora he jeetay. Complete ho gaye maybe 1000 years main.

 

[PAKISTANFOREVER]

http://www.riazhaq.com/2017/05/pakistan-to-build-massive-dams-for.html

China and Pakistan have agreed to finance and build two mega dams in Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. A memorandum of understanding (MoU) for this development was signed by the leaders of the two countries on the sidelines of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) summit in Beijing.


Actual vs Potential Hydropower in South Asia. Source: Economist Magazine


The two dams, called Bunji and Diamer-Bhasha projects, will have the capacity to generate 7,100MW and 4,500MW of electricity respectively. China will provide $27 billion to fund the construction of the two dams, according to media reports.

Pakistan's Hydropower Potential:

Pakistan has the potential to generate 59,000MW of hydropower, according to studies conducted by the nation's Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA). Currently, it's generating only 6,600MW of hydroelectric power, about 11% of the estimated potential. Media reports indicate that China is prepared to finance and build another 40,000MW capacity as part of the development of the Northern Indus Cascade region which begins in Skardu in Gilgit-Baltistan and runs through to Tarbela, the site of Pakistan’s biggest dam, in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province.

Diamer-Bhasha Water Storage:

Diamer-Bhasha project is located on Indus River, about 200 miles upstream from the existing Tarbela Dam, 100 miles downstream from the Northern Area capital Gilgit in Gilgit-Baltistan region. It will generate 4,500 MW of electricity and its reservoir will hold so much water that it could have averted recent devastating floods that affected large parts of Pakistan. It would also provide enough electricity to end Pakistan's crippling shortages, according to a report in the Guardian newspaper. The Diamer-Bhasha reservoir would be 50 miles long, holding 8.5 MAF (million acre feet) of water.

Response to Climate Change:

Pakistan has made only a small contribution to climate change through carbon emissions. And yet, it counts among the dozen or so nations considered most vulnerable to its damaging effects. These include rising temperatures, recurring cycles of floods and droughts and resulting disruption in food production.

One of the ways Pakistan can help reduce carbon emissions is by realizing its full hydroelectric potential by building more dams. The development of the Northern Indus Cascade region to generate 40,000MW of hydropower is a significant part of this effort.

Prerequisite for Economic Development:

Availability of abundant and cheap electricity has historically preceded rapid economic development in America, Europe and East Asia. Pakistan has an opportunity to meet this prerequisite by generating large amounts of clean renewable hydropower to meet its hunger for energy required for rapid economic growth in all sectors of the economy ranging from agriculture to manufacturing and services.

Summary:

Pakistan is endowed with significant amount of water and power resources that can be harnessed to enable rapid economic growth in all sectors of its economy. It appears that the Chinese investment, as part of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, is now putting this goal within reach. Tens of thousands of megawatts of added electricity and millions of acre feet of additional water will hopefully transform Pakistan's economy and bring prosperity to its people.

Related Links:

Haq's Musings

Recurring Cycles of Drought and Floods in Pakistan

Pakistan's Response to Climate Change

Renewable Energy for Pakistan

LNG Imports in Pakistan

Growing Water Scarcity in Pakistan

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor

Ownership of Appliances and Vehicles in Pakistan

http://www.riazhaq.com/2017/05/pakistan-to-build-massive-dams-for.html

There goes up in flames india's plans to use water deprivation as a weapon against us. As do ALL india's plans to threatened/destroy Pakistan. A few months ago, some india's on PDF were getting excited about using this as a way of coercing and subduing Pakistan. EPIC FAILURE as ever.

 

[Path-Finder]

Not in our life times

 

[ziaulislam]

time Katzarah was in 1960s-1980s
now its not a good project as most of populated areas of GB will be under water.
not a good idea to displace most of the population of a province this will have political ramification on our Kashmir cause too

remember all the sites were identified way back in 1960s and than a small study in 1980s.
if we do a detail study we might find more dam sites whether they be off channel on on channel

bunji is ingenious project , it utilize a very long loop of indus for power generation, i think it is the most cost effective project you can build. with 24 billion units(vs 5b units of NJ) units it would be 1/3 of total power produced of Pakistan
it should cost no more than 6-7 billion dollars with zero population displacement! and tunnel of just 8-10km vs 60~of NJ if i am not wrong.
right now the most important project is just to build the resorviour of bhasha so we can protect down stream projects and increase their yield followed by bunji. Dasu has funding already and next phase will onlybe useful after you have neough water i.e bhasha dam

about 4-5 B units will be added by water regulation down stream in tarbela, GZ B, chashma, dasu etc if bhasha dam is built(resoviour only) this should not cost more than 3-4 billion dollars(if you remove electric work, power house and turbines/lines)

alas we lack good planning

we also need to desilt tarbela dam
there was a feasibility report but was shelved due to expense and stupidity of doing ghazi brotha project(not cost effective project if you look at other options in our country but was pro punjab project)

 

[POPEYE-Sailor]

Dam is good for pakistan but who will counter province argument's ? Like in past we heard this rubbish from Sindhi jahil govt Punjab will stop water for sindh blah blah ? Any hope fpr Kala Bagh DAM ?

 

[sohail.ishaque]

time Katzarah was in 1960s-1980s
now its not a good project as most of populated areas of GB will be under water.
not a good idea to displace most of the population of a province this will have political ramification on our Kashmir cause too

remember all the sites were identified way back in 1960s and than a small study in 1980s.
if we do a detail study we might find more dam sites whether they be off channel on on chann
alas we lack good planning

we also need to desilt tarbela dam
there was a feasibility report but was shelved due to expense and stupidity of doing ghazi brotha project(not cost effective project if you look at other options in our country but was pro punjab project)

The most proper way to desilt Tarbela dam is to make Katzarah dam,. Skardu is a desert(cold desert of the world) and its soil will keep flowing with water downways and desilt all the dams in its way and the only way to make sure its soil remain in its place is to make a dam there and thats why with Katzarah dam the life span of rest of the following dams increases dramatically..

 

[Fyaaz Khan]

Then, where the hell is KalaBagh dam ???
The best ever dam project in Pakistan but unfortunately India and Indian lobby inside Pakistan has spoiled the most profitable and much needed dam for Pakistan.
Reports warn that by the year 2025, Pakistan may face a serious water crisis; the World Resources Institute also ranked Pakistan among the 36 most water-stressed countries in the world in December 2013. The renewable water resources in Pakistan decreased from 2,961 cubic meters per capita in 2000 to 1,420 cubic meters in 2005, according to UN World Water Development Report.
ANP (awami national party), which is the main stream Pro-Indian party in the Pakistan, always protracting Indian interests especially Pakistan not to let build dams in the country, creating a controversy between provinces, and our uneducated people are their blind followers are also against KalaBagh dam because our sold politicians continuously telling people of KPK and interior Sindh, that KalaBadh will creat water shortage in the province and Nowshera city will be washed out if there will be flood.
The Kalabagh dam has long been a subject of heated debate in Pakistan, where politicians argue on the provincial share of water from the river. Recently, the dam has again become a focus of political point scoring when Imran Khan, who is leading the KPK province political administration is very much in favor of construction of KalaBagh dam.
India is spending billions on these politicians (traitors) and using them successfully to abandon such huge dam projects for decades. unfortunately our intelligence agencies are not so capable to hunt down these traitors.
Pakistan has used only about 10 percent of its estimated 56,000 mw of economically viable hydropower potential, a proportion around 30 percent lower than India and China and around 75 percent lower than other developed states. The country is not only facing severe electricity shortage but despite the best irrigation system, it still imports wheat on credit from abroad.
And when we expect from our politicians that they will solve our serious issues especially energy crises the supreme problem of Pakistan. they don't want Pakistan out of trouble.
kiyon keh Jahil qaum nay apnay mukadar ka kalam choron, luteron aur nihaiyat hi bad-diyanat kisam kay logoon kay hath day diya hai... jo itnay sastay hain keh apnay sath apni maaa ko bhi baich kar apnay matlab ka sauda kar detay hain. kiyon keh on k liye pakistan kay bachoon ka future koi ehmiyat nahi rakhta.. bas apnay bachoon ka future hi on ka agenda hai. :-(

 

[ziaulislam]

Then, where the hell is KalaBagh dam ???
The best ever dam project in Pakistan but unfortunately India and Indian lobby inside Pakistan has spoiled the most profitable and much needed dam for Pakistan.
Reports warn that by the year 2025, Pakistan may face a serious water crisis; the World Resources Institute also ranked Pakistan among the 36 most water-stressed countries in the world in December 2013. The renewable water resources in Pakistan decreased from 2,961 cubic meters per capita in 2000 to 1,420 cubic meters in 2005, according to UN World Water Development Report.
ANP (awami national party), which is the main stream Pro-Indian party in the Pakistan, always protracting Indian interests especially Pakistan not to let build dams in the country, creating a controversy between provinces, and our uneducated people are their blind followers are also against KalaBagh dam because our sold politicians continuously telling people of KPK and interior Sindh, that KalaBadh will creat water shortage in the province and Nowshera city will be washed out if there will be flood.
The Kalabagh dam has long been a subject of heated debate in Pakistan, where politicians argue on the provincial share of water from the river. Recently, the dam has again become a focus of political point scoring when Imran Khan, who is leading the KPK province political administration is very much in favor of construction of KalaBagh dam.
India is spending billions on these politicians (traitors) and using them successfully to abandon such huge dam projects for decades. unfortunately our intelligence agencies are not so capable to hunt down these traitors.
Pakistan has used only about 10 percent of its estimated 56,000 mw of economically viable hydropower potential, a proportion around 30 percent lower than India and China and around 75 percent lower than other developed states. The country is not only facing severe electricity shortage but despite the best irrigation system, it still imports wheat on credit from abroad.
And when we expect from our politicians that they will solve our serious issues especially energy crises the supreme problem of Pakistan. they don't want Pakistan out of trouble.
kiyon keh Jahil qaum nay apnay mukadar ka kalam choron, luteron aur nihaiyat hi bad-diyanat kisam kay logoon kay hath day diya hai... jo itnay sastay hain keh apnay sath apni maaa ko bhi baich kar apnay matlab ka sauda kar detay hain. kiyon keh on k liye pakistan kay bachoon ka future koi ehmiyat nahi rakhta.. bas apnay bachoon ka future hi on ka agenda hai. :-(

you have two option cry for kalabagh dam or build 2 dozens other alternatives
now as we know our politicians dont want to build dams so they choose option one and hence contiuely fooled the vote bank in punjab that its not their fault, hell why not build akhori dam, can be build as fast as kalabagh only down side is its generation is 3000M

from survey in 1980s we have atleast 6 mega dam sites in addition to kalabagh and 4 of them are in punjab

it pisses me off when people mention kalabagh not that i am against it, i want it be build but its like a man crying for girl he lives and refuses to go with his life when there are 3 billion more girls on the planet

and these are mega dams, i am not counting smaller 1-3MAF dams, there are half a dozen those too

which to be honest are easier to build as they cost less and thus are more viable but as i said metros are more important
e.g a single islamabad metro cost can cover cost of munda dam with 1.2MAF storage

or orange line railway can cover cost of both munda and kurram tangi=combined 2.5MAF=40% subz bagh dam

 

[313ghazi]

Will people of GB get royalties from these dams, or will they only be promised like they were for Mangla and the people of AJK?

Hydropower is great, but we also need to consider the impact on the environment of mega dams. How will it impact flow of rivers, what effect will it have on the downstream water table?

These issues need to be addressed by building canals and small reserviors downstream to store water and let it seep into the water table. Also this network could be used to harvest flood water during monsoon season.

 

[Fledgingwings]

This report is not true.

But Isnt diamer bhasha dam under construction? and neelum jehlum?

 

[FuturePAF]

How about an alternative option; The Pakistan Flood Control System; which was actually presented to WAPDA but they didn't have the funds or political will during the Zardari Administration. It is focused on preventing flooding, and thereby mitigating the future damage like the 2010 floods did. It also addresses the concerns of all of the provinces; especially Sindh and the needs of Karachi's water supply specifically. It increasing arable land by up to 75%, which could give the nation an increase in agricultural exports of up to 75% (or more if we implement modern agricultural technology), and will be a lot cheaper.

I hope we, Pakistanis can review this, and whichever elements we can agree upon, we should approach the Chinese for funding to initiate this ASAP and jump start a new agricultural, electrical, and jobs revolution for the nation.


P.S. I have absolutely no financial or familial ties with the author or any other parties in this report; I only do this as a gesture of my patriotism

 

[wiseone2]

Then, where the hell is KalaBagh dam ???
The best ever dam project in Pakistan but unfortunately India and Indian lobby inside Pakistan has spoiled the most profitable and much needed dam for Pakistan.
Reports warn that by the year 2025, Pakistan may face a serious water crisis; the World Resources Institute also ranked Pakistan among the 36 most water-stressed countries in the world in December 2013. The renewable water resources in Pakistan decreased from 2,961 cubic meters per capita in 2000 to 1,420 cubic meters in 2005, according to UN World Water Development Report.
ANP (awami national party), which is the main stream Pro-Indian party in the Pakistan, always protracting Indian interests especially Pakistan not to let build dams in the country, creating a controversy between provinces, and our uneducated people are their blind followers are also against KalaBagh dam because our sold politicians continuously telling people of KPK and interior Sindh, that KalaBadh will creat water shortage in the province and Nowshera city will be washed out if there will be flood.
The Kalabagh dam has long been a subject of heated debate in Pakistan, where politicians argue on the provincial share of water from the river. Recently, the dam has again become a focus of political point scoring when Imran Khan, who is leading the KPK province political administration is very much in favor of construction of KalaBagh dam.
India is spending billions on these politicians (traitors) and using them successfully to abandon such huge dam projects for decades. unfortunately our intelligence agencies are not so capable to hunt down these traitors.
Pakistan has used only about 10 percent of its estimated 56,000 mw of economically viable hydropower potential, a proportion around 30 percent lower than India and China and around 75 percent lower than other developed states. The country is not only facing severe electricity shortage but despite the best irrigation system, it still imports wheat on credit from abroad.
And when we expect from our politicians that they will solve our serious issues especially energy crises the supreme problem of Pakistan. they don't want Pakistan out of trouble.
kiyon keh Jahil qaum nay apnay mukadar ka kalam choron, luteron aur nihaiyat hi bad-diyanat kisam kay logoon kay hath day diya hai... jo itnay sastay hain keh apnay sath apni maaa ko bhi baich kar apnay matlab ka sauda kar detay hain. kiyon keh on k liye pakistan kay bachoon ka future koi ehmiyat nahi rakhta.. bas apnay bachoon ka future hi on ka agenda hai. :-(

You give India way too much credit ...

Will people of GB get royalties from these dams, or will they only be promised like they were for Mangla and the people of AJK?

Hydropower is great, but we also need to consider the impact on the environment of mega dams. How will it impact flow of rivers, what effect will it have on the downstream water table?

These issues need to be addressed by building canals and small reserviors downstream to store water and let it seep into the water table. Also this network could be used to harvest flood water during monsoon season.

water management is a lot trickier than building mega-dams