Your Favourite Sam Missile Systems

[rockstarIN]

Externally at least, the Akash missile appears to be very similar - if not identical - to the Russian 2K12 Kub (SA-6 Gainfull). So, what the Akash system does it have over this old Russian system?

Both are very different.
Aakash using new PESA Radar, ramjet powered, have thrust during the flight, as even most of the new SAMs do not.

 

[TheWarriorIndian]

Externally at least, the Akash missile appears to be very similar - if not identical - to the Russian 2K12 Kub (SA-6 Gainfull). So, what the Akash system does it have over this old Russian system?

1) A single Akash missile has an 88% Probability of kill. Two missiles can be fired, five seconds apart, to raise the Probability of Kill to 98.5%....

2)The missile is guided by a phased array fire control radar called 'Rajendra' which is termed as Battery Level Radar with a tracking range of about 60 km.. It can track 64 targets in range, azimuth and height and guide eight missiles simultaneously towards four targets

3)Long range target acquisition is performed by the 3D Central Acquisition Radar , which is a long range surveillance radar that can track 150 targets in Track while Scan mode at a range of 180 km


4)The Akash ,like the Russian 2K12 Kub, utilizes an integrated ramjet-rocket propulsion system, which provides thrust for the missile throughout its entire flight. "Because this missile has an integrated ram-rocket, maneuverability is highest. The engine is 'on' throughout the flight. The thrust is on till the missile intercepts the target. Most other surface-to-air missiles, including the U.S. Patriot and the Russian S-300 series, use solid-fuel rocket propulsion.

​

 

[Penguin]

Both are very different.
Aakash using new PESA Radar, ramjet powered, have thrust during the flight, as even most of the new SAMs do not.

Quoted from your collegue: "The Akash ,like the Russian 2K12 Kub, utilizes an integrated ramjet-rocket propulsion system, which provides thrust for the missile throughout its entire flight"

Correct me if I'm wrong, that sounds top me like the missile isn't all that different from SA-6 but mostly the rest of the system (i.e. radars, fire control etc) is.

So, what are the (operational) advantages of the Akash system relative to the SA-6 system?

 

[TheWarriorIndian]

Quoted from your collegue: "The Akash ,like the Russian 2K12 Kub, utilizes an integrated ramjet-rocket propulsion system, which provides thrust for the missile throughout its entire flight"

Correct me if I'm wrong, that sounds top me like the missile isn't all that different from SA-6 but mostly the rest of the system (i.e. radars, fire control etc) is.

So, what are the advantages relative to SA-6?

Well sir, The expectations from a Surface to Air Missile is obvious may it be an SA-6 or Akash or Spyder or S-300 or From Patriot.... What are the Criterias By Which I could Explain the Difference to You??

 

[Penguin]

Well sir, The expectations from a Surface to Air Missile is obvious may it be an SA-6 or Akash or Spyder or S-300 or From Patriot....

Yes, very obvious: you all want them to be capable of shooting down aircraft and preferably cruise missiles. Duh. Let me spell it out for you:

What are the Criterias By Which I could Explain the Difference to You??

Quite simply, what can the -new- Akash system do that the (modernized) -old- SA-6 system can't do. In other words, unless there is a significant improvement in capability from SA-6 to Akash, why bother with Akash. So, what is the significant improvement, particularly as the missile appears by and large identical. E.g. what kind of advantage does having a PESA radar give relative to the original SA-6?

It is estimated that the SA-6a missile has a length of 5.7 metres, body diameter of 0.335 metres, a wing span of 1.245 metres, a tail span of 1.524 metres and has a launch weight of 599kg with a 56kg HE-fragmentation warhead. Proximity and contact fuses are armed after some 50 metres of flight. The basic SA-6a has a maximum effective range of 24,000 metres and has a minimum effective range of 3,000 metres, the minimum engagement height is 100 metres when using the fire control radar and 80 metres when in the optical tracking mode, the maximum effective altitude is about 11,000 metres.

http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Equipment/Artillery/362-Kvadrat.html

The Akash uses an integral ramjet rocket propulsion system to give a low-volume, low-weight (700 kg launch weight) missile configuration... Akash has a range of 27 km, with an effective ceiling of 15 km.

In appearance, Akash is very similar to the ZRK-SD Kub (SA-6), with four long tube ramjet inlet ducts mounted mid-body between wings. Four clipped triangular moving wings, mid-body, for pitch/yaw control. Forward of tail, four inline clipped delta fins with ailerons for roll control. Flight control surfaces operated by pneumatic actuators. The warhead has a lethal radius of 20 metres, weighs 60 kg and has Doppler radar proximity/contact fusing.

http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MISSILES/sam/akash-sam.html

E.g., Akash missile weighs about 100kg more than SA-6 missile (+20&#37 , including a 60kg rather than a 56kg warhead (+7%), a range of 27km versus 24km (+13%) and an altitude of 15km versus 11km (+36%).

 

[TheWarriorIndian]

@Penguin::You by Yourself Have attached two Links , Which is an Answer to all The queries Raised By You sir....

 

[@rrows]

SPADA is my favourite.

 

[Nav]

THAAD Is ABM by Nature not SAM.

 

[Nav]

What is the probability of Sa-6 being Painted in Akash Colors?

 

[rockstarIN]

Well sir, The expectations from a Surface to Air Missile is obvious may it be an SA-6 or Akash or Spyder or S-300 or From Patriot....

Yes, very obvious: you all want them to be capable of shooting down aircraft and preferably cruise missiles. Duh. Let me spell it out for you:



Quite simply, what can the -new- Akash system do that the (modernized) -old- SA-6 system can't do. In other words, unless there is a significant improvement in capability from SA-6 to Akash, why bother with Akash. So, what is the significant improvement, particularly as the missile appears by and large identical. E.g. what kind of advantage does having a PESA radar give relative to the original SA-6?


Bharat Rakshak :: Land Forces Site - ZRK SD Kvadrat


Bharat Rakshak - Missiles Section Akash SAM

E.g., Akash missile weighs about 100kg more than SA-6 missile (+20%) , including a 60kg rather than a 56kg warhead (+7%), a range of 27km versus 24km (+13%) and an altitude of 15km versus 11km (+36%).

If you look at that way, most of the short to medium range SAMs have more or less same specifications. Fire control and Radars are different.

As per the test trails it has got kill probability of more than 88% in single fire where as Patriots have 60% (??)

And the most important part is IAF & IA choose this. They hardly believe and buy Indian systems and always go after foreign stuff in all acquisitions. In that way it really worthy (Cost effective too)

 

[rockstarIN]

What is the probability of Sa-6 being Painted in Akash Colors?

Dude, forget Akkash, below is the performance of SA-6 in real wars.

Yom Kippur War

The 2K12 surprised the Israelis in the 1973 Yom Kippur War. They were used to having air superiority over the battlefield. The highly mobile 2K12 took a heavy toll on the slower A-4 Skyhawk and even the F-4 Phantom, forming a protective umbrella until they could be removed.

Iraq

A USAF F-16 (serial 87-228) was shot down on January 19, 1991 by an SA-6.

Two days before, a B-52G was damaged by a SAM which could have been an SA-6 or an SA-3.

Bosnia and Kosovo

Army of Republika Srpska forces, using modified SA-6s were successful in shooting down Scott O'Grady's F-16 in 1995

Rgds

 

[Super Falcon]

Pantsyr-S1 (also known as Pantsir) is a close-in air defence system designed to defend ground installations against a variety of weapons including fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters, ballistic and cruise missiles, precision-guided munitions and unmanned air vehicles. It can also engage light-armoured ground targets.

It was designed by the KBP Instrument Design Bureau of Tula, Russia, and is manufactured by the Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant, Ulyanovsk, Russia. It has the reporting name SA-22 Greyhound.

Pantsyr combines two 2A38M 30mm automatic anti-aircraft guns developed from the two-barreled 30mm GSh-30 gun.

The Pantsyr S1 air defence missile / gun system can function in several wave bands and operate on a multimode adaptive radar-optical control system. The system has been designed to engage all target types, especially high-precision weapons, considering their developments as far ahead as 2020-2025. It has a high kill probability of about 0.7 to 0.95 against all targets. Its automatic combat capability makes it operate both autonomously and also as a seperate unit.

The system is currently undergoing trials with the Russian Air Force. Pantsyr-S1 G/M AD latest version was exhibited at the Russian Expo Arms 2008.

"Pantsyr-S1 (Pantsir) is a close-in air defence system designed to defend ground installations against a variety of weapons."In May 2000, the United Arab Emirates ordered 50 96K6 Pantsyr-S1 systems, mounted on MAN SX 45 8×8 wheeled vehicles. The order was worth $734m.

The first batch was delivered in November 2004. However a new radar was requested by the UAE and first deliveries of the completed system took place in 2007.

Syria has placed an order for 50 Pantsyr-S1 systems. Deliveries began in June 2008. Jordan has also placed an order for an undisclosed number of systems.

Pantsyr armament

Pantsyr-S1 carries 12 57E6 surface-to-air missiles on launchers. The missile has a bicalibre body in tandem configuration, separable booster and sustainer with separation mechanism. The sustainer contains the warhead and contact and proximity fuses. The fragmentation rod warhead weighs 16kg. The missile weighs 65kg at launch and has a maximum speed of 1,100m a second. The range is between 1km and 12km.

Two 2A72 30mm guns are fitted with 750 rounds of a variety of ammunition – HE (high-explosive) fragmentation, fragmentation tracer and armour-piercing with tracer. Ammunition type can be selected by the crew depending on the nature of the target. Maximum rate of fire is 700 rounds a minute. Range is up to 4km.

Fire control system

The Pantsyr-S1 fire control system includes a target acquisition radar and dual waveband tracking radar, which operates in the millimetre and centimetre waveband. Detection range is 30km and tracking range is 24km for a 2cm² to 3cm² target. This radar tracks both targets and the surface-to-air missile while in flight.

As well as radar, the fire control system also has an electro-optic channel with long-wave thermal imager and infrared direction finder, including digital signal processing and automatic target tracking. A simplified, lower-cost version of Pantsyr-S1 is also being developed for export, with only the electro-optic fire control system fitted.

"The radar tracks both targets and the surface-to-air missile while in flight."The two independent guidance channels - radar and electro-optic - allow two targets to be engaged simultaneously. Maximum engagement rate is 12 targets a minute.

The Pantsyr-S1E systems for the UAE will be fitted with a new MRLS fire control radar. MRLS is a phased array radar operating at 40GHz (K band), with a range of up to 28km.

Vehicle

Pantsyr-S1 is mounted on a 10t Ural-5323 truck chassis with a turret that houses the armament, laying drives, sensors, control equipment and crew.

The Ural-5323 truck is four-axle, 8×8 all-wheel drive with single tyre wheels. The first and second axle wheels are steerable. The engine is an air-cooled diesel Ural-745.10 providing 290hp. The dual-plate mechanical clutch has a pneumatic booster and three-range five-speed gearbox.

A two-stage transfer case has lockable symmetrical interaxle differential. Suspension is by rigid-axle bogie on longitudinal semi-elliptical leaf springs. Front suspension is fitted with hydraulic shock absorbers. The Ural-5323 can ford up to 1.75m of water.




The THAAD (theatre high-altitude area defence) missile system is an easily transportable defensive weapon system to protect against hostile incoming threats such as tactical and theatre ballistic missiles at ranges of 200km and at altitudes up to 150km.

The THAAD system provides the upper tier of a 'layered defensive shield' to protect high value strategic or tactical sites such as airfields or populations centres. The THAAD missile intercepts exo-atmospheric and endo-atmospheric threats.

The sites would also be protected with lower and medium-tier defensive shield systems such as the Patriot PAC-3 which intercepts hostile incoming missiles at 20 to 100 times lower altitudes.

THAAD programme
The US Army is expected to acquire 80 to 99 THAAD launchers, 18 ground-based radars and a total of 1,422 THAAD missiles. Two THAAD battalions are planned, each with four batteries.

"The target object data and the predicted intercept point are downloaded to the missile prior to launch."In 1992 Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space and other industrial team partners were awarded a $689m contract to develop the THAAD system. Raytheon was selected as sub-contractor to develop the ground-based radar.

Raytheon is responsible for the solid-state receiver / transmitter modules. TRW is responsible for software development. The other main contractors are Raytheon for the traveling wave tubes, Datatape for the data recorders and EBCO for radar turrets.

The THAAD programme entered the engineering and manufacturing development (EMD) phase in 2000. In May 2004, production of 16 flight test missiles began at Lockheed Martin's new production facilities in Pike County, Alabama.

Flight testing, at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, of the EMD system began in 2005. The first flight test of the entire system including missile, launcher, radar and fire control system took place in May 2006. Flight testing began at Pacific Missile Range, Kauai, Hawaii in January 2007 with a successful intercept test in the high endo-atmosphere.

A second successful test took place in April 2007 with intercept in the mid endo-atmosphere. The final White Sands test took place in June 2007, with a low endo-atmosphere test. In October 2007, THAAD performed a successful intercept of a unitary target outside the atmosphere (exo-atmospheric). In June 2008, THAAD successfully intercepted a separating target in mid-endo-atmosphere. Tests will continue at PMR till 2009.

In January 2007, Lockheed Martin was awarded a contract for the first two production THAAD systems, to include six launchers, 48 missiles, two radars and two tactical operations centers. Initial operating capability (IOC) is expected in 2009.

In May 2008, the US Army activated the first THAAD battery unit at Fort Bliss, Texas, which will receive 24 missiles, three launchers, one fire control and one radar unit for initial fielding. This is in preparation for full system fielding in 2009.

In August 2007, Lockheed Martin announced that THAAD launcher, fire control and communications units will be built at its Camden, Arkansas facility. The THAAD interceptor is built at its Pike County facility in Troy, Alabama.

In September 2008, the United Arab Emirates requested the sale of three THAAD fire units, 147 missiles, four THAAD radars, six fire control stations and nine launchers.

Battery
The THAAD battery will typically operate nine launch vehicles each carrying eight missiles, with two mobile tactical operations centres (TOCs) and a ground-based radar (GBR).

THAAD missile information
The target object data and the predicted intercept point are downloaded to the missile prior to launch. The updated target and intercept data are also transmitted to the missile in flight.

The missile is 6.17m in length and is equipped with a single stage solid fuel rocket motor with thrust vectoring. The rocket motor is supplied by Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne. The launch weight is 900kg.

"The THAAD (theatre high-altitude area defence) missile system is an easily transportable defensive weapon."A separation motor is installed at the interstage at the forward end of the booster section. The separation motor assists in the separation of the kinetic kill vehicle (KKV) and the spent boost motor.

The shroud separates from the KV before impact. The KV is equipped with a liquid-fuelled divert and attitude control system (DACS), developed by Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne, for the terminal maneuvering towards the target intercept point.

A gimbal-mounted infrared seeker module in the nose section provides terminal homing to close in on the target missile in the terminal phase of approach.

During the initial fly-out phase of flight, the seeker window is covered with a two-piece clamshell protection shroud. Metal bladders installed in the shroud are inflated to eject the protective shroud before the seeker initiates target acquisition. The infrared seeker head, developed by BAe Systems, is an indium antimonide (InSb) staring focal plane array operating in the mid infrared 3 to 5 micron wavelength band.

M1075 truck-mounted launcher
There are nine M1075 truck mounted launchers in a typical THAAD battery. Launch vehicle is a modified Oshkosh Truck Corporation heavy expanded mobility tactical truck with load-handling system (HEMTT-LHS). The 12m-long by 3.25m-wide launch vehicle carries ten missile launch containers. While on the launcher, lead acid batteries provide the primary power. The batteries are recharged with a low-noise generator.

After firing, reloading the launch vehicle takes 30 minutes.

Ground-based radar
The cueing for the THAAD system is provided by the Raytheon Systems AN/TPY-2 ground-based radar (GBR) for surveillance, threat classification and threat identification. THAAD can also be cued by military surveillance satellites such as Brilliant Eyes.

The ground based radar units are C-130 air transportable. The AN/TPY-2 radar uses a 9.2m² aperture full field of view antenna phased array operating at I and J bands (X band) and containing 25,344 solid-state microwave transmit and receive modules. The radar has the capability to acquire missile threats at ranges up to 1,000km.

The first production radar is being tested at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. In September 2004, the THAAD radar tracked a tactical ballistic missile, cueing a successful intercept by a Patriot PAC-3 missile. A second radar was delivered to White Sands in June 2007.

Tactical operations centre

Each THAAD battery has two tactical operations centres (TOC). The TOC has been developed by Northrop Grumman, formerly Litton Data Systems Division. The TOC accommodates two operator stations and is equipped with three Hewlett-Packard HP-735 data processors.

"The THAAD missile uses kinetic energy, hit-to-kill technology."Mobile BMC3I units
The THAAD system is able to 'hand over' targets to other defence systems and can cue the targets to other weapons. THAAD is able to interface to other US or allied air defence data information networks and to the battle management and command control and communications centre.

Northrop Grumman has been contracted to develop the THAAD BMC3I. The battle management and command, control, computers and intelligence (BMC3I) units are installed in hardened shelters mounted on high-mobility multi-wheeled vehicles (HMMWVs).

The THAAD communications system can use JTIDS, mobile subscriber equipment, SINCGARS and the joint tactical terminal for voice and data communications and for intelligence data transfer.

 

[Super Falcon]

The Saab Bofors Dynamics Bamse all-weather, all-target, air defence missile system is deployed to protect fixed and mobile assets. It can be used against a range of threats including fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft, unmanned aircraft, stand-off missiles, cruise and anti-radiation missiles and guided bombs.

Bamse is effective against very small and very fast targets such as air-to-surface attack missiles. The system has all-weather capability and a target range that exceeds the stand-off distance of electro-optically controlled weapons. The system provides a target range over 15km and coverage to an altitude up to 15,000m.

Bofors (later to become Saab Bofors) and Ericsson (now Saab) Microwave Systems completed the project definition phase in 1991 and the engineering development program began in 1992.

In 1993 the Swedish Government placed a contract on the then Bofors Missiles and Ericsson to carry out the full-scale development of the Bamse system.

The Bamse system has successfully completed a series of performance trials carried out by the Swedish Defence Forces, Forsvarets Materielverk (FMV, the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration) and the FOA Research Institute of the Swedish National Defence (FOA).

In 2000, the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration awarded Saab a production contract for the system. BAMSE demonstrator system entered service with the Swedish armed forces in 2005.

In May 2008, the first production system was delivered and the Swedish Armed Forces announced that operational units would begin formation before the end of 2008.

Bamse firing battery
The Bamse firing battery includes a surveillance coordination centre and three missile control centres. The missile control centres are towed to position by a cross-country vehicle, which also carries a store of missiles for reloading.

The system can be deployed and prepared for firing in less than ten minutes.

Surveillance control centre
The surveillance control centre is installed in a truck-mounted 20ft standard container, which is armoured to provide protection against fragmentation and against nuclear, biological and chemical warfare environments.

The surveillance control centre is equipped with the Ericsson Microwave Systems Giraffe AMB (Agile Multi-Beam) 3D surveillance radar with a 12m-high mast which operates at C-band (5.40GHz to 5.90GHz).

"The Bamse firing battery includes a surveillance coordination centre and three missile control centres."The Giraffe AMB uses a 'stacked beam' antenna arrangement, with one wide beam for transmission and multiple narrow beams for simultaneous reception. This provides a target update rate of one per second, with an elevation coverage of more than 70°. The IFF transmit and receive units are mounted on the radar antenna.

The surveillance control centre, operated by a crew of one or two, carries out real-time threat evaluation and combat coordination with target acquisition, identification, tracking and prioritisation.

The surveillance control centre automatically selects the optimum missile control centre to engage the target and hands over the target data.

One surveillance coordination centre can coordinate up to four missile control centres. The distance between the surveillance control centre and the missile control centres is typically 10km and between missile control centres, 20km.

Both the missile control centre and the surveillance coordination centre are equipped with embedded simulators allowing training and mission planning using a large library of simulation scenarios.

Missile control centre
The missile launcher with six ready-to-fire missiles is installed on the roof of the missile control centre. The centre, which is fragment-protected and nuclear, biological and chemical warfare (NBC) protected, houses two computer stations and is operated by one or two crew.

The missile control centres are linked by cable or by radio data communications to the surveillance control centre. The radio data link has a maximum range of 15km. For the Swedish Armed Forces the BAMSE uses the TS 9000 tactical radio net.

The missile control centre initiates the target engagement sequence either autonomously or on receipt of a signal from the surveillance control centre.

The missile control centre is equipped with a variant of the K-band 34GHz to 35GHz Eagle fire control radar developed by Ericsson, a suite of weather sensors, an information friend or foe interrogator and a thermal imager.

"Bamse is effective against very small and very fast targets such as air-to-surface attack missiles."The sensors are mounted on a mast that can be raised to 8m in height. The elevation arm of the mast is installed between the missile launch tubes to protect the radar against obstacles while the vehicle is in transit.

The ability of the sensors to look over obstacles near the deployment site gives the missile control centre improved capability to acquire and track low flying hostile targets. After firing the launcher is reloaded in under four minutes.

The missile control centre is also used to carry out threat evaluation and engagement planning.

Missile

The radar command-to-line-of-sight (CLOS) missile uses solid propellant booster and sustainer rocket motors which give the missile high acceleration and high maintained velocity. Nammo supplies the sustainer rocket motor and components for the booster motor. The missile has a range of more than 15km and covers altitudes to 15,000m.

The missile has high manoeuvrability, even at the outer range limit. The fragmentation and shaped charge warhead is equipped with a proximity fuse and an impact fuse.




Tunguska-M1 is a gun/missile system for low-level air defence. The system was designed by the KBP Instrument Design Bureau in Tula, Russia and is manufactured by the Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant, Ulyanovsk, Russia. It can engage targets while stationary and on the move, using missiles for long-range targets and guns for close-in defence. It is designed for defence against both fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters and can also fire on ground targets.

Tunguska entered service with the Russian army in 1988 and has been exported to Germany, India, Peru and Ukraine. Morocco ordered 12 Tunguska M1 systems in December 2004.

ARMAMENT

The Tunguska-M1 vehicle carries eight 9M311-M1 surface-to-air missiles. The missile (NATO designation SA-19 Grison) has semi-automatic radar command to line-of-sight guidance, weighs 40kg with a 9kg warhead. It is 2.5m long with a diameter of 1.7m and wingspan of 2.2m. The missile's maximum speed is 900m/s and can engage targets travelling at speeds up to 500m/s. Range is from 15 to 6,000m for ground targets and 15 to 10,000m for air targets.

Two twin-barrel 30mm anti-aircraft guns are mounted on the vehicle. These guns have a maximum firing rate of 5,000 rounds per minute and a range of 3,000m against air targets. This extends to 4,000m against ground targets.

FIRE CONTROL

The system has target acquisition radar and target tracking radar, optical sight, digital computing system, tilt angle measuring system and navigation equipment. Radar detection range is 18km and tracking range is 16km.

VEHICLE

The Tunguska-M1 system is mounted on a 34t tracked vehicle with multi-fuel engine. It has hydromechanical transmission, hydropneumatic suspension which allows for changing road clearance and hydraulic track-tensioning. The armoured turret has both laying and stabilisation drives and power supply. Air-conditioning, heating and filtration systems are fitted.

A Tunguska-M1 battery is composed of up to six vehicles and will also include a transloader as well as maintenance and training facilities.

The armoured turret has both laying and stabilisation drives and power supply. Air-conditioning, heating and filtration systems are fitted. A Tunguska-M1 battery is composed of up to six vehicles and will also include a transloader as well as maintenance and training facilities.

 

[Super Falcon]

Well S -300,S-400 nothing comes close to these beasts as israel has also good air defence missile system iron dome,Arrow and spyder system but pakistan never seriously thought on this very importnant aspect of air war

 

[rsingh]

Brief Difference b\w ABM and SAM. I think India is in dire need to good ABMs. Is tracking system used in ABM different from SAM.