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Why Pakistan Produces Jihadists

Looks like Zakaria's article (quoted on the previous page) is the last word on this issue - totally consistent with previous criticism and facts, nothing more need be said, nor has anybody effectively contradicted it.
 
Terrorism is a multi dimensional phenomenon, not necessarily sinister or evil. French National anthem has lines praising terrorism. George Washington was proclaimed terrorist by the H.M Government from 1773 till the title was voided in 1795. Stalin, Mao Tse Tung, Charles de Gualle, Ahmed Ben Billah and Subash Chandra Bose were all terrorists at certain stage of their career.

To start with, State Terrorism is employed as an instrument of war by nation states; USA in Iraq / Afghanistan, Israel in Palestine, India in Kashmir and Salwa Jadun in Naxalite affected areas. The garden variety terrorism as we know it sprouts as a natural reaction to State Terrorism.

The spread of terrorism is Pakistan is attributable to the massive military operations conducted in FATA / Swat at the behest of the US. With all the care and caution you end up killing civilians and create the marginal conditions necessary to breed terrorism.
 
Terrorism is a multi dimensional phenomenon, not necessarily sinister or evil. French National anthem has lines praising terrorism. George Washington was proclaimed terrorist by the H.M Government from 1773 till the title was voided in 1795. Stalin, Mao Tse Tung, Charles de Gualle, Ahmed Ben Billah and Subash Chandra Bose were all terrorists at certain stage of their career.

To start with, State Terrorism is employed as an instrument of war by nation states; USA in Iraq / Afghanistan, Israel in Palestine, India in Kashmir and Salwa Jadun in Naxalite affected areas. The garden variety terrorism as we know it sprouts as a natural reaction to State Terrorism.

The spread of terrorism is Pakistan is attributable to the massive military operations conducted in FATA / Swat at the behest of the US. With all the care and caution you end up killing civilians and create the marginal conditions necessary to breed terrorism.
well if im not wrong the terrorist whom the Pakistan army is fighting in FATA are offshoots of Taliban and it is a matter of fact that Pakistan along with USofA Created these groups and now your are facing the monster your country(+USA)created and incubated .
Hope you notice that on your eastern front some groups work in full freedom against India(Like the Taliban once did against the erstwhile USSR)may turn against you it is not wise to support any of these groups that attack India may well turn on you.
Military action against them now is the only option left for you and saying the military operations against the terrorists in FATA is the root cause of Pakistanis terrorist problems is a naive statement
 
Terrorism is a multi dimensional phenomenon, not necessarily sinister or evil. French National anthem has lines praising terrorism. George Washington was proclaimed terrorist by the H.M Government from 1773 till the title was voided in 1795. Stalin, Mao Tse Tung, Charles de Gualle, Ahmed Ben Billah and Subash Chandra Bose were all terrorists at certain stage of their career.

To start with, State Terrorism is employed as an instrument of war by nation states; USA in Iraq / Afghanistan, Israel in Palestine, India in Kashmir and Salwa Jadun in Naxalite affected areas. The garden variety terrorism as we know it sprouts as a natural reaction to State Terrorism.

The spread of terrorism is Pakistan is attributable to the massive military operations conducted in FATA / Swat at the behest of the US. With all the care and caution you end up killing civilians and create the marginal conditions necessary to breed terrorism.

I think you need to Introspect your statements. Were there no terrorist groups in Pakistan before the FATA/Swat operation?
Was Ajmal Kasab inspired by this operation?

Please read this article in Dawn, will be an eye-opener for you.

Paths of terrorism lead but to Pakistan By Ardeshir Cowasjee
Sunday, 09 May, 2010

dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/columnists/19-ardeshir-cowasjee-paths-of-terrorism-lead-but-to-pakistan-950-hh-08

The adoption of terrorism tactics can no longer be merely attributed to ignorance, poverty, deprivation or hardship.

Many of our neo-terrorists are schooled and brainwashed beings, with a grudge, or several grudges, imbued with bravado, intent on disrupting what is left of civilised life, with nary a care as to how many complete strangers they either blow to smithereens or maim, or how much they destroy.

Pakistan of course has its daily dose of terrorism, in one form or another. Schools are blown up with regularity in the newly-named K-P province, bodies of men executed by the local Taliban are found, men have their hands chopped off, women are ‘dishonoured’ and our main cities are under siege, bunkered and concreted, awaiting the suicide bomber from up north or from down south in Punjab where they are said to be heavily congregated (for one, Ajmal Kasab).

Unless one of those strange and much despised creatures known as VIPs or often VVIPs are targeted, suicide and other bombings no longer earn headlines in the media. They are now taken as a matter of course.

But apart from terrorism connections within Pakistan, we have those outside Pakistan, the paths of which lead straight into our heartland. The latest New York Times Square failed car bomber is but one of a string of notable Pakistanis who have garnered academic degrees and are not materially down and out in any way. What is it about Pakistan that it manages to produce so many young men who are violence prone, caring neither for their own or other people’s lives? We seriously need to ask ourselves this question.

It was asked and partially answered in the Wall Street Journal of May 3 by Sadanand Dhume under the heading ‘Why Pakistan Produces Jihadists’. He firstly asks: “Why do Pakistan and the Pakistani diaspora churn out such a high proportion of the world’s terrorists?” He cites Mir Aimal Kasi, the CIA shooter, Ramzi Yousef, the 1993 World Trade Centre bomber, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed of 9/11 fame, Omar Saeed Sheikh, the Daniel Pearl kidnapper, and three of the four July 2005 London train bombers as being ‘made in Pakistan’.

He goes on to list a few “whose passage to jihadism passes through” Pakistan — Osama bin Laden himself, Ayman al-Zawahiri, Mohamed Atta, Richard Reid and his shoe, and John Walker Lindh of the so-called American Taliban. These are not lists to be proud of. Something is radically wrong and heaven alone knows how long it will take to even start to put it right. With the governments and leadership we have suffered and still suffer it is not likely that in the foreseeable future our production line will decrease, let alone cease.

Dhume puts much of it down to the distant past, to the formation of the country when he claims it “was touched by the messianic zeal of pan-Islamism”, with men such as Muhammad Asad (an early ambassador to the UN), Said Ramadan who collaborated with Abul Ala Maududi and with the 1949 establishment by Pakistan of the world’s first transnational Islamic organisation, the World Muslim Congress.

All this possibly may have set the trend — with massive help from Liaquat Ali Khan’s 1949 Objectives Resolution — but it was not until Ziaul Haq, army general and devout worshipper at the altar of his own dangerous brand of Islam, that bigotry and the inevitable violence that must accompany it truly set in. Even the mighty army was tainted, to a certain extent brainwashed by the joys of jihad.

The seal on the full conversion of the Pakistani mind towards militancy was stamped by the support given by Zia to the Mujahideen in Afghanistan and then by the adoption of the Taliban by Benazir Bhutto’s second government.

No one, not even the most nationalistic Pakistani, can deny that the country is used as a training ground for terrorists or jihadists or whatever.

It is open knowledge that both the ignorant poor and deprived and the university-educated youth, and even adult men, can come to Pakistan and learn how to make bombs to blow up themselves, if they so wish, and as many others that they can either take with them or leave dead and maimed while they flee.

Can some bright psychologist work out why Faisal Shahzad, a college graduate, son of a Pakistani air force officer, married with two children, was prompted to do what he did on May Day?

Friend I.A. Rehman has written an excellent column, finely tuned and finely balanced, published in this newspaper on May 6 on the subject of anarchy in Pakistan. It sets out many of the acts of government in recent days which come under the heading of anarchy. It should be widely disseminated so that people realise just what their lives are all about under this present dispensation which is at as much a loss with itself as it is with the governance of this unruly country. It is a sad commentary on the seemingly deliberate acts of commission and omission which so relentlessly beset us.

Strangely, the sole anarchic activity he has missed out on is the terrorism and jihad factor. Perhaps he, like so many, is hardened to the fact that it exists, that it has become a way of life and that it seemingly cannot be dealt with by the civilian government we have lurking on the ground, or will not be dealt with, for reasons we can but guess at, by the army that is the de facto ruler of this country for which the world at large has no love lost.
 
Why Pakistan Produces Jihadists?
Is this phenomenon Pakistan Specific?
 
Looks like Zakaria's article (quoted on the previous page) is the last word on this issue - totally consistent with previous criticism and facts, nothing more need be said, nor has anybody effectively contradicted it.

+1.

Zakaria is hitting where it hurts. Even "Ardeshir Cowasjee" is on the same league. Check the last para in my previous posting

Until the Pakistani military truly takes on a more holistic view of the country's national interests—one that sees economic development, not strategic gamesmanship against Afghanistan and India, as the key to Pakistan's security—terrorists will continue to find Pakistan an ideal place to go shopping.

Over the past four decades, much Islamic terrorism has been traced back to two countries: Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. Both countries were founded as ideological, Islamic states; over the years the governments sought legitimacy by reinforcing that religious ideology, and that made the countries hothouses of militancy, fundamentalism, and jihad. That trend is slowly being reversed in Saudi Arabia, perhaps because King Abdullah could make it happen as the enlightened ruler of an absolute monarchy. It may not be so easy for Pakistan to overcome its jihadist past.

Saudi Arabia is intelligent. The Saudi's just made sure that they are not falling in to the trap called jihadi terrorism. Pretty clever, making Pakistan and lately Yemen partners in fuelling the jihad. Its more than a FDI, I will invest the money, materials needed for starting, cultivating and nourishing the jihadi terrorists and you can own them. Brilliant indeed.
 
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Terrorism is a multi dimensional phenomenon, not necessarily sinister or evil. French National anthem has lines praising terrorism. George Washington was proclaimed terrorist by the H.M Government from 1773 till the title was voided in 1795. Stalin, Mao Tse Tung, Charles de Gualle, Ahmed Ben Billah and Subash Chandra Bose were all terrorists at certain stage of their career.

To start with, State Terrorism is employed as an instrument of war by nation states; USA in Iraq / Afghanistan, Israel in Palestine, India in Kashmir and Salwa Jadun in Naxalite affected areas. The garden variety terrorism as we know it sprouts as a natural reaction to State Terrorism.

The spread of terrorism is Pakistan is attributable to the massive military operations conducted in FATA / Swat at the behest of the US. With all the care and caution you end up killing civilians and create the marginal conditions necessary to breed terrorism.
Still being haunted by paradox, aren't you?!
 
Saudi Arabia is intelligent. The Saudi's just made sure that they are not falling in to the trap called jihadi terrorism. Pretty clever, making Pakistan and lately Yemen partners in fuelling the jihad...
They used similar methods to encourage Arab violence against Israelis. The reason they don't encourage their own citizens to do this has to do with how the Saudi state itself was established: the Sauds used the bezerker Ikhwan to conquer Hejaz, but when they got too aggressive Ibn Saud and his household killed them. link

The Sauds do not want to create a similar threat to themselves again. Even in 1990, with Saddam Hussein knocking on their door, they refused Osama bin Laden's offer of services and personnel, in favor of Western troops.
 
Second part of Imran Khan's blog on Al jazeera. A must read

'All Pakistanis are terrorists' - Part 2 | Al Jazeera Blogs

Last week I wrote a blog post about how Pakistanis were being singled out because they, and men of Pakistani descent, seemed to be involved in an inordinate number of so called terrorist attacks and plots.

The blog drew a number of comments and I read each one with interest. If you wrote in, I thank you. Free speech is important (even though some of you disagreed with my assertion that I am British).

As I am currently in the newsroom in Doha, I have had a chance to reflect on why so many Pakistanis have turned to so-called terror tactics to make their point. Over the years I have read a great number of books and articles on the subject (I highly recommend "Descent into chaos" by Ahmed Rashid; accessible, well-written, and a great explainer) and spoken to experts, academics, friends and family.

It's key to try to understand the reasons why violent attacks have become popular if Pakistan is to become a stable, secure country.

Why?

Pakistan lives in a dangerous neighbourhood. Afghanistan and Iran are on one side, China and India on the other. It's a relatively new country, just over 60 years old. Its institutions - to be polite - are developing.

The only way Pakistan has survived is its strong military, which protects and defines the character of the country. That's not to say all Pakistanis are standing at attention, dressed in khaki, with an AK47 in hand; but you get my point.

According to the writer Ayesha Siddiqa, whose book Military Inc explores the subject in depth, the military dominates the landscape; it is involved in everything from construction to foreign investment.

The seeds of the military's influence were sown when the first civilian government asked the military to step in to save the country from instability. The military took over and, for many historians, it would seem that the generals enjoyed the power and influence that came with government.

Fast forward to today, and Pakistan has flip-flopped between civilian and military governments. It has broadly aligned itself with the US. It has seen Afghanistan rage with war for the last three decades; came to blows with India three times; watched as China invaded Indian land; and looked worryingly at Iran and Iraq as they fought a bloody war.

Revolutions, nuclear weapons and political meddling have punctuated all of these events. The world watched the developments with interest, keen to see how each one would play out. For Pakistan one thing was clear: It needed to be tough enough to stand any battle it might face.

So from the very beginning of Pakistan a strong military was seen as important, but with that came a price. The country needed more than just a conventional army. It was then, according to South Asian historians, that the army began to use deniable proxy forces to help them secure their goals.

Enter the mujahideen

A rag-tag bunch of fighters, these hardened men from the northwest proved to be some of the toughest men on the planet. Pakistan has used them since its earliest days. Famously the founder of Pakistan Mohammed Ali Jinnah sent Pashtun fighters into Kashmir iust after partition to counterbalance the Indian influence there. He denied it, but Lord Mountbatten, the last viceroy of India was sure the fighters were under Jinnahs control.

Decades later the US also saw potential in them and Pakistan jumped to arm them in their fight for Afghan independence from Soviet occupation, using American and Saudi cash. It worked. Pakistan publicly proclaimed the Afghan mujahideen as heroes. The Soviets, tired of fighting a losing battle, limped out of Afghanistan. The Afghans had won.

And then the US lost interest - and the rest, as they say, is history. But Pakistan still needed those fighters: Pakistan needed them to influence events in Kashmir, in India and in Afghanistan. According to the Book, "My life with The Taliban" the former Taliban ambassador to Pakistan Mullah Zaeef had dealings with Pakistan's shadowy intelligence service the ISI.

Pakistan's mistake was thinking it could get the jihadist groups to act on Pakistan's behalf. Not so. Men like Osama bin Laden came along, men who did not have Pakistan's interests at heart; they were fighting instead for an Islam they believed would make the world a better place.

Then along came 9/11. The US invaded and occupied Afghanistan under a thin international coalition.

That war has spilled over into Pakistan. The attacks of 9/11 showed clearly the consequences of leaving a country like Afghanistan behind. The international community forgot about Afghanistan. The jihadists did not.

Almost every day, silent pilotless aircraft armed with deadly weaponry fly above the border areas between Pakistan and Afghanistan. On Tuesday, around 18 missiles rained down on one compound in North Waziristan. As far as we know, no high value target was killed. Bin Laden, it seems lives to fight another day. Fourteen people did die that day. Collateral damage, to use that most callous of terms.

Northwest Pakistan is under attack. Those mujahideen who were so useful to Pakistan and the US in their battle with the Soviets are now the same tribes under attack from, you guessed it, the US and Pakistan.

That's why Pakistan has bred violence. It is at war - a war that the US is, arguably responsible for.

Little choice

To be fair to the US, it feels it has little choice; and the Pakistanis believe they have even less. You fight fire with fire. But that strategy seems to have failed. The world is not a safer place today. Instead, anger rises.

Time after time the tribes of the area complain that this is not their fight, they did not ask to be bombed. Time after time missiles rain down in the name of American security.

At its most basic level this is why Times Square came under attack, why potential shoe bombers have changed the way we fly, why a truck laden with explosives smashed into the gates of the Marriott hotel in Islamabad.

The US says its strikes are surgical and are key to victory in Afghanistan, and that the porous, ungovernable border hides men who are the biggest threat to the US and its allies. Yet hundreds of innocents have died as a result of the strikes.

That comes with a price. The Pakistani Taliban have aligned themselves against America. The Pakistani government is in a prolonged battle with them. In Mumbai in November 2008, Lashkar-e-Taiba - a group allegedly considered by some in Pakistan's intelligence community as an ally, albeit an unhinged and dangerous ally - broke ranks and nearly brought the two countries to war once again.

Pakistan - with, it would seem, the backing of the US - has created a monster, a monster that now threatens innocent civilians on the streets of London, New York, Karachi, Islamabad and New Delhi.

This war has seen millions of dollars in military technology, hundreds of dead Pakistani and coalition soldiers, thousands of dead civilians. Yet, as we saw in Times Square, one lone man with a little training sets off a fizzle that was heard around the world.

All Pakistanis are not terrorists. All terrorists are not Pakistani. But Pakistan faces a tough challenge - one that many ordinary Pakistanis fear could upset the balance of the country. It's clear you have to deal with the threat of violence, but after nearly nine years of failed military attempts to bring the problem under control, it's clear something else needs to be done.

I can live with the racism that comes along with being of Pakistani descent. I have little choice. Visa delays, security checks, the casual comments of the ignorant are now a fact of everyday life. But that's about all I face. I'll live.

Others won't put up with it, not when families, children, fellow citizens are dying at the hands of bungled drone strikes, when the Pakistani army is fighting Pakistani citizens, when India's influence in Afghanistan is rising.

That is why Pakistan is exporting violence - it is involved in a war. And you have to wonder whether the US and Pakistani governments really understand how to get themselves out of it.
 
By SADANAND DHUME

Indonesia has more Muslims than Pakistan. Turkey is geographically closer to the troubles of the Middle East. The governments of Iran and Syria are immeasurably more hostile to America and the West. Yet it is Pakistan, or its diaspora, that produced the CIA shooter Mir Aimal Kasi; the 1993 World Trade Center bomber Ramzi Yousef (born in Kuwait to Pakistani parents); 9/11 mastermind Khalid Sheikh Mohammed; Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl's kidnapper, Omar Saeed Sheikh; and three of the four men behind the July 2005 train and bus bombings in London.

And yet another nail in the authors half baked analysis of Pakistan and his canards of 'Pakistan's Islamic DNA and identity'.

Perhaps taking the time to do some trivial research on the Web before making analogies might help next time.

Indonesian militants 'planned to kill Barack Obama' - Telegraph

http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2010/01/24/2003464238
The list of jihadists not from Pakistan themselves—but whose passage to jihadism passes through that country—is even longer. Among them are Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri, Mohamed Atta, shoe bomber Richard Reid, and John Walker Lindh, the so-called American Taliban. Over the past decade, Pakistani fingerprints have shown up on terrorist plots in, among other places, Germany, Denmark, Spain and the Netherlands. And this partial catalogue doesn't include India, which tends to bear the brunt of its western neighbor's love affair with violence.
And Imran Khan's article above has summed up previous posts explaining this quite well.
 
Looks like Zakaria's article (quoted on the previous page) is the last word on this issue - totally consistent with previous criticism and facts, nothing more need be said, nor has anybody effectively contradicted it.
How can Zakaria's article be the last word, or even a 'credible word' when it is full of factual inaccuracies, which, given his past expressed anti-Pakistan sentiment, could also in fact be deliberate lies since he is obviously smart enough to do some basic fact checking and research;

Terrorism’s Supermarket

Why Pakistan keeps exporting jihad.
Published May 7, 2010


...

The British government has estimated that 70 percent of the terror plots it has uncovered in the past decade can be traced back to Pakistan. Pakistan remains a terrorist hothouse even as jihadism is losing favor elsewhere in the Muslim world.
As I pointed out in my last post, Imran Khan summed up the points made regarding this quite well - there is in essence a war going on in regions of Pakistan that were almost completely out of GoP control and where the GoP now exercises some control - it is this vacuum and the war along the borders of those regions in Afghanistan and the resulting dynamics of instability and insurgency that allow for havens for terrorist/militant groups to exist, and for the 'connections' that Zakaria talks about to take place.

So even here the larger point is that terrorism and terrorist connections to Pakistan exist because of ongoing wars in Afghanistan and FATA and the lack of GoP control over parts of Pakistan, which it is struggling to reassert, witch some success so far.
From Egypt to Jordan to Malaysia to Indonesia, radical Islamic groups have been weakened militarily and have lost much of the support they had politically. Why not in Pakistan? The answer is simple: from its founding, the Pakistani government has supported and encouraged jihadi groups, creating an atmosphere that has allowed them to flourish. It appears to have partially reversed course in recent years, but the rot is deep.
This is an unclear statement, unless read carefully. As pointed out previously, opposition to terrorism amongst the people of Pakistan accorinding to multiple polls over the years, some reported by Zakaria himself late last year, show an overwhelming majority of Pakistanis opposed to terrorism, more than almost all the other Muslim countries polled. Pakistanis also continue to reject Islamist parties at the ballot box, a trend that has held steady throughout its history. So the issue is obviously not one of 'popular support' for terrorism, which would be true were the allegations of 'Pakistan's DNA and identity being responsible' actually true.

Zakaria appears to suggest that it is State support that is preventing terrorist groups from being stamped out completely - given that most of the people in the West who have been linked back to Pakistan were linked back to FATA, I fail to see how Zakaria's statement is factually correct given the series of military operations against the Pakistani Taliban and their associates launched over the last year or so, and the destruction of organized Taliban presence in Bajaur, Swat, South Waziristan, Orakzai (continuing) Mohmand, Khyber etc.

The Pakistani scholar-politician Husain Haqqani tells in his brilliant history, Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, how the government's jihadist connections go back to the country's creation as an ideological, Islamic state and the decision by successive governments to use jihad both to gain domestic support and to hurt its perennial rival, India. Describing the military's distinction between terrorists and "freedom fighters," he notes that the problem is systemic. "This duality ... is a structural problem, rooted in history and a consistent policy of the state. It is not just the inadvertent outcome of decisions by some governments." That Haqqani is now Pakistan's ambassador to Washington adds an ironic twist to the story. (And a sad one, because the elected government he represents appears to have little power. The military has actually gained strength over the past year.)
The distinction between 'terrorists and freedom fighters' is not one that Pakistan has made, or continues to make, alone. The US, India and various other nations continue to make these distinctions when it suites their interests or narratives, so to argue that somehow Pakistan is alone in this is a flawed contention and only illustrates the depths to which Zakaria will cherry pick and distort facts to support his agenda.


In recent months Pakistan's government and military have taken tougher actions than ever before against terrorists on their soil—and Pakistani troops have suffered grievously. And yet the generals continue to make a dubious distinction among terrorists. Those that threaten and attack the people of Pakistan have suffered the wrath of the Pakistani Army. But then there are groups that threaten and attack only Afghans, Indians, and Westerners—and those groups have largely been left alone.
Pakistan has its resource constraints and limitations, as well as external threats to cater for. Given that even NATO has ceded territory to the Taliban in Afghanistan because of its own 'constraints', Zakaria is incorrectly assigning the decision not to expand into NW and elsewhere some sort of 'malicious intent'. It remains an unsubstantiated allegation.

Consider the tribal area where Faisal Shahzad is said to have trained on his visits to Pakistan: North Waziristan,
We don't really know that yet, but don't expect F Zakaria to exercise journalistic responsibility and verify the facts when it comes to bashing Pakistan.
Until the Pakistani military truly takes on a more holistic view of the country's national interests—one that sees economic development, not strategic gamesmanship against Afghanistan and India, as the key to Pakistan's security—terrorists will continue to find Pakistan an ideal place to go shopping.
I don't see why F Zakaria would assume the military does not see economic development as a priority - it does. Without economic development the military cannot maintain a credible deterrent, conventional or unconventional, against external and internal threats.
Over the past four decades, much Islamic terrorism has been traced back to two countries: Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. Both countries were founded as ideological, Islamic states; over the years the governments sought legitimacy by reinforcing that religious ideology, and that made the countries hothouses of militancy, fundamentalism, and jihad. That trend is slowly being reversed in Saudi Arabia, perhaps because King Abdullah could make it happen as the enlightened ruler of an absolute monarchy. It may not be so easy for Pakistan to overcome its jihadist past.
Comparing Saudi Arabia and Pakistan in terms of the efficacy of their actions against terrorism is comparing apples and oranges - Saudi Arabia does not have Afghanistan and the complications arising out of the Afghan Jihad against the Soviets next door. It does not have the resource constraints that Pakistan does (billions in oil revenue and what). Saudi Arabia has an autocratic regime that runs a very effective police State, instead of a dysfunctional political system that oscillates between military rule and elected governments, and is much smaller in size.

The space available to terrorist organizations in Pakistan is being reduced, but compared to Saudi Arabia, because of all the constraints mentioned, it will take time.

BTW, other than the reference to HH's excerpt about Pakistan using proxy groups in the past, Zakaria makes no arguments supporting 'Pakistan's DNA and identity' being responsible. Sadanand Dhume's analysis/canard continues to be one with 'more holes than Swiss cheese'.
 
Isn’t this the point I was making in my very first post (post #66 ), that support for ‘terrorism’ depends on how you define the cause?

It is quixotic to point to a poll that tests opinions of mass about one situation, and declare that it stands true for all situations. Wasn’t that the point all along?
Depends on which poll you are looking at. Polls in Pakistan over the years have focused on both general questions about terrorism, Al Qaeda, Taliban and more specific questions about the Pakistani Taliban. In both cases the opinion was overwhelmingly opposed to terrorism.

While the idea of freedom was pretty clear in case of East Pakistan, the idea of ‘freedom’ in case of Kashmir is still foggy. Pakistan hasn’t been able to explain, what ‘freedom’ from Indian ‘occupation’ and joining Pakistan encompasses (Pakistan doesn’t officially support independent Kashmir). Does it mean better administration, better economy, better civil liberties? Because if it does, Pakistan is the last place on Earth one should be looking at. Then what does it mean, really? That’s why we find any reference to Kashmiri terrorism as ‘freedom fighting’, to be farcical.
No, I don't see the distinction you insist on making between EP and Kashmir as being valid, but that discussion is continuing on another thread.

As for 'does it mean better administration, better economy, better civil liberties', yes it does, since that is what Pakistan and Pakistanis are seeking for themselves, and India herself continues to fail in various aspects of the above today. It also means allowing the Kashmiris to exercise their right of self-determination and have the freedom to pursue whatever they want in the nation of their choice.
The key word was ‘originated’. How it panned out later on is another matter.

Nevertheless, the point stands. That Indian support for Bengalis wasn’t fuelled by any misplaced sense of entitlement or that India didn’t use any religious extremism like Pakistan does, is for all to see.
India's exploitation of ethnic hatred and support for ethnically motivated atrocities is not really an improvement over 'religious extremism'. And yes, India's intervention had everything to do with its obsession with Pakistan and desire to damage it, and not any motives arising out of altruism.

So now religious fundamentalism is also revolution?
Who said the fight for Kashmir's freedom is 'religious fundamentalism'? The 'revolution' is the fight to overthrow Indian occupation and subjugation of Kashmir and its people.

Actually, if you agree that collective response of a society to various stimuli depends on how the society is structured, it becomes self explanatory why Pakistan behaves the way it does. Again the accusation is not of the Islamic identity of Pakistan, a strawman that you are constantly trying to prop up, but how the Islamic identity has been used to produce an extremely convoluted Pakistani identity.
Actually the 'strawman' you allude to is one that has been advanced by Dhume and other Indians on this thread (and one that you continue to attempt to support despite trying to backtrack here - given the content at the beginning of your post), and pretty well shot down.

Instead, what you have tried to do here is insert a tangential issue into the mix - Pakistan's national identity. I agree that Pakistan's national identity is convoluted, with people arguing over Islamic State, Muslims State, Secular State, etc. But those disagreements over Pakistan's national identity have nothing to do with terrorism, or support for terrorism (which is overwhelmingly opposed as pointed out repeatedly). The specter of terrorism in Pakistan today has everything to do with the policies pursued during the Afghan Jihad, the resulting dynamics, and Pakistani policies in response to those dynamics.
In a nutshell it is the Pakistani brand of ‘pan-Islamism’ that, as the author argues, makes Pakistanis fall prey to Islamic radicalization. Unfortunately, this ideology can very well be traced to the birth of Pakistan.
Given that polling and election results paint a picture of rejection of terrorism and religious parties, this is just a continuation of the canard promoted by many Indians like Dhume, and a return to the 'Strawman' you dismissed earlier.

So no, the overwhelming majority of Pakistanis do not fall prey to Islamic radicalism and do not engage in terrorism, and therefore the argument that somehow Pakistan's identity is responsible for the handful that do fall prey to radicalism (as in the Arab world, Turkey, Indonesia, Europe etc.) is a completely flawed one.

Besides, US, and India didn’t become a terrorist hot spot. Indonesia hasn’t become a terrorist hot spot. Pakistan has. And that is the point.

The US, India and Indonesia also did not have the Afghan Jihad take place next door and do not have ongoing conflicts like that in Afghanistan and FATA.

Yet they all continue to have their own homegrown terrorists.

As with introspection and regret, we do both in case of our support to LTTE. In case of Bangladesh, there is no reason for us not to glorify our role.
You support terrorism/insurgency (East Pakistan) when it fits your goals and condemn it when it doesn't (J&K) - a discussion continuing elsewhere so lets leave it for there.

Hence the comment, ‘passage to jihadism passes through that country’ . Hence the epithet, ‘Jihad Capital’ or ‘epicenter of Islamic terrorism’. The argument that Pakistan has become the finishing school for the jihadis is still valid and you have only provided proof of that.
That havens exploited by terrorists exist in Pakistan is true, but as explained in the posts above this one, the reasons for that lie in the conflict and lack of GoP control over parts of its territory, control that the GoP is struggling to reassert, and not in 'Pakistan's Islamic identity or DNA'.
I didn’t miss the point. I just thought it is not a point at all, since Mr Dhume has never made any claim to the effect that no other country has terrorist problem. It is another of your strawman. His argument is that Pakistanis are more susceptible to Islamic radicalization than any other Islamic country, due to a strange brew of politics (using terrorists as tool of foreign policy) and culture (pan-Islamism).

Disagree, but don’t distort.

Once again, Mr Dhume’s point is about the susceptibility of Pakistanis to be radicalized, irrespective of time and place of radicalization, and of the existence of terror infrastructure in Pakistan, which came about during the Afghanistan war, and which instead of being dismantled has been kept alive to counter their arch enemy, and which in turn is attracting the wannabe terrorists with a grudge against the world.
Dhume's contentions have been shown to be completely unsubstantiated given multiple polls from Pakistan indicating overwhelming opposition to terrorism and the continue rejection of religious parties in the polls. Dhuem can make all the points he wants to, but the lack of substantiation shows them to be what they are, canards and anti-Pakistan propaganda by yet another 'brainwashed Indian' who cannot get beyond an irrational hatred of Pakistan.

Pakistan is indeed going after the terror network, but only after that which they think is detrimental to them. Not after that which they think hasn’t yet outlived its utility.
It became detrimental to Pakistan when it turned into a terror network, so Pakistan never condoned a 'terror network' to begin with.

Once you agree that an average Joe sympathizes with the ‘cause’, the distinction becomes invalid. He will support anyone and anything that pretends to champion that cause irrespective of the methodology. Somehow or the other he will find justification for the means to the end. The concept of ‘kaffir’ is one such justification.
The methodology does count, as illustrated by the opposition to attacks on civilians by an overwhelming majority of Pakistanis. Whether or not you think the polling questions where specific enough to suit you is your problem - they substantiate my point very well. You are the one that needs to provide evidence supporting your POV at this point, otherwise, as in Dhume's case, all you are doing is promoting canards based on speculative arguments that are countered by polling evidence.
 
Sir, in all sincerity, my comments are in no way intended to annoy you or create any distortion of history while putting forth my views, and I thank you for indulging me with your participation in our discussion.

However, the intent to profit from the theological structure and the Islamic identity of Pakistan has indeed been the objective of the Pakistani government and the army which in fact was the government for most parts its history arriving up the Afgan jehad scenario (albiet for a small part wherein Bhutto was a helm). Even going up to the genesis (DNA) of the nation, the intent to create an Islamic identity and to achieve various political objectives from it are very well discoursed. I seek to bring up the following for your kind perusal while requesting your consideration to my above comments:
That Pakistan has a religious identity and that religion has been used for political purposes is not the question being debated. What is being debated is whether the identity of Pakistan or its 'DNA', as Dhume and others have claimed, makes Pakistanis more susceptible to 'radicalization'. So while I appreciate the effort you went to, establishing the religious identity of Pakistan and its exploitation for political purposes is irrelevant.
I agree with you that the Pakistani army did not have the foresight of imagining the monster that they were creating in the guise of the Afgan Jehad will ultimately turn towards consuming its masters as it has done today.
Pakistan did not think it was creating a monster - a I explained in my previous posts on the rationale behind supporting the Taliban, at the time it seemed the best policy to pursue.
But that does not absolve the whole "ruler set' of Pakistan from the fact that they over the history tried to encash the Islamic identity of Pakistan while pursuing their objectives and agendas.

Instead of creating a union based on pluralistic principles of tolerance, the shortest way to achieve it was used = Islam. And in no way am I commenting on the masses to be a part of this practice because in our countries, the masses are purely led by our rulers by showing whicever perspective is convenient to the rulership. The cognitive decision making in the nation takes a long time to arrive and our nations, even to this day are no where near where we would like our polity to be to ensure that our sentiments and beliefs are not hijacked by unscrupulous individuals at the helm of power in our nations.
Discourse over the 'national identity' of the nation continues in Pakistan, but I fail to see how this is relevant to the topic and supports the argument that somehow the 'identity of Pakistan' is responsible for a handful of people engaging in terrorism. If the exploitation of religion for political purposes was responsible for radicalization, then why do polls show an overwhelming majority of Pakistanis rejecting terrorism and why are religious parties rejected in the elections time and time again?

Even during the administration of Bhutto, the Ahmadis were outcasted with a amendment to the constitution. This was a civil government and the way in which they tried to hijack the Islamic sentiment of the masses by harping on a more extremist tone and eliminating a few millon of its population of basic constitutional rights in one stroke is despicable on the least. We may Sir, differ on the objective of the Pakistani government in abrogating the constitutional rights of Ahmadis but the fact that it was made clear that there is no room in Pakistan corridors of power for pluralistic thinking was very evident by their above act.
Agreed, but as argued above, what relevance to substantiating the connection to terrorism given the continue opposition of the majority to terrorism.

However, I find convergence with Dhume's Islamic Identity argument on account that the Pakistani rulers and generals instead of identifying with their version of Afgan cause (terroritorial/ strategic / India "hegemony" centric / ambition to be in power etc.) chose to justify their intervention by giving it a religious identity = Jehad, rather than projecting it in any other way.

Lacing project Afganistan as Jehad was the easiest and most convincing argument for the Pakistani generals because of the Islamic Identity of Pakistan. There was no other easier way in to acceptance by the masses once Zia made it a Jehad - you rightly said a valid tenet in Islam.
Yes, but as I pointed out, the direction the country took did depended on a whole series of events - Zia's military coup and rule (he was arguable the most focused on a more fundamentalist bent of Islam and spreading it through society), the Soviet invasion, Pakistan's alliance with the US and the continued hostility between India and Pakistan.

And from a military perspective, why wouldn't the military use the 'easiest motivator and justification'? Why would it try and organize the Afghan resistance through a more difficult means? Remember that the use of Jihad and religion also found traction because the Soviets had strongly opposed religion in Afghanistan, and therefore giving the Afghan resistance religious flavor dovetailed with Soviet restrictions on, and opposition to, religion in Afghanistan.

As I said, no one at that time realized what things would eventually morph into, so one cannot argue that a policy that made so much sense on so many levels, at the time, was flawed, given what was known then.

Imagine, if Jinnah had had his secular way then will it have been equally easy for Zia to hijack the Islamic identity of Pakistan to justify his objectives, or for that matter for Ayub to think that muslims being a martial race will have a cakewalk in to India in 65? Would there have been a "Muslim Pakistan versus a Hindu India" so strong in the masses if this Islamic Identity at the genesis of Pakistan was moderated and tolerant in line with the vision of the founding father of the nation?
Ayub was not a religious individual, in fact some quotes attributed to him come across as pretty derogatory towards religion/religious minded people. So I doubt the direction of the identity of Pakistan had any role to play in his decision in 1965.

As for Zia, he came to power through a military coup, and was preceded by several other military coups. I would argue that had Jinnah not had his secular way, but Pakistan not experienced military coups, then history could have been different as well. You cannot just focus on the Islamic identity of Pakistan and cherry pick one event and then blame it on the identity.

My argument is not that being an Islamic state Pakistan was automatically set on an auto-pilot course to where it is today. No Sir. What I am trying to submit to you is that because of the strong Islamic Identity nutured in the masses over the years, the generals were able to easily further mould public opinion in to furthering their own territorial etc. ambitions.
But again, your argument has more to do with critiquing military coups, and ignores the external dynamics that led the General's to support the policies they did, and just blames the identity - again an oversimplification of the issues at hand by cherry picking certain aspects of Pakistan's history and just blaming them on the 'identity'.

And that is the difference between Pakistan and other Islamic nations/majority nations that you referred to. The politicians in other Islamic countries did not resort to evolving the Islamic identity of their nation into such extremism as Pakistan did!
Pakistan's politicians have not 'evolved the Islamic identity of the nation into extremism', that has happened because of the series of events that took place during the Afghan Jihad and after it. Once again you choose to cherry pick the result (current terrorism in Pakistan) and then arbitrarily pick Pakistan's Islamic identity as being responsible for the current situation, and ignore the external and internal (no religious) dynamics that led to the decision to push particular policies.
 
Heart of darkness
By Irfan Husain
Saturday, 15 May, 2010


Most tourists in New York will have visited Times Square, with its bright lights, buzz and non-stop energy. Named after the New York Times when the newspaper moved to its current premises in 1904, the area has seen its ups and downs.

Now, after being relatively sanitised, its drug dealers and other assorted low-life have been pushed to other parts of the city. But the shops, theatre district, bars and music halls hum with activity round the clock.

This, then, is the heart of America, and has come to represent a dynamic, thriving country both for its own citizens and for foreigners in all parts of the world. Therefore an attack on Times Square is construed as an attack on the United States. When Faisal Shahzad carried out his botched attack recently, he wasn’t just trying to kill and maim as many innocent people as possible, he was lashing out against the country where he had studied, got married and made a comfortable life for his family.

He was no suicide bomber brainwashed by jihadis and intent on claiming his share of virgins in heaven. Rather, he was a privileged member of the extended Pakistani military network: born in the knowledge that his father’s rank in the air force would open doors shut to most Pakistanis, he was given a visa to the United States, and then citizenship. There was little to suggest that he would choose the path he did. So much for the theory that education can make young Muslims reject terrorism.

Soon after, we learned of Mohammed Saif ur Rahman, a Pakistani interning at a hotel in Santiago, Chile, where he was arrested with traces of explosives on his hands and in his personal effects. While he has denied any attempt to blow up the US embassy where he had apparently been invited to discuss the cancellation of his visa, one does not innocently acquire gunpowder traces under normal circumstances.

So here we have two men with close connections to Pakistan who stand accused of attempted acts of terrorism in two continents within a week. Small wonder that newspapers like the Daily Telegraph can print highly speculative stories like the one that appeared on May 11 and expect readers to believe them. Headlined ‘Pakistan agents linked to US plot’, the story alleges:

“American investigators believe rogue Pakistani intelligence agents could have been involved in the Times Square bomb plot. They are examining a possible connection between Faisal Shahzad and Pakistan’s powerful military and intelligence establishment, a potentially devastating blow to the country’s shaky anti-terrorism credentials. Mr Shahzad’s background as the son of a senior Air Force officer might have brought him into contact with intelligence agents who helped build the Afghan Taliban and who have channelled cash and training to home-grown jihadis, according to a source familiar with the investigation…. Pakistan has a history of using jihadi groups as a tool of its foreign policy. Its Inter-Services Intelligence agency helped train and equip Afghan Mujahideen … They have also supported militant groups in Indian-controlled Kashmir.…” And so on.

While completely unsourced, the story is likely to be believed by many readers simply because Pakistan is now seen — and not without reason — as the epicentre of jihadi terror exported to different countries in an unending wave. While our default reaction is one of denial, the fact is that in many cases of terrorism abroad, there is an element of a Pakistani connection. Even when the terrorists are not themselves Pakistani citizens, they have visited training camps to obtain training, or have been brainwashed in one of our many madressahs.

Living as we do in post-Zia Pakistan, we do not notice how the poisonous environment created by extremist rhetoric amplified by an irresponsible media has infected millions of young minds. Like a virus, the call for jihad spreads across the land. Voices such as Zaid Hamid’s are provided a powerful platform like television to spout his violent brand of Islam where unsophisticated viewers lap up his vision. No anchor or regulator stops him — and others of his ilk — in mid-flow.

School curricula have been replete with hateful stereotypes of non-Muslims. God only knows what our madressahs are teaching their students: the government has washed its hands off these institutions and the hundreds of thousands of children unfortunate enough to be instructed there. The recent discovery of a substantial cache of weapons and Jaish-i-Muhammed propaganda material from a mosque in Karachi underlines how radicalised our centres of religion have become.

Despite the clear evidence of the involvement of many jihadi organisations in local and global terrorism, the government keeps its eyes firmly shut to the reality of the situation. No serious attempt is being made to rein in these killers, and to shut down their camps and training centres.

Together with the Jaish’s arms, receipts from donors were also found in the mosque. It should not be a very difficult task to find who these financiers of terror are, but I have no doubt the government will buckle under to threats and pressure from religious parties and not follow through with its investigation. Many similar enquiries have got nowhere, and as a result, the jihadi terror network continues to thrive.

Even when some of these terrorists are arrested, they are seldom convicted. Often the investigation is botched; in other cases, the judges are either too scared or too sympathetic to the cause of jihad to lock these people up. The result is that cops become reluctant to risk their lives to arrest these killers just to have the courts release them time after time.

Obviously, there are no easy answers. Jihad is now too deeply rooted in the country’s psyche to be quickly and painlessly excised. But if we are to survive as a nation, we need to agree that we cannot allow successive generations to be brainwashed by an ignorant coterie of mullahs and media talking heads.
 

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