When India Tested a Nuclear Device on Its Citizens

[MayaBazar]

Already Debunked by BARC And Atomic Energy Commission

Dr Anil Kakodkar, chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, refuted Santhanam's claims saying after Pokhran II, India now had the capability to build a deterrent.

It had "given us capability to build deterrent ...India has shown transparency over Pokhran-II results...There should be no doubt over yield of bomb tests," said Dr Kakodkar.

Defending the test, Dr R Chidambaram said that it was a perfect success and the doubts raised over it were unjustified.

"Rhetoric is not a substitute for good science. No other nuclear state has published more test data," said Dr Chidambaram, adding that there was limit to information that could be revealed.

Dr Santhanam had created a storm a few weeks ago when he claimed that the 1998 tests were not a complete success. Now, a day after the National Security Advisor M. K. Narayanan called his statements incorrect and horrific, Dr Sathanam stuck to his assertions.

https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pokhran-ii-a-success-says-kakodkar-402088

Krishnamurthy Santhanam was the field director of DRDO during the tests of Pokhran-II. His views carry more weightage than the others.

Santhanam's views on nuke test are a clincher: ex-AEC chairman
Agencies , Agencies : Mumbai, Fri Sep 25 2009, 11:45 hrs

In the midst of the controversy over the success of the 1998 thermonuclear test, nuclear scientist P K Iyengar has said the views of former DRDO scientist K Santhanam on the issue are the "clincher".
There is a "strong reason to believe that the thermonuclear device had not fully burnt and, therefore, further testing was called for," Iyengar, a former Atomic Energy Commission Chairman, said in a statement on Thursday.

He rejected the statement attributed to him by government's Principal Scientific Advisor R Chidambaram on the outcome of the 1998 thermonulcear test, saying he was "misquoted" by him on something he had written in 2000.

He said Chidambaram had "tried to imply that I am in agreement with the official number for the yield of the thermonuclear test of 45 kilotons and that I, therefore, also agree that the thermonuclear device was a success. This is not correct. What I wrote in a newspaper article published in August 2000 was that if one goes by the numbers for the total nuclear yield put out by the Department of Atomic Energy, which I see no reason to dispute, the yield of the thermonuclear device detonated on May 11, 1998, was around 40 kilotons. This is a rather low yield."

The crux of that article was that even if one were to accept without question the DAE yield of 40 kt, there is a strong reason to believe that the thermonuclear device had not fully succeeded, Iyengar said.

Terming the test as "fully successful", AEC Chairman Anil Kakodkar and Chidambaram had said that the controversy triggered by Santhanam, was "unnecessary".

Iyengar said the revelations by Santhanam, who was associated with Pokhran II, are the "clincher".

Santhanam was one of the four leaders associated with Pokhran-II and must certainly have known many of the details, particularly with regard to the seismic measurements, Iyengar said.

He said, "If he (Santhanam) says that the yield was much lower than projected, that there was virtually no crater formed, and that these reservations were formally presented by DRDO in 1998 itself, then there is considerable justification for reasonable doubt regarding the credibility of the thermonuclear test and, therefore, of our nuclear deterrent."

http://archive.indianexpress.com/ne...e-test-are-a-clincher-exaec-chairman/521514/0

 

[Maarkhoor]

On May 18, 1974, India claimed that it had successfully tested a nuclear device, codenamed “Smiling Buddha” and became the sixth nation to have exploded a fission device. The test was conducted exactly four years after the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) had entered into force and most countries were in oblivion that the world would never see a sixth nuclear weapons state. This Indian act was a disrespectful shock for the post-NPT nuclear order because the world’s great powers thought that the issue of nuclear proliferation has been settled, once for all. But New Delhi defied that nuclear order and tested its first nuclear device by testing an eight-kiloton device in the Jaisalmer desert, 5 km from Loharki village. Since then, the villagers have frequently reported that they have experienced radiation-related diseases.

The villagers living in the vicinity of the explosion site had been identified as ‘martyrs’, as all destruction, particularly human health, was considered to be collateral damage for the greater good. Forty-six years after the first nuclear test, the villages around the Pokhran test range have long been out of the spotlight in the international arena. However, due to unusually high rates of cancer and genetic diseases, these villagers formed a dramatic community of people who struggle everyday with the risk of exposure to radiation. The government has done little to remove apprehensions of the villagers for almost half a century.

Scientists believe groundwater could still be contaminated in Loharki and many other villages. The associate professor at the Hiroshima Peace Institute, Robert Jacobs, who has been studying several nuclear testing sites, said that it was seriously concerning that the alpha-emitting particulate matter was common in areas around every nuclear test site of India. A classified US-leaked document of 22 May 1974 also stated that the Pokhran nuclear test had contaminated the desert area’s groundwater. The document was sent by Daniel Patrick Moynihan to Washington DC in which he said: “Depending on the cratering and earth splitting effects of the blast, the ground water in the immediate vicinity of the blast site as well as the sweet water reservoirs could very well be contaminated.”

India conducted its second round of nuclear tests in 1998 under the code name “Operation Shakti”. The site for an underground explosion was located only 3 km away from Khetolai, a village of approximately 5000 inhabitants in the locality of the city of Pokhran. In Khetolai, cancer death has become prevalent; it is difficult to ignore the correlation to nuclear tests. Last general elections were a nightmare for residents of Khetolai. In his election campaign, PM Modi said that India is not scared of the nuclear weapons of Pakistan and he asked, “have we kept our nuclear bomb for Diwali?” The resident of Khetolai, Zajmal Ram Bishnoi – who has some idea about fallout of a nuclear explosion – responded, “We want to live in peace. We don’t need war. If nuclear weapons are used, everything that is in front of our eyes will disappear.”

In western Rajasthan, the high occurrence of leukaemia prompted physicians to support studies that determined whether the Pokhran nuclear test in 1974 was responsible in any way. Comprehensive research in the field of malignancy undertaken by R G Sharma and his collaborators at Dr S N Medical College in Jodhpur, the results of which were released in September 1992 in the Indian Journal of Cancer. Following the first 1974 test, Sharma and his partners identified 2,662 new cancer cases. In a 2012 “GLOBOCAN” World Health Organization’s (WHO) survey, five lakh deaths due to cancer have been recorded. One in 2,500 citizens, according to a preliminary estimate, dies from cancer. In Khetolai, the same estimate shows a quadruple increase with respect to the national level: one in 500 individuals succumbs to cancer. In other figures, the Department of Atomic Energy found that 70% of the health-related deaths linked to atomic energy hubs have been triggered by cancer over the past 20 years. However, no further research was carried out notwithstanding these alarming findings.

Billions in India face the awful possibility of surviving under the influence of unchecked nuclear ambitions. The nuclear establishment’s confidentiality and ignorance have failed to reveal proper security information related to current and future nuclear-related projects. India plans to source a quarter of its energy from nuclear power by 2050. The policy pundits have formulated this random growth in nuclear sector when hundreds of thousands of Indian men and women have participated in protested against the expanding nuclear industry. These remonstrations have been a steady feature in Koodankulam, Jaitapur and Gorakhpur. At least five protestors have lost their lives since 2010 in their struggle against the country’s unverified nuclear expansion. Meanwhile, radioactive waste from uranium mining in the country’s east is reportedly affecting adjacent communities. Thousands of Indians suffer from the effects of uranium mining as related to poor technical and management practices.

Unfortunately, on a number of occasions, India treated its citizens as lab rats. The people of India should brace themselves for another nuclear misadventure because Indian scientists are asserting the government to evade signing the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). After all, the thermonuclear test of 1998 was a failure, as the yield of the fusion device never produced the desired results. The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has already given green signal to the government to conduct more nuke tests. India under the leadership of PM Modi is fully capable of committing radioactive folly. The Hindu leadership under extremist ideology of BJP will again happily take advantage of the ignorance of the Indian population on nuclear issues under the guise of greater national interests.

https://strafasia.com/when-india-tested-a-nuclear-device-on-its-citizens/

This proved that Indian test was not fully successful since their fission devise failed to consume all the fissile material and proved a dirty bomb not clean devise.

 

[MayaBazar]

This guy was Rakhi sawant he accused every one in particular he was Jealous from APJ abdul kalam because all credit goes to him

Dr APJ Abdul Kalam barely knew how to make N-bombs: Scientist K Santhanam


it that some people used this for their own publicity. APJ Abdul Kalam had mastered over it. He never published any single paper in his life. What did he [Kalam] know about extracting, making explosive grade? He didn’t know a thing,”


Santhanam claimed that his (Kalam) religion helped him grow and climb the ladder to even becoming a President.
https://www.dnaindia.com/india/repo...to-make-n-bombs-scientist-k-santhanam-2614107

Kalam was a missile man not a nuclear scientist.

 

[Secularindian]

This proved that Indian test was not fully successful since their fission devise failed to consume all the fissile material and proved a dirty bomb not clean devise.

Give Us the Data to provide this
The Source Is not even Related To AEC or BARC that are in-charge

Kalam was a missile man not a nuclear scientist.

Samantha was humiliated by Who is the Second best Nuclear scientist after Homi bhabha
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajagopala_Chidambaram

Here His Technical data On Pokhran 2 validation
https://web.archive.org/web/2011020...nnet.com/fl2619/stories/20090925261902000.htm

 

[GHALIB]

On May 18, 1974, India claimed that it had successfully tested a nuclear device, codenamed “Smiling Buddha” and became the sixth nation to have exploded a fission device. The test was conducted exactly four years after the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) had entered into force and most countries were in oblivion that the world would never see a sixth nuclear weapons state. This Indian act was a disrespectful shock for the post-NPT nuclear order because the world’s great powers thought that the issue of nuclear proliferation has been settled, once for all. But New Delhi defied that nuclear order and tested its first nuclear device by testing an eight-kiloton device in the Jaisalmer desert, 5 km from Loharki village. Since then, the villagers have frequently reported that they have experienced radiation-related diseases.

The villagers living in the vicinity of the explosion site had been identified as ‘martyrs’, as all destruction, particularly human health, was considered to be collateral damage for the greater good. Forty-six years after the first nuclear test, the villages around the Pokhran test range have long been out of the spotlight in the international arena. However, due to unusually high rates of cancer and genetic diseases, these villagers formed a dramatic community of people who struggle everyday with the risk of exposure to radiation. The government has done little to remove apprehensions of the villagers for almost half a century.

Scientists believe groundwater could still be contaminated in Loharki and many other villages. The associate professor at the Hiroshima Peace Institute, Robert Jacobs, who has been studying several nuclear testing sites, said that it was seriously concerning that the alpha-emitting particulate matter was common in areas around every nuclear test site of India. A classified US-leaked document of 22 May 1974 also stated that the Pokhran nuclear test had contaminated the desert area’s groundwater. The document was sent by Daniel Patrick Moynihan to Washington DC in which he said: “Depending on the cratering and earth splitting effects of the blast, the ground water in the immediate vicinity of the blast site as well as the sweet water reservoirs could very well be contaminated.”

India conducted its second round of nuclear tests in 1998 under the code name “Operation Shakti”. The site for an underground explosion was located only 3 km away from Khetolai, a village of approximately 5000 inhabitants in the locality of the city of Pokhran. In Khetolai, cancer death has become prevalent; it is difficult to ignore the correlation to nuclear tests. Last general elections were a nightmare for residents of Khetolai. In his election campaign, PM Modi said that India is not scared of the nuclear weapons of Pakistan and he asked, “have we kept our nuclear bomb for Diwali?” The resident of Khetolai, Zajmal Ram Bishnoi – who has some idea about fallout of a nuclear explosion – responded, “We want to live in peace. We don’t need war. If nuclear weapons are used, everything that is in front of our eyes will disappear.”

In western Rajasthan, the high occurrence of leukaemia prompted physicians to support studies that determined whether the Pokhran nuclear test in 1974 was responsible in any way. Comprehensive research in the field of malignancy undertaken by R G Sharma and his collaborators at Dr S N Medical College in Jodhpur, the results of which were released in September 1992 in the Indian Journal of Cancer. Following the first 1974 test, Sharma and his partners identified 2,662 new cancer cases. In a 2012 “GLOBOCAN” World Health Organization’s (WHO) survey, five lakh deaths due to cancer have been recorded. One in 2,500 citizens, according to a preliminary estimate, dies from cancer. In Khetolai, the same estimate shows a quadruple increase with respect to the national level: one in 500 individuals succumbs to cancer. In other figures, the Department of Atomic Energy found that 70% of the health-related deaths linked to atomic energy hubs have been triggered by cancer over the past 20 years. However, no further research was carried out notwithstanding these alarming findings.

Billions in India face the awful possibility of surviving under the influence of unchecked nuclear ambitions. The nuclear establishment’s confidentiality and ignorance have failed to reveal proper security information related to current and future nuclear-related projects. India plans to source a quarter of its energy from nuclear power by 2050. The policy pundits have formulated this random growth in nuclear sector when hundreds of thousands of Indian men and women have participated in protested against the expanding nuclear industry. These remonstrations have been a steady feature in Koodankulam, Jaitapur and Gorakhpur. At least five protestors have lost their lives since 2010 in their struggle against the country’s unverified nuclear expansion. Meanwhile, radioactive waste from uranium mining in the country’s east is reportedly affecting adjacent communities. Thousands of Indians suffer from the effects of uranium mining as related to poor technical and management practices.

Unfortunately, on a number of occasions, India treated its citizens as lab rats. The people of India should brace themselves for another nuclear misadventure because Indian scientists are asserting the government to evade signing the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). After all, the thermonuclear test of 1998 was a failure, as the yield of the fusion device never produced the desired results. The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has already given green signal to the government to conduct more nuke tests. India under the leadership of PM Modi is fully capable of committing radioactive folly. The Hindu leadership under extremist ideology of BJP will again happily take advantage of the ignorance of the Indian population on nuclear issues under the guise of greater national interests.

https://strafasia.com/when-india-tested-a-nuclear-device-on-its-citizens/

we indians can give any sacrifice for our country .

 

[Secularindian]

Krishnamurthy Santhanam was the field director of DRDO during the tests of Pokhran-II. His views carry more weightage than the others.

Santhanam's views on nuke test are a clincher: ex-AEC chairman
Agencies , Agencies : Mumbai, Fri Sep 25 2009, 11:45 hrs

In the midst of the controversy over the success of the 1998 thermonuclear test, nuclear scientist P K Iyengar has said the views of former DRDO scientist K Santhanam on the issue are the "clincher".
There is a "strong reason to believe that the thermonuclear device had not fully burnt and, therefore, further testing was called for," Iyengar, a former Atomic Energy Commission Chairman, said in a statement on Thursday.

He rejected the statement attributed to him by government's Principal Scientific Advisor R Chidambaram on the outcome of the 1998 thermonulcear test, saying he was "misquoted" by him on something he had written in 2000.

He said Chidambaram had "tried to imply that I am in agreement with the official number for the yield of the thermonuclear test of 45 kilotons and that I, therefore, also agree that the thermonuclear device was a success. This is not correct. What I wrote in a newspaper article published in August 2000 was that if one goes by the numbers for the total nuclear yield put out by the Department of Atomic Energy, which I see no reason to dispute, the yield of the thermonuclear device detonated on May 11, 1998, was around 40 kilotons. This is a rather low yield."

The crux of that article was that even if one were to accept without question the DAE yield of 40 kt, there is a strong reason to believe that the thermonuclear device had not fully succeeded, Iyengar said.

Terming the test as "fully successful", AEC Chairman Anil Kakodkar and Chidambaram had said that the controversy triggered by Santhanam, was "unnecessary".

Iyengar said the revelations by Santhanam, who was associated with Pokhran II, are the "clincher".

Santhanam was one of the four leaders associated with Pokhran-II and must certainly have known many of the details, particularly with regard to the seismic measurements, Iyengar said.

He said, "If he (Santhanam) says that the yield was much lower than projected, that there was virtually no crater formed, and that these reservations were formally presented by DRDO in 1998 itself, then there is considerable justification for reasonable doubt regarding the credibility of the thermonuclear test and, therefore, of our nuclear deterrent."

http://archive.indianexpress.com/ne...e-test-are-a-clincher-exaec-chairman/521514/0

Debunked By R chidambram With facts
https://web.archive.org/web/2011020...nnet.com/fl2619/stories/20090925261902000.htm

Krishnamurthy Santhanam was the field director of DRDO during the tests of Pokhran-II. His views carry more weightage than the others.

Santhanam's views on nuke test are a clincher: ex-AEC chairman
Agencies , Agencies : Mumbai, Fri Sep 25 2009, 11:45 hrs

In the midst of the controversy over the success of the 1998 thermonuclear test, nuclear scientist P K Iyengar has said the views of former DRDO scientist K Santhanam on the issue are the "clincher".
There is a "strong reason to believe that the thermonuclear device had not fully burnt and, therefore, further testing was called for," Iyengar, a former Atomic Energy Commission Chairman, said in a statement on Thursday.

He rejected the statement attributed to him by government's Principal Scientific Advisor R Chidambaram on the outcome of the 1998 thermonulcear test, saying he was "misquoted" by him on something he had written in 2000.

He said Chidambaram had "tried to imply that I am in agreement with the official number for the yield of the thermonuclear test of 45 kilotons and that I, therefore, also agree that the thermonuclear device was a success. This is not correct. What I wrote in a newspaper article published in August 2000 was that if one goes by the numbers for the total nuclear yield put out by the Department of Atomic Energy, which I see no reason to dispute, the yield of the thermonuclear device detonated on May 11, 1998, was around 40 kilotons. This is a rather low yield."

The crux of that article was that even if one were to accept without question the DAE yield of 40 kt, there is a strong reason to believe that the thermonuclear device had not fully succeeded, Iyengar said.

Terming the test as "fully successful", AEC Chairman Anil Kakodkar and Chidambaram had said that the controversy triggered by Santhanam, was "unnecessary".

Iyengar said the revelations by Santhanam, who was associated with Pokhran II, are the "clincher".

Santhanam was one of the four leaders associated with Pokhran-II and must certainly have known many of the details, particularly with regard to the seismic measurements, Iyengar said.

He said, "If he (Santhanam) says that the yield was much lower than projected, that there was virtually no crater formed, and that these reservations were formally presented by DRDO in 1998 itself, then there is considerable justification for reasonable doubt regarding the credibility of the thermonuclear test and, therefore, of our nuclear deterrent."

http://archive.indianexpress.com/ne...e-test-are-a-clincher-exaec-chairman/521514/0

He was Test Site in-charge That is Role field Director



There Real Test Simulation done on PARAM super computer Which was under AEC And BARC Not DRDO

DRDO is Defense R&D agency

Nuclear Research is a Domain of BARC And AEC in india

Here

R.Chidambaram Talking With Data nor Words

https://web.archive.org/web/2011020...nnet.com/fl2619/stories/20090925261902000.htm

 

[BATMAN]

Will that apply to Pakistan claim as well ?

When you have no clue about stuff don't discuss.... neither you can prove your self nuclear power, when your centrifuge designs are stolen from Pakistan via Iran.

we indians can give any sacrifice for our country .

Than you shall start with giving free medicine and medical treatment to the Indians affected with your dud tests.

 

[GHALIB]

Than you shall start with giving free medicine and medical treatment to the Indians affected with your dud tests.

indian govt has govt hospitals built and operated by state and central agencies , people get their treatment there .

 

[Krptonite]

we indians can give any sacrifice for our country .

Good sentiment, but misplaced patriotism does not help us. Look at the USSR, it's citizens paid the ultimate price for a state that considered them nothing but cogs.

Every loyal citizen from any country is ready to do the needful for his motherland just as it is pertinent for our government to everything in it's power to ensure well being of its citizens.

When faced with an enemy with atomic powress the citizens of Pakistan were ready to eat grass to ensure that their country could defend against any aggresion.

Good people exist on both sides, we need to ensure that they continue to do so.

 

[GHALIB]

Good sentiment, but misplaced patriotism does not help us. Look at the USSR, it's citizens paid the ultimate price for a state that considered them nothing but cogs.

Every loyal citizen from any country is ready to do the needful for his motherland just as it is pertinent for our government to everything in it's power to ensure well being of its citizens.

When faced with an enemy with atomic powress the citizens of Pakistan were ready to eat grass to ensure that their country could defend against any aggresion.

Good people exist on both sides, we need to ensure that they continue to do so.

i don't care for grass eaters with atom bomb .

 

[Krptonite]

i don't care for grass eaters with atom bomb .

That's ok, one only needs to start with those closest to them and improve from thereon.

 

[vishwambhar]

https://twitter.com/x/status/1261599919766482944

Forty years after Pokhran nuclear tests, villagers complain of frequent cancer deaths
Exactly four decades ago, India conducted its first nuclear test in Pokhran. Though villagers have complained that they are suffering from diseases linked to radiation exposure, the authorities say their claims have no scientific basis.

When an army battalion moved into the school in Loharki, on the night of May 17, 1974, the soldiers informed the 2,000 residents of the village in Rajasthan that “air firing” the next day could “cause eye and nose irritation” but that things would “normalise thereafter”, recalled Gulab Singh Rawlot, who was then the chief patron of the 24 village panchayats of Pokhran town.

The next morning, India tested its first nuclear device, exploding an eight-kiloton thermonuclear device in the Pokhran firing range in the Jaisalmer desert, five km from Loharki village. “No one was sure if the explosion would be successful or if the wind would carry harmful radiation and affect us,” Rawlot told Scroll.in. “The villages around the explosion site were counted in the list of ‘martyrs’ as any damage including human health was expected to be like collateral damage in view of the larger good.”

Crops turn white

Shortly after the first explosion, crops in Loharki and Khetolai, the villages closest to the site, began to turn white. Six months later, villagers started to complain of skin irritation, a burning sensation in eyes and nose and eventually of cancer, genetic disorders and skin diseases in humans and cattle.

Instances of cancer are still commonplace. For instance, Om Prakash and his wife Tulsi Vishnoi lost their 18-year-old daughter, Manisha, in August 2013. The high-school student initially complained of a stinging pain in her ears and was soon struck with partial paralysis of her face. “The doctors told us she had cancer,” said her mother. “By August 20, she left us.” Vishnoi is now collecting medical records and seeking the help of lawyers and the doctors who treated Manisha to investigate whether nuclear radiation was indeed the cause for her death.

https://scroll.in/article/664440/fo...-villagers-complain-of-frequent-cancer-deaths

These tests had not only affected the crops which turned white but it also impacted milk production capacity of cattles..... this is really bad and nobody should ever support nuclear energy to fulfill our energy needs..... our needs can be fulfilled by using windmills too..... then why do we need such dirty things????

 

[Rollno21]

When you have no clue about stuff don't discuss.... neither you can prove your self nuclear power, when your centrifuge designs are stolen from Pakistan via Iran.


Than you shall start with giving free medicine and medical treatment to the Indians affected with your dud tests.

That must be prior to 74 I guess ,thank you Pakistan.