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Ted Hooton
China’s still unnamed new aircraft carrier and its expanding submarine fleet could stimulate a growth in Asia’s demand for destroyers and frigates. In the past five decades the distinction between the surface combatants designated ‘destroyers’ and ‘frigates’ has become blurred. The Philippines Navy has acquired, or is acquiring, from the United States two ‘frigates’ which are actually former US Coast Guard Cutters while Pakistan’s Tariq class (formerly the British Amazon class) are referred to as ‘destroyers’ but are actually frigates while Japan officially rates the two 18,000-ton Hyungas and the 19,500 ton 22DDH as ‘destroyers’ when they are actually helicopter carriers and will be ignored in this article.
Both destroyers and frigates feature air and surface surveillance radars, a hull-mounted active sonar, a medium calibre (76-127mm) gun, surface-to-surface missiles and a helicopter deck capable of operating at least a light-weight (four tonne) aircraft. A modern destroyer is a vessel usually displacing more 5,000-8,000 tonnes powered either purely by gas turbines or by a combined gas turbine/diesel propulsion system. Its prime function is Anti-Air Warfare (AAW) with secondary Anti-Surface Warfare (ASuW) and Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) roles, the latter usually based upon lightweight torpedoes and hull-mounted sonars, and it tends to have an area-defence, 30-90 nautical miles (56-167 kilometres), surface-to-air missile system. A frigate may have gas turbine/diesel propulsion or just diesel engines and has a displacement of 1,500-5,000 tons and is usually a multi-role escort platform for task groups or convoys with its primary mission ASW, often augmenting the hull-mounted sonar with a variable depth or towed sonar, ASuW and limited AAW, often with a local-area, 5-7 nautical miles (9-13 kilometres) surface-to-air missile system.
Destroyers are designed to provide a shield against aerial attack for high-value targets such as convoys and major warships like aircraft carriers. They tend to be ‘blue water’ (ocean going) ships and are usually found in navies with major mercantile interests. Frigates can be ‘blue water’ platforms but they are more versatile and can operate in ‘green water’ (littoral) or even ‘brown water’ (coastal) environments but their technical sophistication restricts their operation to the larger Asian navies.
Japan operates the largest fleet with 43 hulls, but 34 of these have the SeaSparrow local area missile system which has a range of 8.5 nautical miles, only the Hatakaze, Kongou and Atago classes having a true Standard Missile (SM) area defence system and in the last two ships this is supported by the Aegis AAW weapon system which is being modified to track and to intercept ballistic missiles. Most Japanese destroyers augment hull-mounted sonars with towed array sensors and for ASuW have either Harpoon or Type 90 (SSM-1B) anti-ship missiles.
China has the second largest fleet with 27 destroyers, but 10 are obsolete Luda (Type 051) without any AAW capability while seven (including four modified Ludas) have only a local area AAW missile system. The modern ships include four Russian-built Sovremennys and two Luzhous (Type 051C), the latter the most modern vessels in the fleet compatible with the US Navy’s Arleigh Burke (DDG 51) class with active phased array radars and a very long range vertically-launched missile similar to the two Luyangs (Type 52B/C) which are the first destroyers to incorporate signature reduction through shaping the hull, the antithesis of the Sovremennys. Most of the Chinese destroyers have the YJ-83 (also C-802) anti-ship missile (SS-N-8 ‘Saccade’
while their ASW weapons include mortars and lightweight torpedoes.
South Korea has nearly a dozen ships and while the three Kwanggaeto Daewang (KDX-1) have only SeaSparrow, the Chungmugong Yi Sun-shin (KDX-2) and Sejong Daewang (KDX-3) have area defence capabilities, the last using Aegis, and are likely to augment their Harpoons with Cheon Ryong long range surface-to-surface missiles making them closely compatible to the US Navy Burkes. Both KDX-1 and KDX-3 can detect submarines at long range through towed array sonars.
Towed arrays, or variable depth, sonars are used by many of India’s half-a-dozen ships which have anti-submarine mortars while for the ASuW role the Russo-Indian Brahmos supersonic weapon is preferred, although the Delhis have Russian subsonic Urans (SS-N-25 ‘Switchblade’. All have Russian-made area AAW systems although three of the Delhis and two of the Russian-built Rajput (Kashin II) class augment these with Israeli-made Barak 1 local area missiles. The only other Asian destroyer operator is Taiwan which operates four Keelung, which were second hand US Navy Kidd (DDG 993) class, which were built for the old Imperial Iranian Navy who also have the SM, Harpoon and towed array sonars.
India, Japan and South Korea are augmenting, or plan to augment, their destroyer fleets. India is building three Kolkata (Project 15A) class ships with the last scheduled to join the fleet in 2013. These 7,000-ton ships are scheduled to have the Indo-Israeli Barak 2 area defence missile, augmented by Barak 1, and will be New Delhi’s first ships with Indian and Israeli sensors. Japan is building four Aizuki (19DD) class destroyers which will be 5,000-ton Aegis-equipped ships the first scheduled to join the fleet this year and the last in 2014. South Korea has long-term plans for six ships described as KDX-2X which will incorporate elements of KDX-2 and KDX-3 but will probably be based upon the latter with Aegis systems. Aegis systems have also been selected by Australia for its new Hobart class destroyers but the design is based upon Spain’s Alvaro de Bazán (F100) class, and these 6,250 ton ships are scheduled to join the fleet between 2014 and 2017. Construction of new destroyers is anticipated in Chinese yards and these are likely to be developments either of the Luyang II or the Luzhou class.
Frigates are operated by 14 Asian navies, mostly the large- and medium-sized ones, which have a total of some 160. Some of them are venerable, including three of Bangladesh’s ships which are nearly 60-years-old and like a similar Thai ship, little more than training vessels, although these are youngsters compared with the Philippine Navy’s BRP Rajah Humabon which was commissioned, as the USS Atherton, in 1943, later transferred to Japan and then given to Manila in 1980. She is one of 16 Asian frigates, including all of Vietnam’s Russian-built Petya (Project 159) class ships, or ten percent of the continent’s inventory built more as ASW platforms and no longer unsuitable for modern escort operations.
Second post-war generation frigates, dating from the 1970s and 1980s, include 13 Oliver Hazard Perry (FFG-7) class frigates acquired second hand from the United States, as with Pakistan’s PNS Alamgir, or built under licence by Australia (Adelaide class) and Taiwan (Cheng Kung class). The Perrys, and Taiwan’s eight Knox (DE 1052) class frigates two of which are also operated by Thailand, are unusual in having an area defence AAW capability through the SM 1 MR (Standard Missile 1 Medium Range) missile with a range of 20.5 nautical miles (38 kilometres). However, it is unclear how these missiles will be supported and they may become time-expired quite soon. Australia is providing four of its Adelaides with a new command and weapon control system, sensors as well as a vertical launching system for Evolved SeaSparrow Missiles (ESSM) giving the ships a local area capability of 10 nautical miles (18.5 kilometres) augmenting their new SM-2 Block IIIA missiles. Taiwan, which has equipped its ships with Hsiung Feng anti-ship missiles, may follow a similar path although the priority appears to be the Kuang Hua 7 programme, for eight 2,000 ton ships to replace the Knoxes.
The cost-effective method of keeping these ships in service is to upgrade them and this has been followed by many navies. Indonesia’s former Dutch Van Speijk class ships, renamed the Ahmad Yani class in 1986 replaced their geared steam turbines between 2006 and 2008 with Caterpillar 3612 and 3616 diesels, except for KRI Oswald Siahaan which received SEMT Pielstick 12 PA6Bs. Half had earlier received LIOD Mk 2 electro-optical directors in the mid 1990s while a Simbad launcher for Mistral missiles was installed to enhance self protection but with their Harpoon missiles now time expired these ships are become ASW platforms. There are no plans to replace them, Jakarta focusing instead upon a new generation of corvettes and Malaysia, having cancelled plans in 2010 to augment its two Lekiu class frigates with two Batch 2 ships, is following the same course.
Pakistan’s Tariqs, acquired second hand from the United Kingdom, were upgraded but in a way which seems almost haphazard and piecemeal including new radars, command and control systems and local area AAW missile, the only uniform feature being the installation of MASS decoy launchers while no attempt was made to upgrade their sonars. India’s Nilgiri’s have been upgraded with variable depth sonar but have no AAW capability, while the Godavari (Project 16) class the local area AAW capability has been enhanced through the replacement of a Russian system with Barak while the replacement of a Russian gun with Oto Melara 76mm has enhanced ASuW capability.
By contrast, China’s 29 Jianghu (Type 053) class have not been upgraded despite lacking any AAW capability while their ASuW potential is limited by the obsolescent HY-2 (CSS-N-3 ‘Seersucker’ anti-ship missile. Japan’s Yuubaris and more modern Abukumas also have no AAW systems but have more modern anti-ship missiles and are essentially ASW platforms but it appears Tokyo will not replace them when they pay off, preferring destroyers instead.
The third post-war generation (1990 onwards) of frigates increasingly sees ship design incorporating signature reduction or ‘stealth’ features such as shaping the superstructure. China’s Jiangkai (Type 054) family reflect this while the Jiangkai II (Type 054A) extend this philosophy by introducing a vertical launching system within the hull. China is currently building up to six Jiangkai II whose 32-cell hull-mounted vertical launch system is believed to house HQ-16 area defence AAW missiles. China has reportedly agreed to sell up to four Jiangkai IIs to Pakistan, reflecting Islamabad’s need for air defence against India’s larger naval air force. Pakistan selected the Chinese-designed Sword (F 22P) class frigates as the core of its new frigate programme and these are based on the Jiangkai hulls with the fourth, and last, PNS Aslat to be commissioned by April 2013. China has supplied Thailand with six Naresuan (Type 25) and Chao Phraya class ships, two of the latter being scheduled for an upgrade from this year, a Jianghu I to Bangladesh (which has a requirement for two frigates) and in March China transferred two Jianghu II class frigates to Myanmar (Burma) as UMS Mahar Bandoola and Mahar Thiha Thura.
India’s Russian-built Talwar (Project 1135.6) and the domestically produced Shivalik (Project 17) class frigates all incorporate ‘stealth’ features, indeed so impressed has the Russian Navy been with the Talwars that they are planning their new class of frigates on these ships. New Delhi is beginning work on the Improved Shivalik (Project 17A) with a requirement for seven of these 5,300-ton ships which may use Barak 2/Barak 8. Vietnam has also turned to Russia to meet its frigate requirements and last year acquired two ‘stealthy’ Gepard (Project 11661) class ships, with a variable depth sonar system and in August ordered another two for delivery from 2015. Perhaps the ‘stealthiest’ frigate design is Singapore’s French-built Formidable class which feature the Herakles multi-function radar and vertical-launch systems for the Aster modular AAW missile system which is available both in local area and area versions. It is believed that one, or more, of these vessels is in line to have an unmanned surface vessel (USV) handling system.
South Korea, which operates nine Ulsan class light frigates (and supplied a modified ship to Bangladesh) will replace them with the Future Experimental Frigate (FFX) programme. They will incorporate ‘stealth’ features and may have a land-attack role. Batch 1 will involve four to six ships, the first-of-class being built by Hyundai, and when the design has matured it will lead to up to 20 Batch 2 ships.
The keel of Australia and New Zealand’s frigate fleets remains the Anzac class and although Canberra is considering eight new ships, twice the size of the existing ships, from 2025 (and New Zealand may join this programme) to Australian focus is to upgrade the ships. New local area AAW missiles, sonars, command systems and anti-ship missiles have already enhanced their all-round capability but a more radical Anti-Ship Missile Defence (ASMD) upgrade programme is underway. Ships will receive active phased array radars, an infra-red search and track system, together with new navigational radar and an improved communications suite. HMAS Perth was the first ship converted, completing trials in July 2011 and in November 2011 approval was given for an upgrade programme which will cost A$650 million and is scheduled for completion in 2017. New Zealand’s upgrades are more modest and focus upon improved diesel engines and self protection.
The Asian market for frigates clearly remains buoyant but it must compete against other requirements. Malaysia and Indonesia, for example, are seeking corvettes, Japan wants destroyers while Thailand (and probably Taiwan) has focused on submarines, but for most of these countries once that requirement is met or for whatever reason discarded, attention is likely to return towards the frigate.
Pull out quotes
Destroyers are designed to provide a shield against aerial attack for high-value targets such as convoys and major warships like aircraft carriers
South Korea has nearly a dozen ships and while the three Kwanggaeto Daewang (KDX-1) have only SeaSparrow, the Chungmugong Yi Sun-shin (KDX-2) and Sejong Daewang (KDX-3) have area defence capabilities
India, Japan and South Korea are augmenting, or plan to augment, their destroyer fleets
Frigates are operated by 14 Asian navies, mostly the large- and medium-sized ones
China has reportedly agreed to sell up to four Jiangkai IIs to Pakistan, reflecting Islamabad’s need for air defence against India’s larger naval air force
Perhaps the ‘stealthiest’ frigate design is Singapore’s French-built Formidable class
http://www.asianmilitaryreview.com/destroyers-and-frigates-asias-principle-surface-combatants/
China’s still unnamed new aircraft carrier and its expanding submarine fleet could stimulate a growth in Asia’s demand for destroyers and frigates. In the past five decades the distinction between the surface combatants designated ‘destroyers’ and ‘frigates’ has become blurred. The Philippines Navy has acquired, or is acquiring, from the United States two ‘frigates’ which are actually former US Coast Guard Cutters while Pakistan’s Tariq class (formerly the British Amazon class) are referred to as ‘destroyers’ but are actually frigates while Japan officially rates the two 18,000-ton Hyungas and the 19,500 ton 22DDH as ‘destroyers’ when they are actually helicopter carriers and will be ignored in this article.
Both destroyers and frigates feature air and surface surveillance radars, a hull-mounted active sonar, a medium calibre (76-127mm) gun, surface-to-surface missiles and a helicopter deck capable of operating at least a light-weight (four tonne) aircraft. A modern destroyer is a vessel usually displacing more 5,000-8,000 tonnes powered either purely by gas turbines or by a combined gas turbine/diesel propulsion system. Its prime function is Anti-Air Warfare (AAW) with secondary Anti-Surface Warfare (ASuW) and Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) roles, the latter usually based upon lightweight torpedoes and hull-mounted sonars, and it tends to have an area-defence, 30-90 nautical miles (56-167 kilometres), surface-to-air missile system. A frigate may have gas turbine/diesel propulsion or just diesel engines and has a displacement of 1,500-5,000 tons and is usually a multi-role escort platform for task groups or convoys with its primary mission ASW, often augmenting the hull-mounted sonar with a variable depth or towed sonar, ASuW and limited AAW, often with a local-area, 5-7 nautical miles (9-13 kilometres) surface-to-air missile system.
Destroyers are designed to provide a shield against aerial attack for high-value targets such as convoys and major warships like aircraft carriers. They tend to be ‘blue water’ (ocean going) ships and are usually found in navies with major mercantile interests. Frigates can be ‘blue water’ platforms but they are more versatile and can operate in ‘green water’ (littoral) or even ‘brown water’ (coastal) environments but their technical sophistication restricts their operation to the larger Asian navies.
Japan operates the largest fleet with 43 hulls, but 34 of these have the SeaSparrow local area missile system which has a range of 8.5 nautical miles, only the Hatakaze, Kongou and Atago classes having a true Standard Missile (SM) area defence system and in the last two ships this is supported by the Aegis AAW weapon system which is being modified to track and to intercept ballistic missiles. Most Japanese destroyers augment hull-mounted sonars with towed array sensors and for ASuW have either Harpoon or Type 90 (SSM-1B) anti-ship missiles.
China has the second largest fleet with 27 destroyers, but 10 are obsolete Luda (Type 051) without any AAW capability while seven (including four modified Ludas) have only a local area AAW missile system. The modern ships include four Russian-built Sovremennys and two Luzhous (Type 051C), the latter the most modern vessels in the fleet compatible with the US Navy’s Arleigh Burke (DDG 51) class with active phased array radars and a very long range vertically-launched missile similar to the two Luyangs (Type 52B/C) which are the first destroyers to incorporate signature reduction through shaping the hull, the antithesis of the Sovremennys. Most of the Chinese destroyers have the YJ-83 (also C-802) anti-ship missile (SS-N-8 ‘Saccade’
while their ASW weapons include mortars and lightweight torpedoes.South Korea has nearly a dozen ships and while the three Kwanggaeto Daewang (KDX-1) have only SeaSparrow, the Chungmugong Yi Sun-shin (KDX-2) and Sejong Daewang (KDX-3) have area defence capabilities, the last using Aegis, and are likely to augment their Harpoons with Cheon Ryong long range surface-to-surface missiles making them closely compatible to the US Navy Burkes. Both KDX-1 and KDX-3 can detect submarines at long range through towed array sonars.
Towed arrays, or variable depth, sonars are used by many of India’s half-a-dozen ships which have anti-submarine mortars while for the ASuW role the Russo-Indian Brahmos supersonic weapon is preferred, although the Delhis have Russian subsonic Urans (SS-N-25 ‘Switchblade’
. All have Russian-made area AAW systems although three of the Delhis and two of the Russian-built Rajput (Kashin II) class augment these with Israeli-made Barak 1 local area missiles. The only other Asian destroyer operator is Taiwan which operates four Keelung, which were second hand US Navy Kidd (DDG 993) class, which were built for the old Imperial Iranian Navy who also have the SM, Harpoon and towed array sonars.India, Japan and South Korea are augmenting, or plan to augment, their destroyer fleets. India is building three Kolkata (Project 15A) class ships with the last scheduled to join the fleet in 2013. These 7,000-ton ships are scheduled to have the Indo-Israeli Barak 2 area defence missile, augmented by Barak 1, and will be New Delhi’s first ships with Indian and Israeli sensors. Japan is building four Aizuki (19DD) class destroyers which will be 5,000-ton Aegis-equipped ships the first scheduled to join the fleet this year and the last in 2014. South Korea has long-term plans for six ships described as KDX-2X which will incorporate elements of KDX-2 and KDX-3 but will probably be based upon the latter with Aegis systems. Aegis systems have also been selected by Australia for its new Hobart class destroyers but the design is based upon Spain’s Alvaro de Bazán (F100) class, and these 6,250 ton ships are scheduled to join the fleet between 2014 and 2017. Construction of new destroyers is anticipated in Chinese yards and these are likely to be developments either of the Luyang II or the Luzhou class.
Frigates are operated by 14 Asian navies, mostly the large- and medium-sized ones, which have a total of some 160. Some of them are venerable, including three of Bangladesh’s ships which are nearly 60-years-old and like a similar Thai ship, little more than training vessels, although these are youngsters compared with the Philippine Navy’s BRP Rajah Humabon which was commissioned, as the USS Atherton, in 1943, later transferred to Japan and then given to Manila in 1980. She is one of 16 Asian frigates, including all of Vietnam’s Russian-built Petya (Project 159) class ships, or ten percent of the continent’s inventory built more as ASW platforms and no longer unsuitable for modern escort operations.
Second post-war generation frigates, dating from the 1970s and 1980s, include 13 Oliver Hazard Perry (FFG-7) class frigates acquired second hand from the United States, as with Pakistan’s PNS Alamgir, or built under licence by Australia (Adelaide class) and Taiwan (Cheng Kung class). The Perrys, and Taiwan’s eight Knox (DE 1052) class frigates two of which are also operated by Thailand, are unusual in having an area defence AAW capability through the SM 1 MR (Standard Missile 1 Medium Range) missile with a range of 20.5 nautical miles (38 kilometres). However, it is unclear how these missiles will be supported and they may become time-expired quite soon. Australia is providing four of its Adelaides with a new command and weapon control system, sensors as well as a vertical launching system for Evolved SeaSparrow Missiles (ESSM) giving the ships a local area capability of 10 nautical miles (18.5 kilometres) augmenting their new SM-2 Block IIIA missiles. Taiwan, which has equipped its ships with Hsiung Feng anti-ship missiles, may follow a similar path although the priority appears to be the Kuang Hua 7 programme, for eight 2,000 ton ships to replace the Knoxes.
The cost-effective method of keeping these ships in service is to upgrade them and this has been followed by many navies. Indonesia’s former Dutch Van Speijk class ships, renamed the Ahmad Yani class in 1986 replaced their geared steam turbines between 2006 and 2008 with Caterpillar 3612 and 3616 diesels, except for KRI Oswald Siahaan which received SEMT Pielstick 12 PA6Bs. Half had earlier received LIOD Mk 2 electro-optical directors in the mid 1990s while a Simbad launcher for Mistral missiles was installed to enhance self protection but with their Harpoon missiles now time expired these ships are become ASW platforms. There are no plans to replace them, Jakarta focusing instead upon a new generation of corvettes and Malaysia, having cancelled plans in 2010 to augment its two Lekiu class frigates with two Batch 2 ships, is following the same course.
Pakistan’s Tariqs, acquired second hand from the United Kingdom, were upgraded but in a way which seems almost haphazard and piecemeal including new radars, command and control systems and local area AAW missile, the only uniform feature being the installation of MASS decoy launchers while no attempt was made to upgrade their sonars. India’s Nilgiri’s have been upgraded with variable depth sonar but have no AAW capability, while the Godavari (Project 16) class the local area AAW capability has been enhanced through the replacement of a Russian system with Barak while the replacement of a Russian gun with Oto Melara 76mm has enhanced ASuW capability.
By contrast, China’s 29 Jianghu (Type 053) class have not been upgraded despite lacking any AAW capability while their ASuW potential is limited by the obsolescent HY-2 (CSS-N-3 ‘Seersucker’
anti-ship missile. Japan’s Yuubaris and more modern Abukumas also have no AAW systems but have more modern anti-ship missiles and are essentially ASW platforms but it appears Tokyo will not replace them when they pay off, preferring destroyers instead.The third post-war generation (1990 onwards) of frigates increasingly sees ship design incorporating signature reduction or ‘stealth’ features such as shaping the superstructure. China’s Jiangkai (Type 054) family reflect this while the Jiangkai II (Type 054A) extend this philosophy by introducing a vertical launching system within the hull. China is currently building up to six Jiangkai II whose 32-cell hull-mounted vertical launch system is believed to house HQ-16 area defence AAW missiles. China has reportedly agreed to sell up to four Jiangkai IIs to Pakistan, reflecting Islamabad’s need for air defence against India’s larger naval air force. Pakistan selected the Chinese-designed Sword (F 22P) class frigates as the core of its new frigate programme and these are based on the Jiangkai hulls with the fourth, and last, PNS Aslat to be commissioned by April 2013. China has supplied Thailand with six Naresuan (Type 25) and Chao Phraya class ships, two of the latter being scheduled for an upgrade from this year, a Jianghu I to Bangladesh (which has a requirement for two frigates) and in March China transferred two Jianghu II class frigates to Myanmar (Burma) as UMS Mahar Bandoola and Mahar Thiha Thura.
India’s Russian-built Talwar (Project 1135.6) and the domestically produced Shivalik (Project 17) class frigates all incorporate ‘stealth’ features, indeed so impressed has the Russian Navy been with the Talwars that they are planning their new class of frigates on these ships. New Delhi is beginning work on the Improved Shivalik (Project 17A) with a requirement for seven of these 5,300-ton ships which may use Barak 2/Barak 8. Vietnam has also turned to Russia to meet its frigate requirements and last year acquired two ‘stealthy’ Gepard (Project 11661) class ships, with a variable depth sonar system and in August ordered another two for delivery from 2015. Perhaps the ‘stealthiest’ frigate design is Singapore’s French-built Formidable class which feature the Herakles multi-function radar and vertical-launch systems for the Aster modular AAW missile system which is available both in local area and area versions. It is believed that one, or more, of these vessels is in line to have an unmanned surface vessel (USV) handling system.
South Korea, which operates nine Ulsan class light frigates (and supplied a modified ship to Bangladesh) will replace them with the Future Experimental Frigate (FFX) programme. They will incorporate ‘stealth’ features and may have a land-attack role. Batch 1 will involve four to six ships, the first-of-class being built by Hyundai, and when the design has matured it will lead to up to 20 Batch 2 ships.
The keel of Australia and New Zealand’s frigate fleets remains the Anzac class and although Canberra is considering eight new ships, twice the size of the existing ships, from 2025 (and New Zealand may join this programme) to Australian focus is to upgrade the ships. New local area AAW missiles, sonars, command systems and anti-ship missiles have already enhanced their all-round capability but a more radical Anti-Ship Missile Defence (ASMD) upgrade programme is underway. Ships will receive active phased array radars, an infra-red search and track system, together with new navigational radar and an improved communications suite. HMAS Perth was the first ship converted, completing trials in July 2011 and in November 2011 approval was given for an upgrade programme which will cost A$650 million and is scheduled for completion in 2017. New Zealand’s upgrades are more modest and focus upon improved diesel engines and self protection.
The Asian market for frigates clearly remains buoyant but it must compete against other requirements. Malaysia and Indonesia, for example, are seeking corvettes, Japan wants destroyers while Thailand (and probably Taiwan) has focused on submarines, but for most of these countries once that requirement is met or for whatever reason discarded, attention is likely to return towards the frigate.
Pull out quotes
Destroyers are designed to provide a shield against aerial attack for high-value targets such as convoys and major warships like aircraft carriers
South Korea has nearly a dozen ships and while the three Kwanggaeto Daewang (KDX-1) have only SeaSparrow, the Chungmugong Yi Sun-shin (KDX-2) and Sejong Daewang (KDX-3) have area defence capabilities
India, Japan and South Korea are augmenting, or plan to augment, their destroyer fleets
Frigates are operated by 14 Asian navies, mostly the large- and medium-sized ones
China has reportedly agreed to sell up to four Jiangkai IIs to Pakistan, reflecting Islamabad’s need for air defence against India’s larger naval air force
Perhaps the ‘stealthiest’ frigate design is Singapore’s French-built Formidable class
http://www.asianmilitaryreview.com/destroyers-and-frigates-asias-principle-surface-combatants/
neolithic
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new Russian Buyan-M class (project 21631)
I wish PN will going to modify FAC and make a new one of 700 Tons with all the capabilities like AShMs(already Present), New Main gun of 57m.m Caliber, 3-cell Torpedo tubes on each side and along with CIWS with RAM on it....
I am sure PN would then acquire at least 11 of them...
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This sounds more like the F-22P Block-II which INSHA ALLAH soon going to be produced at KE&SW and about 6-7 of them to replace the Type-21 from PN fleet and may its smaller version of about 1900-2100 would also going to produce about 5 of them...
Pray to ALLAH that everything good is going to happen. Ameen.
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Lockheed Martin Unveils Its Multi-Mission Combatant for Navies Worldwide
Industry team continues on-time delivery of Freedom-variant Littoral Combat Ships to U.S. Navy
15:05 GMT, October 23, 2012 PARIS | With two Littoral Combat Ships (LCS) currently in the U.S. Navy fleet, two more in production and two others under contract, Lockheed Martin is leveraging experience gained through the LCS program to offer a Multi-Mission Combatant for navies worldwide.
The Multi-Mission Combatant (see Lockheed Martin · Multi-Mission Combatant) is an agile, modular vessel capable of speeds in excess of 40 knots. It provides the power of a larger platform with a smaller crew, similar to the core 40 sailors the U.S. Navy uses on its version of the ship. As a next generation surface combat warship for international navies, the ships can deliver maximum firepower to meet current and future operational requirements with lengths ranging from 85 to 118 meters and displacement ranging from 1,800 to 3,500 tons.
"The resurgence of piracy, and threats to open trade and commerce, along with the need for nations to protect sovereign shorelines, requires a ship class capable of multitasking without compromising mission effectiveness in complex security environments," said Joe North, vice president of Littoral Ship Systems at Lockheed Martin's Mission Systems & Sensors business. "Our proven multi-mission design offers a formidable combatant with less cost, less risk and lower manning requirements, resulting in a ship that can be efficiently and affordably adapted for a variety of combat and humanitarian missions."
The ship's design is intended to be adapted for a variety of missions, including anti-air, mine countermeasures, anti-surface, anti-submarine and electronic warfare, with inherent capability for supporting counterterrorism activities, anti-piracy missions, special operations missions, maritime interdiction and humanitarian relief operations.
By leveraging the U.S. Navy's latest technologies, international navies can benefit from the ship's interoperable capabilities with systems like the common radio room and platforms such as Lockheed Martin's MH-60R helicopters and Remote Multi-Mission Vehicles.
The Lockheed Martin-led industry team is building the Freedom-variants for the U.S. Navy on schedule and on budget. USS Freedom (LCS 1), the U.S. Navy's first LCS, will deploy to Singapore in 2013. USS Fort Worth (LCS 3) was commissioned in September and is now homeported in San Diego. The fifth and seventh ships - Milwaukee (LCS 5) and Detroit (LCS 7) - are under construction. Earlier this year, the Navy funded Little Rock (LCS 9) and Sioux City (LCS 11). Follow-on options call for six more ships by 2015.
defence.professionals | defpro.com
Saudi Arabia should work on such three types with help from outside...
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Buyan - M - 950 tones. 100 mm main gun. 8 Kalibr(up to 2500 km range) or Oniks missles. 30 mm SAM AK-630-M2 Duet. 2 SAM "Gibka" - igla or igla-m missles. 2 14,5 mm guns. 3 7,62 mm guns. May operate in rivers and seas.
vostok
PDF THINK TANK: ANALYST
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Small Artillery Ship - Project 21631 Byan class. 550 Tons. 1 x 100 mm A-190. 2 x 30 mm AK-630. 1x40 A-215 "Grad-M". 1x4 3M-47 Gibka (Igla-1M). 2x1 14.5 mm, 3x1 7.62 mm.
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ChineseTiger1986
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The aircraft carrier 001A.
Type 052D
Type 052D
Prechko
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Yugoslav Navy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Yugoslavia in late eighties had a decent naval force , some of the ships built in Croatian shipyards for YN
"Kotor" Class - improved & redesigned Soviet "Koni" Class
Kotor-class frigate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Končar" Class missile boat - later Croatian ships of this type were armed with RBS-15 Mk.1
Kon
Yugoslavia in late eighties had a decent naval force , some of the ships built in Croatian shipyards for YN
"Kotor" Class - improved & redesigned Soviet "Koni" Class
Kotor-class frigate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Končar" Class missile boat - later Croatian ships of this type were armed with RBS-15 Mk.1
Kon
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