November 22, 2011, 9:25 AM IST.
Are All These Maps Really Pro-Pakistan?
By Tom Wright
OK, so everyone knows that India, like Pakistan, claims the divided region of Kashmir in its entirety.
Everyone also knows that the seven-decade stalemate that has split the Himalayan territory between India- and Pakistan-administered portions is unlikely to change any time soon.
So, why does India get so upset every time a government, company or international body fails on a map of the region, however small, to show India’s territorial claims over the Pakistan-administered portion of Kashmir?
It’s happened many times before and occurred again this week after Indian officials complained to the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi about a map on the State Department website that showed Pakistan-administered Kashmir as part of Pakistan proper.
India’s Ministry of External Affairs lamented the “gross inaccuracies” in the map and said it had conveyed its displeasure to the Embassy. The whole of Kashmir is an “integral part” of India, it said, and maps “should depict the boundaries of our country correctly.”
It’s one thing for a customs official insisting on black-penning the Indian version of the border onto a child’s imported globe (yes, this happened.) But for it to reach the level of official, public MEA statements is absurd.
India has become increasingly militant over its cartographic claims. Editions of The Economist magazine, including the current one, have been held up by Indian customs over objections they showed the effective borders in Kashmir rather than only India’s claims.
Why India believes other countries and international publications must show its territorial claims and not the situation on the ground is unclear, and not matched by how map-makers deal with other disputed borders.
Take the 38th Parallel, for instance, the cease-fire line that has divided the Korean peninsula since 1945. Fighting between North and South Korea ended in 1953, but the border has never been formalized. Yet South Korea doesn’t yell publicly when Google Inc.’s maps show the 38th Parallel as the nation’s effective border with North Korea.
When Google did the same thing with India last year, showing its de facto rather than claimed border with Pakistan-administered Kashmir, it caused a furor here. (Google relented and, today, if you access its maps in India, you’ll confusingly see India sharing a border with Afghanistan, which might be India’s claim but is not reality.)
It is now customary to mark a map of Kashmir with dotted lines with labels that say “controlled by Pakistan and claimed by India” and “controlled by India and claimed by Pakistan.” (China controls a part which is claimed by India, but that’s another story.)
But the U.S. State Department map, part of an A-Z of thumbnail sketches of countries with whom America has diplomatic relations, was by no means meant to show this level of detail.
A spokesman for the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi acknowledged there were “inaccuracies” and said the State Department had removed the map. But he added it “was not meant to represent the same precision and intricacies of a scientific map.”
There was much gnashing of teeth in the Indian press. One Times of India report even went so far as to claim these cartographic missteps are starting to anger not only officials but also journalists.
It’s clear that India will have to move beyond this kind of petty griping if it’s going to take the lead in a peace deal with Pakistan, an unstable country that is fast losing the support of the U.S.
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has made peace with Pakistan a key plank of his administration, and a settlement on Kashmir will be key.
At a time when the world, the U.S. included, is courting India, hoping to tap into its economic growth and the global reach of its culture, it’s unclear why those in Delhi officialdom continue to see this kind of unintended geographical faux-pas as some kind of Machiavellian plot to do the country out of its rights.
Brahma Chellaney, an analyst at the New Delhi-based Center for Policy Research, contacted by the Times of India, went as far as to say the map showed a “pro-Pakistan cartographic tilt.”
Perhaps that was true during the Cold War, when India warmed to the Soviet Union and the U.S. courted Pakistan. But as anyone who spends time in Pakistan at the moment knows, this kind of comment would be met with disbelief by the chattering classes in Islamabad, who feel the U.S. is embracing India while slighting Pakistan.
The examples are piling up. President Barack Obama made an historic trip to India a year ago, but has failed to visit Pakistan. The U.S. in 2005 signed a civilian nuclear deal with India and caused anger in Pakistan for denying them the same kind of agreement. And the U.S. is increasingly berating Pakistan in public for its ties to Taliban militants and has effectively turned the spigot off on aid.
So why all the fuss over a small map which shows how things stand in Kashmir and in no way curtails India’s claims over the region?
Are All These Maps Really Pro-Pakistan? - India Real Time - WSJ
India cries too much