"Bengal had a bountiful harvest in 1942, but the British started diverting vast quantities of food grain from India to Britain, contributing to a massive food shortage in the areas comprising present-day West Bengal, Odisha, Bihar and Bangladesh,"
Not denying the fact that '43's Bengal famine was a purely man made one, the article's assertion that the said famine was caused due to diversion of food grains to Britain may not be entirely correct. A number of scholars like
P C Moholanobish and
Amartya Sen have in fact sited several other reasons that led Bengal to this disaster. Some of them are as follows,
1. Bengal contrary to the article's belief was traditionally dependent on the rice import from Burma then. The Japanese advance into Burmese territory cut off this supply chain. Influx of a large scale Burmese refugees during this period also brought food scarcity in the region.
2. The notorious 'denial policy' (widespread confiscation of bullock carts, boats) and scorch earth policy aimed to starve the invading Japanese army were two vital contributor in this famine. Pockets in rural area saw a massive surge in price of rice (Rs 3 in Feb 1942 to Rs 100 in Dec 1943) and countless people perished in these pockets.
3. Large scale procurement of food grains from market to feed the Allied army.
4. Restrictions on movement of goods including food grain by railways and roadways.
5.Black marketeering by corrupt businessmen predominantly Marwaris. Ration shop owners sold essential commodities to dishonest black marketeers in Calcutta at a higher price. This is why urban Bengali speaking elite class never felt the wrath of hunger because of better purchasing power and sufficient availability of food grains.
6. Farmers especially from Medinipur and 24 Parganas were forcefully removed from their land upon fear of Japanese invasion letting large tracts of land fallow. These farmers were already inflicted with a disastrous cyclone in 1942. But as these areas earned the reputation to be most hostile towards British during Quit India movement, no relief came from the government. As a result, those who were dying on streets of Kolkata in 1943, majority of them were from these two areas.
So, the article though correct in calling it a 'man made famine', is little inaccurate in diagnosing its actual origins.