TOP 10 WAR DETERRENT WEAPONS OF INDIA

[DrSomnath999]

NUMBER 10: CBU-97 SENSOR FUZED WEAPONS

The CBU-97 consists of an SUU-66/B tactical munition dispenser that contains 10 BLU-108 submunitions. Each submunition contains four hockey-puck-shaped sensor-fused projectiles called Skeets. These detect targets, such as tanks, armored personnel carriers, trucks and other support vehicles, and fire an expl osively formed penetrator.
Operation
The 40 Skeets scan an area of 1,500 feet (460 m) by 500 feet (150 m) using infrared and laser sensors, seeking targets by pattern-matching. When a Skeet finds a target it fires an explosively-formed penetrator to destroy it. If a Skeet fails to find a target, it self-destructs 50 feet (15 m) above the ground; if this fails, a back-up timer disables the Skeet. These features are intended to avoid hurting civilians later, and result in an unexploded-ordnance rate of less than 1%.
As the CBU-97 approaches its designated aim-point, the dispenser skin is severed into three panels by an explosive cutting charge. The slipstream peels away these panels, exposing the 10 BLU-108 submunitions. An airbag ejects the forward five submunitions, then five in the aft bay. Following a preset timeline, the submunitions deploy parachutes so that they are spaced about 100 feet (30 m) apart. Then each submunition releases its chute, fires a rocket motor that stops its descent and spins it on its longitudinal axis, and releases pairs of Skeets 90 degrees apart. Each spinning Skeet makes a coning motion that allows it to scan a circular area on the ground.
The laser sensor detects changes in height such as the distinctive contour of a vehicle. At the same time, infrared sensors detect heat signatures, such as those emitted by the engine of a target vehicle. When the combination of height contours and heat signatures indicative of a target are detected, the Skeet detonates, firing an explosively formed penetrator (EFP) into the target vehicle at high speed, enabling it to penetrate armor plating and destroy what is underneath the armor plating. Note that SFW disables targets using the kinetic energy of the EFP, not the blast of an explosive charge.
India Buys GPS-Guided “Cans of Whup-***”
NUMBER 9.MAIN BATTLE TANKS

(I)ARJUN MARK 2 & FUTURE MBT

Arjun Mark II MBT is an advanced version of the Arjun MBT being developed by Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment (CRVDE), part of Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO).
The Arjun features a 120 mm main rifled gun with indigenously developed APFSDS ammunition, one 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun, and a 12.7 mm machine gun. It is powered by a single MTU multi-fuel diesel engine rated at 1,400 hp, and can achieve a maximum speed of 70 km/h (43 mph) and a cross-country speed of 40 km/h (25 mph). It has a four-man crew: commander, gunner, loader and driver. Automatic fire detection and suppression, and NBC protection systems are included. All-round anti-tank warhead protection by the newly developed Kanchan armour is claimed to be much higher than available in comparable third generation tanks.

Armament
Armed with a 120 mm rifled gun, the Arjun is believed to be capable of firing APFSDS (Kinetic Energy) rounds, HE, HEAT, High Explosive Squash Head (HESH) rounds at the rate of 6-8 rounds per minute and the Israeli semi-active laser guided LAHAT missile.

Protection
The turret and glacis are heavily armoured and use "Kanchan" ("gold") modular composite armour. The Kanchan armour got its name from Kanchan Bagh, Hyderabad, where the Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL) is located. The armour is made by sandwiching composite panels between Rolled Homogenous Armor (RHA) to defeat APFDS or HEAT rounds. During the trials in 2000, the Kanchan was able to withstand a hit from a T-72 at point blank range, and was able to defeat all available HESH and APFSDS rounds, which included the Israeli APFSDS rounds. A new honeycomb design non-explosive and non-energetic reactive armour (NERA) armour is reportedly being tested on the Arjun.

Arjun Mk-II
Arjun’s new version boasts of an improved missile firing range apart from a latest laser system, which can detect explosives on the ground. Another critical feature of the tank is that a missile can be fired from it to destroy long range targets and also shoot down enemy helicopters.

The critical summer trials of the Arjun Mark-II version took place in June in Pokhran, Rajasthan and were conducted by the DRDO, while the winter trials are expected to take place later in the year. The June trials have already seen the Arjun MBT Mark-II tested with a number of technical improvements, including command panoramic sight and uncooled thermal image. It has been estimated that 40 more technological improvements are to be tested, including a new transmission control system and new fuel tanks. The first phase of the end user trials will happen by October or November for the missile and other design improvements.

CVRDE Director P. Sivakumar has indicated that the Arjun Mark II MBT will have a total of 93 upgrades including 13 major improvements as compared to Arjun Mark I. The major upgrades would be missile-firing capability against long-range targets, panoramic sight with night vision to engage targets effectively at night, containerisation of the ammunition and enhanced main weapon penetration. There will also be additional ammunition types, explosive reactive armour, and an advanced air-defence gun to engage helicopters, a mine plough, an advanced land navigation system and a warning system which can fire smoke grenades to confuse laser guidance. Other upgrades are an enhanced Auxiliary power unit providing and improved gun barrel.


DRDO chief VK Saraswat said the German engine on the current version of the tank would be replaced by an Indian power plant and the new variant (Arjun Mk-II) would have 90% indigenous component. Saraswat, also the scientific adviser to the defence minister, told HT at Aero India-2011: "The new variant will have high indigenous quotient, except for some hydraulic and electronic systems. The tank should be ready in early 2014. It will feature several modifications including superior missile firing capabilities." On June-2011 the Mk-II begun to undergo trials at Pokhran ranges in Rajasthan. The Mk-II is also expected to go through its winter trials later the same year.

Arjun tank hull and turret has been modified to achieve the target weight of about 55 tons from 59-64 tons. Elbit is helping to enhance its firepower and battlefield survivability and IMI is helping to augment Arjun Mk II’s mobility, redesign its turret and hull and improve its production-line processes told Rahul Bedi, Jane's correspondent.


FUTURE MBT
The Arjun MKII variant is to be followed by the Futuristic Main Battle Tank (FMBT), which started development in 2010. The Indian Army plans to induct the FMBT from 2020 onwards. The FMBT will be a lighter tank of 50 tons.
Urgently in need of capable tanks, the army has worked with DRDO to finalise a broad range of capabilities for the FMBT. These have been formalised in a document called the Preliminary Specifications Qualitative Requirement (PSQR). The detailed specifications of the FMBT, once finalised, will be listed in General Staff Qualitative Requirements (GSQR).

Amongst the capabilities being finalised for the GSQR are: active armour, which will shoot down enemy anti-tank projectiles before they strike the FMBT; extreme mobility, which makes the FMBT much harder to hit; the capability to operate in a nuclear-contaminated battlefield without exposing the crew to radiation; and the networked flow of information to the FMBT, providing full situational awareness to the crew, even when “buttoned down” inside the tank.

Also being finalised is the FMBT armament, a key attribute that determines a tank’s battlefield influence. The Arjun already has a heavy 120mm ‘main gun’, and two small-calibre machine guns; the recently ordered batch of 124 Arjuns will also fire anti-tank missiles through their main gun. The army wants all of those for the FMBT, with ranges enhanced through technological improvements.

However, the DRDO chief ruled out an electromagnetic gun, the next generation in high-velocity guns towards which armament technology aspires. “The Future MBT is not so far in the future,” Saraswat quipped.
DRDO to develop army's next-generation tank

(II)T-90S BHEESHMA MAIN BATTLE TANK,

The T-90 is a Russian third-generation main battle tank that is a modernisation of the T-72 (it was originally to be called the T-72BU, later renamed to T-90)
The T-90M Bhishma is a customized, improved version of the T-90S which India developed with assistance from Russia, Israel and France all of whom India has very close ties with. The tanks are equipped with the French-designed thermal sights and utilizes India's Kanchan explosive reactive armored plates. In April 2008, the Indian Army sent request for proposals to Rafael, BAE Systems, Raytheon, Rosoboronexport, Saab, and Germany’s IBD Deisenroth Engineering for an active protection system for the T-90S Bhishma. The contract is expected to be worth US$270 million . Saab's LEDS-150 has won the contract.

The T-90M features the ‘Kaktus’ embedded explosive reactive armour (ERA) package on its frontal hull and turret-top (the T-90S has ‘Kontakt-5’ ERA), is fitted with an enhanced environmental control system supplied by Israel’s Kinetics Ltd for providing cooled air to the fighting compartment, has additional internal volume for housing the cryogenic cooling systems for new-generation thermal imagers like the THALES-built Catherine-FC thermal imager (operating in the 8-12 micrometre bandwidth). In all, India plans to have 1,640 T-90 tanks in service by 2018-2020.

Armament
T-90 tanks featuring 2A46M 125 mm smoothbore tank gun, NSV 12.7 mm AA machine gun and PKT 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun.
The T-90's main armament is the 2A46M 125 mm smoothbore tank gun. This is a highly modified version of the Sprut anti-tank gun, and is the same gun used as the main armament on the T-80-series tanks. It can be replaced without dismantling the inner turret and is capable of firing armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS), high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT-FS), and high explosive fragmentation (HE-FRAG) ammunition, as well as 9M119M Refleks anti-tank guided missiles.

Protection
T-90S Bhishma of Indian Army is fitted only with a "two-tiered" protection system: the first tier is the composite armour in the turret, second tier is third generation Kontakt-5 ERA.
The first tier is the composite armour in the turret, consisting of basic armour shell with an insert of alternating layers of aluminum and plastics and a controlled deformation section.
The second tier is third generation Kontakt-5 ERA (explosive reactive armor) which significantly degrades the penetrating power of kinetic-energy APFSDS ammunition and also these ERA blocks give the turret its distinctive angled "clam shell" appearance.

NUMBER 8. COMBAT HELICOPTERS
(I)LCH

The 5.5-tonne twin engine LCH is a derivative of Dhruv ALH with tandem seating.
The HAL developed LCH will supplement the 22 attack helicopters that India is seeking as part of an international tender.
The Light Combat Helicopter (LCH) is a derivative of Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) Dhruv. It features tandem seating, instead of side by side as on the Dhruv, armor protection, and a glass cockpit. Its Shakti engine, jointly developed by HAL and Turbomeca of France, has been optimized for high altitude operations.

Design Features
The machine is a Low Observable (LO) design with reduced visual, aural, radar and infra red signatures. It features canted panels for lower radar cross section and IR suppressor for low IR signature.It has crashworthy landing gear for better survivability. The hingeless rotors and the powerful Shakti engines enable the easy manoeuvring of LCH even with weapons.

Armament
It will be armed with a 20mm turret twin-barrel gun, cluster bombs, rocket pods as well as air-to-air and air-to-ground missiles.It has a chin-mounted canon along with the helmet mounted sighting system, which gives the pilot the capability to look and fire at targets around the aircraft.The DRDO is reported to be developing the HELINA missile, a Nag derivative with an extended range of 7 km, to augment the helicopter's air-to-ground capability.

Advanced Rotor Design
Dr. Prasad Sampath, general manager of HAL's Rotary Wing Research & Design Center, told the press during Aero India 2011 that the LCH was ‘probably the most agile design in the world because of its rotor

Avionics
Its advanced sensor suite, developed with the help of Israel, consists of CCD Camera, Forward looking infrared imaging technology and Laser range finder, facilitates target acquisition in all weather conditions and at night.The EW suite has been procured from SAAB, South Africa. The Helicopter would be fitted with a Data Link for network-centric operations facilitating the transfer of mission data to the other airborne platforms and ground stations operating in the network, thus facilitating the force multiplication.

Role
LCH is intended for use in air defense against slow moving aerial targets, destruction of enemy air defence operations, escort to special heliborne operations, support of combat search and rescue operations, anti-tank role and scout duties.
Designed for anti-tank and anti-infantry roles with a maximum speed of 275 kmph (148kt), it will also be capable of high-altitude warfare since its operational ceiling will be 16,000 to 18,000 feet (5,490m).


(II)AH-64D BLOCK III APACHE HELICOPTERS

US government details AH-64D bid for Indian air force contract
The AH-64D Apache Longbow, is equipped with an advanced sensor suite and a glass cockpit. The main improvement over the A-variant is the dome installed over the main rotor, housing the AN/APG-78 Longbow millimeter-wave Fire Control Radar (FCR) target acquisition system and the Radar Frequency Interferometer (RFI).[ The raised position of the radome enables the detection of targets and launching of missiles while the helicopter is behind obstacles (e.g. terrain, trees or buildings). A radio modem integrated with the sensor suite allows data to be shared with other D-models; allowing them to fire on targets detected by a single helicopter.
The aircraft is powered by a pair of uprated T700-GE-701C engines. The forward fuselage of the aircraft was expanded to accommodate new systems for improved crashworthiness, survivability, navigation, and 'tactical internet' communications capabilities. The first of the upgraded Block II Apaches was delivered to the US Army in February 2003. Block II includes upgrades to the digital communications systems.
Block III aircraft include the following upgrades: improved digital connectivity, the joint tactical radio system, enhanced engines and drive systems, capability to control UAVs, new composite rotor blade, full IFR capability and improved landing gear. The new blades, which successfully completed flight testing in May 2004, increased the Apache's cruise speed, climb rate and payload capability.The US Army now plans to field the first Block III equipped unit in November 2012.[172] The Army awarded a contract to begin initial production of Block III helicopters in October 2010.[173] Throughout 2011, AH-64Ds will be upgraded with VNsight low-light television sensors (LLTV), allowing ambient lighting such as street lights, beacons, and headlights to be viewable; which existing thermal imagers cannot do.


Armament

Guns: 1× 30 × 113 mm (1.18 × 4.45 in) M230 Chain Gun with 1,200 rounds
Hardpoints: Up to 6 pylon stations on stub wing
Rockets: Hydra 70 air-to-ground rockets
Missiles: combination of AGM-114 Hellfire, AIM-9 Sidewinder, and AIM-92 Stinger



NUMBER 7.BOEING P-8I POSEIDON MARITIME MULTIMISSION AIRCRAFT (MMA)

Performance

The aircraft will be armed with sonobuoys, torpedos and Harpoon anti-ship missiles. So far India has not conveyed to Boeing any interest in arming the aircraft with the Brahmos missiles.

Sensor Suite

For spotting and tracking threats it is equipped with
*An upgraded Raytheon APS137 Maritime Surveillance Radar designated AN/APY-10 with 240 degrees forward coverage.
*Telephonics APS-143C(V)3 Multi-Mode Radar (MMR) for aft coverage. The radar is also fitted on aircraft such as the USCG HC-144A Maritime Patrol Aircraft, and HU-25D Falcon Jet. The APS-143 is featured on most international S-70 Naval Hawk helicopters and certain NH-90, Super Lynx and other Maritime Helicopters.
*Electro-optical / infrared sensors from Northrop Grumman's Electronic Systems
*A rotary internal re loadable pneumatically controlled sonobuoy launcher.
*Canadian firm CAE's AN/ASQ-508A Advanced Integrated Magnetic Anomaly Detection (MAD) System.
SIGINT equipment.


Self Protection Suite
* Towed Decoy Self Protection
* Infrared countermeasures

Weapon Suite
At the Singapore air show in February 2010, Boeing revealed that the Indian Navy had sought Raytheon Fish Hawk GPS-guidance wing kit along with MK-54 anti-submarine torpedoes as part of the weapons package.

Mk-54 Torpedo Characteristics
Torpedo Glide Kits
The Mk-54 torpedo can be released from a height of 20,000 feet using a glide kit consisting of wings, control flaps, a flight control computer, battery and GPS for navigation.The kit enables the torpedo to glide for 10-15 kilometers, down to about 100 meters altitude. The kit is then jettisoned and the torpedo plunges into the water to seek out the target sub.Releasing the torpedo from a height allows the aircraft to continue with its surveillance and stay outside the range of any anti-aircraft missile equipped submarine.

AGM-84L Harpoon Block II Missiles
The aircraft will be equipped with Harpoon Block II anti-ship missile systems. India has signed a package worth $200 million (over Rs 900 crore) for the supply of 21 missile along with associated equipment, parts and logistical support under FMS. The Defense Security Cooperation Agency has notified the US Congress of the possible sale.

AN/APY-10
Raytheon will supply an international version of the AN/APY-10 radar for use on the P-8I. The radar is capable of long-range surface search and target tracking, periscope detection in high sea states, ship imaging and classification using Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR), and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for overland surveillance, ground mapping, and targeting.
High-resolution ISAR can be used to image and classify small, fast-moving vessels that operate close to the shore. SAR facilitates imaging stationary ships and boats as well as coastal and overland surveillance.
The new SAR mode in the AN/APY-10 provides multiple resolution strip map and spot SAR operation, and has high-resolution capability for target ID, battle damage assessment (BDA), and targeting.

 

[DrSomnath999]

NUMBER 6.AWACS
(I)PHALCON

In March 2004 India signed a $1.1 billion deal with Israel for the supply of three AWACS aircraft based on the IL-76MF airframe.The A-50EI systems being supplied to India are based on IL-76MF airframe built by Uzbekistan's Tashkent Aircraft Production Organization (TAPO). Russia's Beriev Taganrog Aviation Scientific and Engineering Complex (TANTK) is responsible for customizing the airframe, including fitting the radar radom. Israel's IAI is fitting the mission sensors and management suite.
Design and features

The EL/M-2075 is a solid-state L-band conformal array radar system for use on a Boeing 707 and other aircraft. Phalcon, as the complete AEW mission suite is referred to, is intended for airborne early warning, tactical surveillance of airborne and surface targets and intelligence gathering. It also integrates the command and control capabilities needed to employ this information. The system uses six panels of phased-array elements: two on each side of the fuselage, one in an enlarged nosecone and one under the tail. Each array consists of 768 liquid-cooled, solid-state transmitting and receiving elements, each of which is weighted in phase and amplitude. These elements are driven by individual modules and every eight modules are connected to a transmit/receive group. Groups of 16 of these eight module batches are linked back to what is described as a prereceive/transmit unit, and a central six-way control is used to switch the pre-transmit/receive units of the different arrays on a time division basis. As used in its Chilean Boeing 707-based application, the lateral fairings measured approximately 12 × 2 m and were mounted on floating beds to prevent airframe flexing degrading the radar accuracy. Each array scans a given azimuth sector, providing a total coverage of 360°. Scanning is carried out electronically in both azimuth and elevation. Radar modes include high PRF search and full track, track-while-scan, a slow scan detection mode for hovering and low-speed helicopters (using rotor blade returns) and a low PRF ship detection mode.

Instead of using a rotodome, a moving radar found on some AEW&C aircraft, the Phalcon uses the Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA), an active phased array radar. This radar consists of an array transmit/receive (T/R) modules that allow a beam to be electronically steered, making a physically rotating rotodome unnecessary. AESA radars operate on a pseudorandom set of frequencies and also have very short scanning rates, which makes them difficult to detect and jam. Up to 100 targets can be tracked simultaneously to a range of 200 nmi (370 km), while at the same time, over a dozen air-to-air interception or air-to-ground attack can be guided. The radar can be mounted on the an aircraft's fuselage or on the top inside a small dome. Either position gives the radar 360 degree coverage. The phased array radar allows positions of aircraft on operator screens to be updated every 2–4 seconds, rather than every 20–40 seconds as is the case on the rotodome AWACS.

Additional Sensors
In August 2010, Flight Magazine reported that India had sought modification to the third IL-76 to be delivered by Russia to Israel's Elta system for fitting the Phalcon radar system. The modification will allow additional systems to be fitted. The additional systems were unidentified.

The need for the additional systems was felt by the IAF after operating the two systems already delivered to India.

Elta's parent company, IAI, had no comment on the request, but it is believed that the additional systems may include sensors that would improve the "threat picture" even under adverse conditions, Flight reported.

(II) EMB-145 AEW&CS project

The Airborne Early Warning and Control System (AEWACS) is a project being undertaken by India's Defence Research & Development Organization to develop an AWACS for the Indian Air Force
The DRDO AEWACS program aims to deliver three radar equipped surveillance aircraft to the Indian Air Force. The aircraft platform will be the Embraer ERJ 145. Three ERJ 145 are to be procured at a cost of US $ 300 Million, for the project. The aim is to deploy these AEW & C aircraft by 2013.Apart from providing the Indian Air Force with a cheaper and hence, more flexible AEW & C platform as a backup to its more capable Phalcon class systems, the local AEW & C project aims to develop the ability to locally design and operationalize airborne surveillance platforms.

Capabilities

The AEWACS aircraft will have a locally developed AESA primary radar with IFF. The system will also have ESM (Electronic Support Measures), CSM (Communications Support Measures) ability. Datalinks to network the AEWACS with fighters, and ground based control systems will also be provided, as will be a SATCOM (Satellite Communication System). The aircraft will also have a comprehensive self defence suite. The entire avionics suite will be linked via a datahandling system, controlled by Mission computers.

Key features

The DRDO has released an overview of the AEWACS aircraft.
The Radar will have an extended range mode against fighter aircraft, and will consist of two back to back AESA arrays, with an additional dedicated IFF array.
The ESM system will be able to track sources with a directional accuracy of 2 deg. RMS and a frequency accuracy of 1 MHz.
The ESM system will have complete 360 degree coverage in azimuth and have a database of up to 3000 emitters against which threats will be scanned.
Communication Support Measure system will analyse and record intercepted communications both inflight and post flight.
Self Protection Suite will have a passive Missile Approach Warning System, a Radar Warning Receiver and countermeasures dispensers. The SPS will be integrated with the ESM & CSM suite.
The aircraft will have Inflight refuelling.
The aircraft will have SATCOM, and datalinks to pass on ESM, CSM and radar data to ground stations and datalinks to pass on target information to fighters. More than 40 other aircraft will be datalinked together by the AEW & C aircraft.

(III)ADVANCED HAWKEYE E-2D

The latest version of the E-2, the E-2D Advanced Hawkeye, is currently under development and the first two aircraft, "Delta One" and "Delta Two" are in flight testing. The E-2D features an entirely new avionics suite, including the new APY-9 radar, radio suite, mission computer, integrated satellite communications capability, flight management system, improved turboprop engines, a new "glass cockpit", and the added capability for air-to-air refueling. The APY-9 radar features an Active Electronically Scanned Array, which adds electronic scanning to the mechanical rotation of the radar in its radome. The E-2D will include provisions for either one of the pilots to act as a Tactical 4th Operator, who will have access to the full range of the mission's acquired data.

Shore Based Version Sought
The E-2D has a limited endurance and is designed to operate from aircraft carriers using a steam catapult, something Indian carriers are not equipped with. Both, the currently operational but aging INS Viraat, and the on-order INS Vikramaditya are fitted with ski jumps, not steam catapults, to assist take offs. The E-2D cannot be based on either of the two carriers.

The Indian Navy has asked for a shore based version of the E-2D with enhanced endurance. Lockheed has signed a MOU with HAL to replace E-2D's folding wings, required for carrier operations, with wet non folding wings that can carry additional fuel, allowing the aircraft to stay airborne for up to 8 hours without refueling.

The E-2D is equipped with the newly developed AN/APY-9 radar which has a good surface surveillance capability.

India currently relies on the ageing Soviet era Tu-142M to monitor its 7,500 km. (4,660 mi.). The use of E-2D will increase Indian Navy's surveillance capability by 300%. The limited range of aircraft, and the fact that it cannot be based on a carrier does not pose a serious constraint to the Indian Navy, which is not a blue water navy like the US, but a regional force.

NUMBER 5.NAVAL WARSHIPS
A.AIRCRAFT CARRIER
(i)INDIAN AIRCRAFT CARRIER (IAC) PROJECT 71 INS VIKRANT

India is constructing two 40,000 ton aircraft carriers. The ship will feature a complement of 1,600 personal and be capable of carrying a 30 aircraft comprising MiG-29K / LCA Trainer, ALH Dhruv and Ka-31.The aircraft carrier will feature a ski jump like the INS Vikramaditya, instead of a steam catapult, for assisted takeoffs.

Specifications
The ship has a length of 260 m and max breadth of 60 m. It will have a complement of 1600.
Powerplant
The ship will be propelled by two shafts, each coupled to two LM2500 Gas Turbines developing a total power of 80 MW, sufficient to attain speeds in excess of 28 knots.
Capabilities
The ship will have an endurance of 8,000 nautical miles.
The ship will have two takeoff runways and a landing strip with 3 arrester wires. It will be able to carry a maximum of 30 aircraft with adequate hangarage capacity. The carrier is designed with a very high degree of automation for machinery operation, ship navigation and survivability.

Weapons and Sensors

The carrier will field long-range surface-to-air missile (LR SAM) systems with a multi-function radar, a close-in weapon system, the most modern C/D band early air-warning radar and the V/UHF tactical air-navigational and direction finding systems.It will have jamming capabilities over the expected electromagnetic (EM) environment, along with carrier control approach radars to aid air operations. Integration of all weapon systems onboard will be through an indigenous combat management system (CMS).The ship’s integration with the Navy’s network-centric operations will provide for force multiplication.

Aircraft Complement
The Navy plans to equip IAC-1 with a mix of MiG-29K / LCA Naval Variant currently under development at ADA.However, in view of the slow progress of the LCA project, the service is actively looking at alternatives.It has ssued an RFI (request for information) to several global aviation majors, including American Boeing, French Dassault and Russian MiG companies, for ‘an alternate deck-based aircraft’ in November, 2009.

IAC-2 Redesign
The IAC-2 could undergo some design changes, Naval Chief Admiral Nirmal Verma indicated while speaking to the press ahead Navy Day on December 4, 2009. "We are re-looking at the design. It won't be a copy of what we have today."He said a concept study by the Directorate of Naval Design is currently underway 'for more capable carrier-borne aircraft' for the IAC-2.
The Navy is leaning towards a 50,000 tons carrier capable of launching heavier aircraft using a steam catapult, rather than the ski-jump on the Gorshkov / Vikramaditya.

(ii)INS VIKRAMADITYA / ADMIRAL GORSHKOV

Under a contract signed in January 2004, Russia's Rosoboronexport was to deliver the 44,570-tonne aircraft carrier, Admiral Gorshkov, to India in 2008. The $1.5 billion contract earmarked $964 billion for Gorshkov refurbishment and $536 million for the complement of 16 MiG-29K fighter aircraft on board.
The carrier has a 273m flight deck to carry up to 20 MiG-29 fighters and up to eight Kamov Ka-28/Ka-31 helicopters. Eventually, it would carry HAL Tejas trainer aircraft, Dhruv light helicopters, Kinzhal air defense missiles and Kashtan air defense gun or missile systems.

The ship will be operated in a STOBAR configuration, with a 14.3 degree ski-jump on the bow and three arrestor wires on the stern of the angled deck. This will allow the operation of MiG-29K and Sea Harrier aircraft. The maximum take off length for the MiG-29K on the Vikramaditya will be between 160--180 metres.

An added advantage of "Admiral Gorshkov' platform is its superstructure profile that has the potential to accommodate powerful planar or phased array radar systems with the "billboard style" antennae, which was first observed on the United States Navy's USS Long Beach, along with extensive command and control facilities to conduct an aerial campaign. The ship is also projected to be equipped with a robust combination of air defence weaponry, such as a SAM and/or a CIWS.

Displacement: 44,570 ton

Deck : 273m Ski jump
Aircraft complement :20 MiG-29 fighters and up to eight Kamov Ka-28/Ka-31 anti submarine helicopters


B. FRIGATES
(i)SHIVALIK CLASS FRIGATE (PROJECT 17)& PROJECT 17A CLASS FRIGATE

The Shivalik class frigates or Project 17 class frigates are multi-role frigates with stealth features being built for the Indian Navy. They are the first warships being built in India with such features

Stealth
INS Shivalik class ships feature reduced radar, infra red and sound signature making it difficult for an enemy to detect and attack them. They have inclined surfaces to reduce their radar cross-section and use low-noise propellers, propulsion devices and machinery with ‘‘vibration damping’’.

Weapons
Though much smaller than the Delhi class of destroyers, their weapons package is far more potent. These include the latest surface-to-surface vertical launched missiles, surface-to-air missiles and state of the art radar and communication They will be armed with the Klub anti-ship and BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles.

Barak-I can intercept incoming Harpoon and Exocet missiles, launched from platforms like P-3C Orion aircraft and Agosta-90B submarines which Pakistan has acquired from US and France.

Combat management system (CMS) of the ship enables her to deal with multiple threats simultaneously.


SPECIFICATIONS
Displacement (Max) :6,200 tons


Sensors: 1 x MR-760 Fregat M2EM 3-D radar
4 x MR-90 Orekh radar
1 x EL/M 2238 STAR
2 x EL/M 2221 STGR
1 x BEL APARNA HUMSA (Hull Mounted Sonar Array)
ATAS/Thales Sintra towed array systems

Armament:
1 x OTO Melara 76mm Super Rapid Gun Mount (SRGM) Main Gun
2 x AK-630 Rapid Fire guns
32 x Barak 1 VLS SAM
24 x 9M317 (SA-N-12) Shtil SAM
8 x VLS Klub or BrahMos Cruise missiles
90R missiles (ASW)
DTA-53-956 torpedoes
RBU-6000 (RPK-8)

Electronic Warfare: BEL Ajanta electronic warfare suite
Aircraft: Two Sea King / Dhruv helicopters for surveillance and anti-submarine operations.

Project 17A class frigate:

The Project 17A is the follow on the Project 17 (Shivalik class) frigates for the Indian Navy. A total of seven ships will be built. The ships will be built at Mazagon Dock Limited and at GRSE.

Design
The design of P-17 has led to creating a wealth of experience which will be applied to the P17A. The P17A frigates will be improve upon the P17 Shivalik class frigates in terms of stealth. It will have covered mooring deck and flush deck mounted (VLM) weapon systems. The number of antennae on the ship will be reduced by using a multifunctional radar. The P17A will also feature better options for roll stabilization. Build times will be cut down and productivity improved through the use of modular integrated construction.

(ii)PROJECT 11356 MISSILE FRIGATES/TALWAR CLASS

The Talwar class is a new class of frigates designed and built by Russia for the Indian Navy. The Talwar class guided missile frigates, also known as the Type 1135.6, are modified Krivak III class frigates from Russia. The Talwar Class has a displacement of 4,000 tons and speed of 30 knots and is capable of accomplishing a wide variety of missions, primarily, finding and eliminating enemy submarines and large surface ships.

Structure
The Severnoye Design Bureau developed the Project 1135.6 vessel using an earlier Project 1135.1 design, which dated back to the early 1980s. The ship's redesigned topside & hull has a considerably reduced radar cross-section. While the superstructure sides are sloped and relatively clean, the very cluttered topside of the ship cannot be remotely described as having any signature reducing features. These frigates will be the first Indian Navy warships to incorporate some stealth features. The ship's hull is characterised by outward flare and tumblehome, while the superstructure (which forms a continuous junction with the hull) has a large fixed tumblehome angle.

Weapons

The frigates are armed with a new 3M-54 Klub attack anti-ship system with a vertical missile launcher, as well as with a RBU-6000 depth charge launcher, Shtil-1 multi-channel medium-range surface-to-air missile system, a Kashtan anti-aircraft missile and artillery system and Puma-Universal artillery system. These ships are designed to carry and operate one heavy duty helicopter.

Primary armament
In the main strike role, an eight-cell 3S14E vertical missile launcher is fitted, which accommodates the 3M-54E Klub-N anti-ship missile developed by the Novator Design Bureau. The Agat Research and Production Enterprise has supplied the 3R14N-11356 shipborne fire-control system associated with the Klub-N.
The 3M-54E Klub is an 8.22 metres (27.0 ft) long missile using active radar guidance with a range of 220 kilometres (140 mi). It is a three-stage missile in which the terminal stage reaches supersonic velocity (Mach 2.9) when it is approximately 20 km (12 mi) from its target.
The ships of the class that are under construction will be fitted with the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile.

Air defence
The Shtil-1 SAM system with a 3S-90 missile launcher is fitted forward of the bridge and is armed with the 9M317 (SA-N-12, navalised SA-17) missile. 24 missiles are carried in a magazine located below deck. Guidance and target illumination for these missiles is provided by four MR-90 Orekh (NATO: Front Dome) radars, which are connected to a command and control post.
The SA-N-12 missile uses a combination of inertial guidance and semi-active radar homing to its maximum range of 45 km (28 mi). The 70 kg (150 lb) blast-fragmentation warhead is triggered by a radar proximity fuze. The missile's control system and warhead can be adjusted to a specific target following target recognition, which increases hit probability.
Eight Igla-1E (SA-16) portable air defence missiles are also carried.

General characteristics
Type: Guided Missile Frigate

Surface search radar: 3Ts-25E Garpun-B, MR-212/201-1, Nucleus-2 6000A
Air search radar: Fregat M2EM
Fire control: JSC 5P-10E Puma FCS, 3R14N-11356 FCS, MR-90 Orekh SAM FCS
Electronic warfare and decoys: TK-25E-5 EW suite, four KT-216 decoy launchers

Armament: Guns and missiles: 1 × 100mm (3.9 in) A-190E gun, two Kashtan CIWS systems, eight-cell VLS for 3M-54E Klub and BrahMos missiles, one 3S-90 launcher for 9M317 (SA-N-12) SAMs, eight Igla-1E (SA-16) SAMs
Anti-submarine: 1 x RBU-6000 rocket launcher, two twin 533mm torpedo tubes
Aircraft carried: 1 Ka-28, Ka-31 or Dhruv helicopter


C.DESTROYERS KOLKATA CLASS DESTROYER(PROJECT 15A STEALTH DESTROYERS) & PROJECT 15B

The Kolkata class of guided-missile destroyers of the Indian Navy were conceptualized under Project 15A, and include land-attack capability as well as some signature reduction features.
Aimed at adding improving the country's naval capabilities, India has launched the indigenous warship with enhanced stealth features and land-attack capabilities. Project 15 A, although conceived as a follow-on of the earlier Delhi class, has major advances in its weapons and sensors. Propelled by four Zarya reversible gas turbines from Ukraine, there was delay in construction due to default by Ukraine in delivering the propellers and shafts, the contract for which was later awarded to Russia.
Indian designed and built systems onboard include the HUMSA-NG (Hull Mounted Sonar Array – new generation) and the Nagin active towed array sonar. The vessels will also feature BrahMos cruise missiles and the Indo-Israeli Long Range Surface to Air Missile (LRSAM) which has a range of 70 km

Project 15B

In January 2011, the Cabinet Committee for Security gave approval for four more destroyers under Project 15B. Even though Type 15B retains the hull form of Kolkata class destroyers, there will be changes in the superstructure and will be far stealthier with better sound and infrared suppression systems. The Project 15B will be armed with the Nirbhay cruise missile of 1,000 km range, the hypersonic Brahmos-II cruise missile and Extended Range Surface to Air Missile (ER-SAM) with a range of 100 km. Project 15 B differs from Project 15 A because of the “flush deck.” Flush Deck enable stealth as its smooth with less angles and corners. The displacement of each Project 15 B will be 7000 tonnes. except weaponry, which will be imported, the ship will be totally indigenous. It is also expected to carry Nirbhay and Brahmos – II cruise missiles. In addition It may feature Barak -II for Air defence. As with most Indian design, the ship will operate two helicopters

 

[DrSomnath999]

NUMBER 4.AIR DEFENCE & ANTI BALLISTIC MISSILE SYSTEM
A.SAM :
(I)BARAK 2 MISSILES (MR-SAM and LR-SAM),

Capable of multiple simultaneous engagements in complex scenarios, it provides 360° defense, in all weather and day/night conditions, against a wide variety of airborne platforms and munitions from short and medium ranges.

Technical Specifications
The Braak-8 missile system features a vertically launched active radar seeker missile with flexible dual pulse smokeless solid fuel motor that provides high maneuver capability at target interception range throughout the missile's wide envelope.
The missile provides all-weather, day/night engagements in complex saturation scenarios. The interceptor is vertically launched from a mobile ground launcher.The missile's high agility is provided by a tungsten jet vane system for thrust vector control and a highly evolved electro-pneumatic control actuation system and a highly evolved electro-pneumatic control actuation system.The missile is believed to have a range of 70 / 80 km and a ceiling of 16 km.The missile launcher comprises an eight-round module, three or more of which could make up a typical system.The system is supported by the new EL/M-2258 Alpha Multi-Function Surveillance, Track & Guidance Radar (MF-STAR). The Active Electronic Steering Array (AESA) Radar System which includes single face rotating S-band Phased Array Antenna.It uses the same S-band transmit/receive modules as the four-face, static EL/M-2248 developed for the Barak 8 system, but is a single-face radar with both mechanical and electronic scanning in azimuth.It can deliver an accurate, high quality arena situation picture and discern low Radar Cross Section (RCS) targets even in the toughest environmental conditions (Heavy jamming and dense clutter) using pulse Doppler techniques, multiple beam forming and advanced high-PRF waveforms.According to Elta, MF-STAR is able initiate tracks against sea-skimming missiles at ranges in excess of 25 km, and out to more than 250 km for a high-flying combat aircraft. It provides mid-course guidance to the Barak-8 missile till its active homing takes over.The weapon system can engage 12 targets with 24 missiles.

(II)AKASH MARK 1 & MARK2

Akash (Sanskrit: ???? Akas "Sky") is India's medium range surface-to-air missile defense system developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Bharat Electronics Limited(BEL) as part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. The missile can target aircraft up to 30 km away, at altitudes up to 18,000 m. Akash can be fired from both tracked and wheeled platforms. Akash is said to be capable of both conventional and nuclear warheads, with a reported payload of 60 kg. A nuclear warhead could potentially give the missile the capability to destroy both aircraft and warheads from ballistic missiles. The missile battery is described as being able to track and attack several targets simultaneously.

An Akash battery comprises four 3D phased array radars and four launchers with three missiles each, all of which are interlinked. Each radar is able to track 16 targets simultaneously and control a launcher with 3 missiles. Hence it is reported to be able to detect 100 and track 64 targets and simultaneously attack any 8 of those targets at one time. The Akash system is comparable to the Patriot system, but unlike the Patriot, Akash is fully mobile and capable of protecting a moving convoy of vehicles. Like the Patriot, the Akash is really an air defence SAM which has been tested in a ballistic missile role. The system provides air defence missile coverage of 2,000 km².

Missile Characteristics
The 720kg, 5.78-metre long missile has a diameter of 35 cm and a length of 5.78 meters. With a top speed of Mach 2.5, the missile can engage targets as far as 25 km away flying at heights ranging from 20m to 18kms.The all weather missile features a digitally-coded command guidance system and has a 60kg warhead."The fully-automated Akash has an 88% kill probability within a specified kill zone... It has even intercepted a target with a 0.02 sq metre of radar cross-section (a fighter has a 2 sqm RCS)," a DRDO official told TOI in March 2011. According to DRDO, the missile is capable of engaging cruise missiles.
Akash is supported by multi-target and multi-function phased array fire control radar called 'Rajendra' that has a range of about 60 km.The Akash missile system is mobile, with the missile launcher, radar and command center all mounted on T-72 chassis.The mobile command centre selects up to four of the most threatening air targets, and two Akash missiles are fired at each from the T-72 based Akash launchers, which move alongside. The Rajendra radar continuously guides the missiles, eventually “flying” them smack into the enemy fighters.The Akash missile offers better maneuverability than typical surface-to-air missiles because it does not have a coast phase; it's boosted through out its flight envelope. According to DRDO, no other missile in the world offers this feature.

Akash Missile System: Configuration and Components

The Akash Missile System comprises a Group Control Center (GCC), an early warning Rohini 3D Central Acquisition Radar (CAR), and 2-4 Missile Batteries deployed around within 25km from the GCC.

Akash Mark-2
India wants to build a version of Akash for use on ships, and is already looking into a longer range (60 kilometers) version.

A 2010 year end GOI press release referred to a Mark-2 version of the missile
http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=68740

(III)MAITRI SR-SAM,

Point defense missile system
The Maitri missile project is a next-generation Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile (QRSAM) with a lethal hundred per cent kill probability. It is a short-range (15km,9.3mi) surface-to-air point defense missile system. It should not be confused with the similar Indian Army Low-Level Quick Reaction Missile system (LLQRM) requirement. The missile will fill the gap created by the Indian government's decision to wind up development of the Trishul point defense missile system. It is believed to be a blend of the French Mica and DRDO Trishul. Maitri will build on the work done by DRDO while developing the Trishul missile, using technology transfer from MBDA to fill the technological gaps that led to the failure of the Trishul project.
MBDA principal contribution will be in providing be the active homing-head, thrust vector control, terminal guidance system and composites for a modified propulsion system for the missile, while the software, command-and-control system, the launchers and system integration work would be carried out by the DRDL.
MBDA have agreed to transfer all “sensitive” technology such as the seeker and thrust vector control system to India allowing India to manufacture the Maitri missile locally as well as support them.[4]
Two variants of the missile are planned :
A ship-borne point and tactical air defense version for the Navy
A mobile wheeled and tracked system for use by the Air Force and Army
The Electronics & Radar Development Establishment (LRDE), Bangalore, would develop two indigenous radars for the Maitri project. These would be new-generation variants of Central Acquisition Radar (3D-CAR), with the ability to track 150 targets simultaneously at a distance of 200 kilometers. The naval variant would be called the Revati and the air force version would be called Rohini.
Development of the missile is expected to be completed within three years of the project go-ahead, when initial testing will commence. Over 1000 missiles are expected to be produced for the Indian Army, Air Force and Navy.

(IV)SPYDER MR-SAM

The SPYDER (Surface-to-air PYthon and DERby) is an anti-aircraft missile system developed by the Israeli company Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, which is fitted atop a Czech Tatra truck. It implements surface-to-air versions of the Python-5 and Derby missiles of the same company.

SPYDER is a quick reaction medium range missile system that can engage aircraft, helicopters, unmanned air vehicles, drones and precision-guided munitions. It provides air defence for fixed assets and for point and area mobile forces in combat areas.

The SPYDER-SR system has 360° engagement ability and missiles can be launched from the full-readiness state in less than five seconds after target confirmation. The kill range is up to 20 miles and at altitudes from a minimum of 50 ft to a maximum of 120,000 ft. The system can perform multi-target simultaneous engagement and single, multiple and ripple firing, by day and night, in all weathers.

The command and control unit is developed by Israel Aerospace Industries. It is housed in a truck-mounted shelter with a mounted Elta EL/M-2106 ATAR radar, identification friend or foe (IFF) interrogator and communication equipment. The VHF/UHF communication system is for internal squadron communication and to upper tier command. The Elta EL/M-2106 ATAR 3D surveillance radar can track up to 500 targets simultaneously. The radar has 360° operation and all-weather day and night ability. The radar includes advanced electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM) to operate in dense hostile electronic warfare environments.

FEATURES
Engages and destroys a wide spectrum of hostile targets
Maximum intercept range is over 35 km and an altitude of 16 km
Protects a large area
Quick response
Flexible deployment and operation
High lethality
Survivability
High reliability
Mobility
Simple and continuous operation
Interoperability with SPYDER-SR or other ADS


B.BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE (BMD) System & ANTI SATELLITE WEAPONS

The Indian Ballistic Missile Defense Program is an initiative to develop and deploy a multi-layered ballistic missile defense system to protect India from ballistic missile attacks.
Introduced in light of the ballistic missile threat from Pakistan, it is a double-tiered system consisting of two interceptor missiles, namely the Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) missile for high altitude interception, and the Advanced Air Defence (AAD) Missile for lower altitude interception. The two-tiered shield should be able to intercept any incoming missile launched 5,000 kilometers away

Phase 1 System Overview
The system will be based on radar technology for tracking and fire control which the DRDO developed jointly with Israel and France respectively.

It will be implemented as a two tiered terminal phase interceptor system comprising of

1. Prithvi Air Defense (PAD) exo-atmospheric interceptor missile for intercepting targets outside the atmosphere.
2. Advanced Air Defense (AAD) endo-atmospheric interceptor missile for intercepting targets up to an attitude of 30 kms .
3. 'Swordfish' Long Range Tracking Radar (LRTR). The Swordfish LRTR has been developed jointly by LRDE, Bengaluru and ELTA of Israel. It is based on the Israeli Green Pine early warning and fire control radar imported by India from Israel in 2001-2002.
4. Guidance radar that tracks the incoming missile in its terminal phase and guides the interceptor missile onto the target. The DRDO developed the guidance radar in collaboration with French company, Thales.

The integrated exo and endo-atmospheric systems offer a hit-to-kill probability of 99.8 per cent.

Phase 2 System
Phase 2 Interceptor Missiles
The Phase 2 missile defense system will be based on the AD-1 and AD-2 interceptor missile that are currently under development.
These interceptors would be capable of shooting down missiles that have ranges greater than 5,000 km, which follow a distinctly different trajectory than a missile with a range of 2,000 km or less. During their final phase, ICBMs hurtle towards their targets at speeds twice those of intermediate range missiles.The Phase 2 system will match the capability of the THAAD or Terminal High Altitude Area Defence missiles deployed by the United States as part of its missile shield beginning this year. THAAD missiles can intercept ballistic missiles over 200 km away and track targets at ranges in excess of 1,000 km.
Phase 2 Radar
Unlike the Phase 1 Swordfish radar developed by India in partnership with Israel, the radar to support Phase 2 interception will have 80% indigenous component, DRDO chief VK Saraswat told the press on May 15, 2011.

Boost Phase Missile Defense (GROUND BASED LASER BASED DEFENCE)
The Laser and Science Technology Centre (LASTEC) is also reported to be developing lasers to takeout enemy missiles during their boost phase, when they are most vulnerable."It's easier to kill a missile in boost phase as it has not gained much speed and is easier to target. It cannot deploy any countermeasures and it is vulnerable at that time," DRDO's Air Defense Program Director V K Saraswat told PTI in January 2009.
"In LASTEC, we are developing many of these technologies. We have to package these technologies on aircraft like the Americans have done on their systems," he added."It is an involved process and not just about producing lasers. We have to put in many systems like the surveillance and tracking systems together for such a system to work. It will take another 10-15 years before we talk of integrating all these elements," he said.A Boost Phase Missile defense system will need to rely on a space based launch detection system like the SBIRS satellite constellation being deployed by the US. Unlike the SBIRS, which is global in scope, India would require a more limited system to monitor Pakistan and China. India could also buy into the US SBIRS while developing its own limited constellation.

SATELLITE KILL VEHICLE(ANTI SATELLITE SYSTEMS)
[video] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YR7JS_0hbkg&feature=player_embedded [/video]
ISRO is developing a satellite kill vehicle as part of its BMD system, according to DRDO Defense Research and Development Organization Director General V.K. Saraswat.

The hit-to-kill vehicle will use an imaging infra-red seeker and a 3-D laser image of a target satellite in low earth orbit to guide itself to impact.

No tests of the system have been scheduled so far.

"We are working to ensure space security and protect our satellites. At the same time we are also working on how to deny the enemy access to our space assets," Saraswat told newsmen at the Science Congress on January 4.
http://geneva-globaldefence.blogspot.com/2011/04/india-to-develop-anti-satellite.html
http://www.spacenews.com/military/india-developing-anti-satellite-technology.html

 

[DrSomnath999]

NUMBER 3.BALLISTIC & CRUISE MISSILE

(I) IRBM
AGNI 5 '

The Indian Government sanctioned Rs2,500 crore to develop the Agni V missile, with a range of 5,000km in 2008. (The Agni V is also referred to as Agni III+). It will greatly expand India's reach to strike targets up to 6,000 km away. Agni-V will carry Multiple Independent Re-entry Vehicles (MIRV) allowing targeting of multiple assets by an single missile.

Propulsion
The Agni-V is a three stage solid fueled missile with composite motor casing in the third stage. In many aspects, the Agni-5 carries forward the Agni-3 pedigree. With composites used extensively to reduce weight, and a third stage added on (the Agni-3 was a two-stage missile), the Agni-5 can fly 1,500 km further than the 3,500-5,500 km range Agni-III. Two stages of this missile will be made of composite material. Advanced technologies like ring laser gyroscope and accelerometer will be used in the new missile. "You can reduce the payload and (further) increase the range of Agni-V" Saraswat told the Reuters in Feb 2010.

Mobility
"The Agni-5 is specially tailored for road-mobility," explains Avinash Chander, Director, ASL. "With the canister having been successfully developed, all India's future land-based strategic missiles will be canisterised as well".
The missile will utilize a canister and will be launched from it. Made of maraging steel, a canister must provide a hermitically sealed atmosphere that preserves the missile for years. During firing, the canister must absorb enormous stresses when a thrust of 300 to 400 tonnes is generated to eject the 50-tonne missile.

MIRVs
Agni-V will feature Multiple Independent Re-entry Vehicles (MIRVs) with each missile being capable of carrying 3-10 separate nuclear warheads. Each warhead can be assigned to a different target, separated by hundreds of kilometres; alternatively, two or more warheads can be assigned to one target. MIRVs ensure an credible second strike capability even with few missiles. Its MIRV warheads are capable of maneuvering and are being given electronic packages for jamming enemy radars.

At a Glance

Range 5,000 -6000km
Stages Three
Warhead Weight 1.5 ton
Warhead Type Single
MIRV warheads under development.
Total Weight 50 ton
Dimensions 17.2 m long, 2 m diameter

Agni-V SLBM

The Missile is also called K-V+ /XV. DRDO is working on a Submarine Launched Version of the Agni-V missile, which will provide India with a credible sea based second strike capability. The SLBM version is a miniaturized version of the Agni-V.

(II).TACTICAL BM
(i) PRAHAAR TACTICAL MISSILE

The Prahaar is a quick reaction battle field missile with a maximum range of 150 km that is comparable to Lockheed Martin's MGM-140 Army Tactical Missile System (ATacMS) Missile. The Prahaar missile fills the vital gap between Multi Barrel Rockets and Medium range Ballistic Missiles.

Characteristics

Prahaar is a single stage, solid propellant missile with a length of 7.3 meters and diameter of 420 mm. The missile can be launched within minutes in all weather.The missile weighs 1280 kg and has a 200 kg maneuvering warhead.The missile is equipped with inertial navigation, on board flight computer guidance and electro mechanical actuation systems. It has a CEP of less than 10m. The missile uses radar imaging for terminal homing.The Missile is launched from a Road Mobile System, which can carry six missiles at a time and can be fired in salvo mode in all directions covering the entire azimuth plane.The missile can fly different trajectories and strike targets and different ranges up to 150 km.
According to W. Selvamurthy, Chief Controller (Life Sciences), DRDO the missile "can image, take out multiple targets and can be moved to any place.”
According to Dr. Saraswat, “Prahaar is a unique missile because it has high manoeuvrability, very high acceleration and excellent impact accuracy. It will bridge the gap between the multi-barrel rocket system, Pinaka and the Prithvi missiles. Basically, it will be a battlefield support system for the Army.”


The missile can engage a target within minutes of the threat being first detected. It takes minutes to launch and reaches a target 150 kms away in about 4 mins (250 sec). The missile uses radar imaging for terminal homing making it suitable for use in all weather.The Prahaar system has the ability to take out multiple targets in a salvo fire with each of the six missile imaging and finding its own target. Such a system would be required to takeout a mobile Nasr system by individually targeting each of its components - launcher, control vehicle, generator vehicle, etc.

By deploying the 150 km Prahaar missile along with its armor units, India could ensure that no Nasr batteries came within striking distance of the armor formations during a cold start response.

India's recent description of the 350 km range Prithvi-2 as a strategic missile had indicated a desire to distance itself from tactical nuclear weapons, in order not to lower the nuclear threshold in the subcontinent. However, Pakistan's development of the Nasr, which was first tested on April 19, 2011, may have left India with no option but to continue developing tactical nuclear missiles.


(ii)SHAURYA

The Shaurya missile (Sanskrit: Valour) is a canister launched Hypersonic surface-to-surface tactical missile developed by the Indian Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) for use by the Indian Armed Forces. It has a range of between 750 to 1900 km and is capable of carrying a payload of one ton conventional or nuclear warhead. It gives the potential to strike in the short-intermediate range against any adversary. The Shaurya missile provides India with a significant second strike capability

Missile
Shaurya is a surface-to-surface tactical missile with a range of 750-km and a payload of about one ton for use by the Army and Navy. It can carry both conventional as well as nuclear warheads.The missile range is likely to be much longer with a lighter nuclear warhead.It has been designed as a canister stored and launched missile for use by the Army and for launch from submerged submarines.The missile's warhead can manoeuvre to evade enemy defenses.The solid propellant, two-staged missile is little over 10 meters in length and about half-a-meter in width.

Missile Characteristics
Shaurya is a two stage, solid fueled weapon with characteristics of both ballistic and cruise missiles. Unlike conventional cruise missile which cruise at extremely low altitudes and subsonic speeds using turbo fan engines, Shaura cruises at extremely high altitudes at hypersonic speeds using rocket power.Its first stage of the missile takes it to an altitude of 7km. The second stage take it further up to 40 kms. The missile then flips over and flies at constant altitude at seven times the speed of sound like a cruise missile.During the endgame, the missile guides itself to the target maneuvering with the help of fins to evade missile defenses and strike within 20-30m of its target 750 km away.The missile's flat trajectory, hypersonic speed and small cross-section mean make tracking and interception difficult.

Speaking to the press at DefExpo 2010, DRDO Chief VK Sarsawat said, "Like a ballistic missile, it is powered by solid fuel. And, like a cruise missile, it can guide itself right up to the target."

Mobility
'Shaurya' can be canisterized for mobility and launched from silos making its detection and targeting in an enemy first strike difficult. Once sealed in a canister, it can be taken to any place giving it great tactical and operational advantage. It can be deployed anywhere - in hilly terrain, desert etc. It is a relatively light, highly mobile, solid propellant fuelled missile. There is no preparation required.RDO will take up production of the missile as per the requirement of the services.

III.SUBSONIC CRUISE MISSILE .
NIRBHAY CRUISE MISSILE

Nirbhay (Fearless) is an intermediate-range (1000km) subsonic land-attack cruise missile that is being developed by Advanced Systems Laboratory (ASL) in Hyderabad since 2007.
Nirbhay (Sanskrit: Nirbhay "Dauntless/Fearless") is a long range, subsonic cruise missile being developed in India. The missile will have a range of 1,000 km and will arm three services, the Indian Army, Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force. The Nirbhay will be able to be launched from multiple platforms on land, sea and air. The missile is being developed by the Advanced Systems Laboratory, a division of DRDO and after finalizing the design, the technology required for the missile is being developed. The first test flight of the missile is expected in the year 2012. Nirbhay will be a terrain hugging, stealthy missile capable of delivering 24 different types of warheads depending on mission requirements and will use an inertial navigation system for guidance. Nirbhay will supplement Brahmos in the sense that it would enable delivery of warheads farther than the 300 km range of Brahmos

Specifications
Weight 1,000 kg
Length 6 m
Diameter 0.52 m
Operationalrange 1,000 km

Speed 0.7 mach
Guidance system INS

IV .SUPERSONIC CRUISE MISSILE BRAHMOS I

BrahMos is a supersonic cruise missile that can be launched from submarines, ships, aircraft or land. It is a joint venture between India's Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) and Russia's NPO Mashinostroeyenia who have together formed the BrahMos Aerospace Private Limited.

Proven Capabilities
1. Ability to strike targets at extremely short ranges of 25 kms.
2. Supersonic maneuvering.
3. Target discrimination in LACM mode.
3. Automatic target reassignment in carrier attack mode.

Technical Details
The 9.2 m long missile weighs about three tonnes. It can travel at speeds of up to 2.8 Mach or almost thrice the speed of sound. It has a range of 290 km (180 miles) and can carry a conventional warhead of up to 300 kg (660 lb).For target acquisition, the Brahmos uses an active/passive seeker which could be an improved variant of the one found in the Moskit cruise missile provided by Russia to China.A two-stage missile, its propulsion consists of a solid propellant booster and liquid propellant Ramjet system.Brahmos, incidentally, is the first and only supersonic cruise missile that uses liquid Ramjet technology.The missile is launched from a Transport-Launch Canister (TLC), which also acts as storage and transportation container.Primarily Brahmos is an anti-ship missile. It has the capability to engage land based targets also. The missile can be launched either in vertical or inclined position and will cover 360 degrees.

Block II LACM version
Block II LACM versions of missiles being supplied to the Indian Army feature an active seeker with an ability to discern a designated target from amidst multiple.The Block II missile comes with a "multi-spectral seeker" capable of better target discrimination than the current radar seeker

Block III
The Block III variant of Brahmos can strike targets while swooping down vertically. The missile is meant for rugged terrains, for example, when the target is hidden behind a mountain or mountain range.The Block III variant is also capable of flying as low as 10m above the ground.

Coordinated Carrier Attack Capability
The Brahmos missile is claimed to have an impressive salvo fire with intelligent coordinated attack capability for the Brahamos missile.The capability allows a missile salvo to intelligently takeout multiple ships from within a formation, such as a aircraft carrier group.Missiles fired in a salvo stagger their attack and automatically reassign themselves new targets if the primary target, say an aircraft carrier is destroyed.

V.HYPERSONIC CRUISE MISSILE
BRAHMOS II

BrahMos II is a stealth hypersonic cruise missile that has been lab tested with a speed of Mach 5.26 that will make it the fastest cruise missile in the world beating Brahmos 1. BrahMos II land variant design has been completed and 4 Land to Land test variants are ready to be tested. Rest of the variants will be tested in the successive years of 2012-13, design is projected to be completed by October 2011 and will arm the Project 15B destroyers of the Indian Navy
At a glance
Range 290 km
Speed` Mach 5-6

Development status Will be operational by 2019
Remarks Will use the same ground, sea and air based infrastructure as the Brahmos missile.
The missile will be smaller in dimension than Brahmos.
Development Progress
Preliminary work has begun on the development of missile capable of flying at a speed between 5 and 7 Mach using a scram jet engine.Speaking to the press in Chennai on January 30, 2011 Dr A Sivathanu Pillai, CEO & MD of Brahmos Aerospace said, "The basic technology is being developed. It will take around six years to come out with a missile."In September 2009, the two countries finalized the technical QRs for the missile and signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), Defense Ministry sources announced on October 9.It was agreed to limit the range of the missile to 290 km in order to conform to stipulations of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) of which Russia is a signatory. The regime forbids export of any missile with a range in excess of 300 km. It was also decided to keep the physical characteristics of the new missile identical to those of Brahmos to enable the use of the existing Brahmos ground, sea and air to launch infrastructure.Navy, Army and Air Force launchers developed for the Brahmos missile will be compatible with the Brahmos-2.

 

[DrSomnath999]

NUMBER 2. FUTURE AIRCRAFTS
A.FIGHTER AIRCRAFTS
(I)FIFTH GENERATION FIGHTER AIRCRAFT (FGFA) / PAK-FA

"Indian FGFA will be real challenge for American F-22" claims German Defense Expert Helmut Hirsch. He said that FGFA which will be based on T-50 / Pak-FA will have major design changes to its fuselage due to twin pilot configuration and Indian Expertise in Composite will only enchance Stealth characters of the Aircraft.

MR Hirsch believes that Russians have compromised on stealth to keep the aircraft more maneuverable and under a tight budget to keep per aircraft cost under control, Russians simply cannot afford to have such an expensive plane in large numbers, but the Indians don't seem to be worried about the cost and will be doing 30% of the design changes to improve stealth characters of the aircraft.

When asked if the Indian Version will be more stealthy ? MR Hirsch seems confident on that matter. MR Hirsch also believes that real challenge for F-22 will come from the Indian FGFA rather than F-35 or Chinese J-XX. MR Hirsch also adds that the Indians will add the best of technology (Avionics / Radars / Weapons) from the west in their version which makes it even more lethal than the F-35 and a real challenge for F-22's Superiority.
Defence News - Indian FGFA Will Be A Real Challenge For American F-22

Low Observable (LO) Features
The following LO features are evident in the first prototype:

1.Aerodynamic fuselage and wing shaping
2.Reduced area all moving fins canted to reduce radar reflections
3.Use of composite materials, advanced aerodynamic techniques and
4.Measures to reduce the aircraft’s engine signature,
5.Internal weapons bay. The aircraft features two weapons bay in the under fuselage area between the engines. In addition, it is beleived to have two smaller housings for short-range weapons on the inboard section of the wings.
6.Air intake ducts are not curved to shield engine compressors as in the Raptor; instead ducts are blocked using composite material. Similarly, the nozzles are blocked to shield turbine blades. The extent of shielding is variable. It is minimized when engine power requirements are high. The blocking concept is illustrated in the video below.



Engines
PAK FA already used a completely new engine 117 (AL-41F1) in its first flight, as stated by NPO Saturn.[ The engine is not based on the Saturn 117S
The 117 (AL-41F1) is a new 5th generation engine custom built for Russia’s fifth-generation stealth fighter jet PAK-FA according to Sukhoi General Director Mikhail Pogosyan.Mikhail Pogosyan has clarified that claims that fifth-generation fighter allegedly has an old engine are wrong. Such claims are made by people with limited knowledge,he said.Though most parameters of the new 5th Gen Engine remains classified General Director Mikhail Pogosyan provided some information on the new engine, The engine thrust was enlarged by 2.5 tonnes when compared with the AL-31 engine, while the engine weight was cut by 150 kilograms. That allowed the new jet to supercruise i.e. move at a supersonic cruise speed without the use of after burner.
The Saturn Research and Production center made digitally-controlled system (FADEC) of Project 117 Engine.The new engine produces 33,000 lbs (147 kN) of thrust in afterburner has a Dry weight of 1420 kilogram and T:W ratio of 10.5:1
Mikhail Pogosyan further mentioned that this engine (117) meets the client’s (Russian AirForce) requirements. This is not an intermediate product made particularly for test flights. The engine will be installed in production PAK-FA fighter which will be supplied to the Russian Air Force and prospective foreign clients he said. The engine generates a larger thrust and has a complex automation system, to facilitate flight modes such as maneuverability. It is expected that each engine will be able to independently vector its thrust upwards, downward or side to side. Vectoring one engine up with the other one down can produce a twisting force. Therefore the PAK FA would be the first fifth generation fighter with full 3-D thrust vectoring along all three aircraft axes: pitch, yaw and roll. These engines will incorporate infrared and RCS reduction measures.

Avionics

The PAK-FA will have two X-Band AESA radars located on the front and back of the aircraft. These will be accompanied by L-Band radars which are thought to be located on the wing LERX sides, or on the wing leading edges. L-Band radars are proven to have increased effectiveness against VLO targets which are optimized only against X-Band frequencies, despite being less accurate.

The PAK-FA will feature an IRST optical/IR search and tracking system.

Sukhoi recently demonstrated cockpit mock-ups, which may relate to both Su-35 or PAK-FA, suggest two very large MFDs and a very wide HUD.

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited will provide the navigation system and the mission computer.

Armament

* Guns: None on prototype. Apparent provision for a cannon (most likely GSh-301)
* Hardpoints: Two internal bays estimated at 4.6-4.7 metres by 1-1.1 metres. Other sources suggest two auxiliary internal bays for short range AAMS and 6 external hardpoints

Avionics

N050 BRLS AFAR / AESA built by Tikhomirov NIIP and based on Tikhomirov NIIP N035 Irbis-E . It will be the second aircraft based AESA Radar to be built by Russia, the first being the Phazotron NIIR ZHUK-A Radar in the MIG-35.

Designed armament

Two Izdeliye 810 Extended beyond visual range missiles per weapons bay. Multiple Izdeliye 180 / K77M beyond visual range missiles. K74 and K30 within visual range missiles can also be carried.
Two KH38M or KH58 USHK air-to-ground missiles per weapons bay. Multiple 250–500 kg precision guided bombs per weapons bay, with a maximum of ten bombs in internal bays
Other possible loads include one 1500 kg bomb per weapons bay or two 400 km+ range anti-AWACS weapons on external hard-points. A maximum weapons load of 7500 kg is reported.

(II) MMRCA
The Indian Air Force Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MMRCA) Competition, also known as the MRCA tender, is an ongoing competition to supply 126 multi-role combat aircraft to the Indian Air Force (IAF). The Defence Ministry has allocated 42,000 crore (US$9.37 billion) for the purchase of these aircraft, making it India's single largest defence deal. The MRCA tender was floated with the idea of filling the gap between its future Light Combat Aircraft and its in-service Su-30MKIs air superiority fighter.




DASSAULT RAFALE

The Dassault Rafale is a French twin-engined delta-wing agile multi-role fighter aircraft designed and built by Dassault Aviation. The Rafale was brought in as the replacement for the Mirage 2000-5 that was originally a competitor for the tender, after the production lines for the Mirage closed down, as well as the entry of much more advanced aircraft into the competition.
The Rafale has the advantage of being logistically and operationally similar to the Mirage 2000, which the IAF already operates and used with great success during the Kargil War (see Operation Safed Sagar). This would require fewer changes in the existing infrastructure of the IAF, which in turn will reduce cost. Moreover, being 100% French also provided Dassault a distinct edge over its competitors on the issue of technology transfer. Dassault claims that the Rafale has an advantage over many of the competitors because it is not subject to ITAR restrictions.
While not included in the MRCA requirement, the french fighter has more configurations of potential interest for the IAF: a carrier-based version (the Rafale M) and a capability for nuclear strategic strike. Both of these particular versions are in use in the French Armed Forces. At present however the Rafale M uses a catapult system (not present on the initial Vikrant) and the nuclear strike use is earmarked by others jets of the IAF.
The French government has cleared full technology transfer of the Rafale to India, including that of the RBE2-AA AESA radar which will be integrated into the Rafale by 2010 and also the transfer of software source codes, which will allow Indian scientists to re-programme a radar or any sensitive equipment if needed. Without the software source codes, the IAF would have to specify mission parameters to foreign manufacturers to enable configuration of their radar, seriously compromising security in the process.
Dassault has also offered to fit the GTX-35VS Kaveri engine into the Rafale, which if chosen, would greatly improve commonality with the HAL Tejas that will enter service into the IAF by 2010. Concerns have been raised about cost issues as well as potential sales to Pakistan, which has also expressed interest in the Rafale. However, no such jets have been sold to Pakistan. India and France have recently agreed to "go beyond a buyer-seller relationship".




EUROFIGHTER TYPHOON

The Eurofighter Typhoon is a twin-engine multi-role canard-delta strike fighter aircraft, designed and built by a consortium of European aerospace manufacturers through Eurofighter GmbH.
Eurofighter is offering the Tranche-3 Typhoon for the Indian requirement, equipped with the CAESAR AESA radar. EADS has invited India to become a partner of the Eurofighter Typhoon programme if the Typhoon wins the contract, and will be given technological and development participation in future tranches of the Typhoon.[28] Bernhard Gerwert, CEO of EADS Defense Department, elaborated that if India becomes the fifth partner of the Eurofighter programme, it will be able to manufacture assemblies for new Eurofighters.
In January 2010, EADS offered to include thrust vectoring nozzles (TVNs) with the Typhoon's EJ200 engines for India. Thrust vectoring will improve operational capabilities, and reduce fuel burn by up to 5% and increase thrust while supersonic cruising by 7%.

(III)AMCA

[/COLOR][/SIZE][/U][/B]
The Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA), formerly known as the Medium Combat Aircraft (MCA), is a single-seat, twin-engine fifth-generation stealth multirole fighter being developed by India.The aircraft will incorporate advanced technologies like super maneuverability, super cruise, stealth, state of the art sensor suite with fusion.

Design

The AMCA will be designed with a very small radar cross-section and will also feature serpentine shaped air-intakes, internal weapons and the use of composites and other materials.
It will be a twin-engined design using the GTX Kaveri engine with thrust vectoring with the possibility of giving the aircraft supercruise capabilities. A wind-tunnel testing model of the MCA airframe was seen at Aero-India 2009.
As well as advanced sensors the aircraft will be equipped with missiles like DRDO Astra and other advanced missiles, stand-off weapons and precision weapons. The aircraft will have the capability to deploy Precision Guided Munitions. The aircraft will feature Extended detection range and targeting range with the ability to release weapons at supersonic speeds. The aircraft's avionics suite will include AESA radar IRST and appropriate Electronic warfare systems and all aspect missile warning suite.
Serpentine air intakes (with minimum flow distortion and robust pressure recovery) and internal weapons bays, depicted in the images above, are some of the most critical nose-on low observability design elements going into the programme.

As part of the multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) currently on for the AMCA -- a wind tunnel model of which was first publicly displayed at AeroIndia 2009 -- that design-based stealth features will include further optimized airframe shaping, edge matching, body conforming antennae and a low IR signature through nozzle design, engine bay cooling and work on reduced exhaust temperature. RAMs, RAPs, special coatings for polycarbonate canopy and precision manufacturing will all be part of the effort to make the AMCA India's first stealth airplane.

Air-Air Combat Capabilities
Long Range Combat
Low Radar Signature
Extended detection range and targeting
Supercruise
Supersonic weapon release
Short Range Combat
Low IR signature
Thrust Vectoring
High AOA controllability
All aspect missile warning system

Air-Ground Capabilities
Stealth Missions
Suppression of Enemy Air Defense (SEAD)
Precision strike
Special missions
Non Stealth Missions
Maritime strike

Sensor Suite
AESA radar
IRST

Weapon Suite
BVR Missile
Close Combat Missile
JDAM
PGM

Survivability
Stealth
Electronic Warfare

Features
Shaping for Low Observability (LO)
Internal Weapons
Signature Control
Integrated Modular Avionics
Situational Awareness
Data Fusion
Future Missiles
Stand-Off Weapons
Precision Weapons
Vehicle Management
Advanced Sensor
Net Centric warfare
Appropriate EW

(IV) Su-30 MKI(super su 30)

The aircraft is tailor-made for Indian specifications and integrates Indian systems and avionics as well as French and Israeli subsystems. It has abilities similar to the Sukhoi Su-35 with which it shares many features and components.

Super 30 Variant
The 'Super' variant of the Su-30MKI will feature an AESA, be capable of carrying the Brahmos missile and feature a radar, onboard computer and EWS to launch the airborne version of the Brahmos, and later the strategic subsonic Nirbhay cruise missile with a range of 1,000 km.

Brahmos Missile
The air launched version of Brahmos weighs 2.5 tons and there is some doubt the Su-30 Super 30 will be able to land back with the missile safely. Aircrew may be instructed to drop the weapon before landing, if it is not launched in flight.

AESA Radar
India and Russia have reached an agreement for the eventual upgrade of the BARS N011M radar to AESA, but no contract has yet been signed.

An enlarged version of the Phazotron Zhuk-AE radar fitted on the MiG-35D prototype fielded for the MMRCA competition is likely to be fitted to the Super 30, but Irkut could also go for Tikhomirov’s NIIP AESA shown at MAKS-2011.

During MMRCA trials the Zhuk-MA AESA radar demonstrated significant capabilities, including ground-mapping modes and the ability to detect, track and shoot at aerial targets. During demonstration flights, a MiG-35D destroyed an aerial drone with an air-to-air missile launched by an Indian pilot
B.UCAV & KAMAKAZE DRONES
(I)AURA UCAV

DRDO is also developing the AURA (Autonomous Unmanned Research Aircraft) which is an Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle for the Indian Air Force. The design work on the UCAV is carried out by Aeronautical Development Agency (ADE). The AURA UCAV will be a tactical stealth aircraft built largely with composites, and capable of delivering laser-guided strike weapons. It would be a stealthy flying-wing concept aircraft with internal weapons and a turbofan engine.
India will soon embark on developing an indigenous unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) for surveillance, detection and destroying specific targets, a top defence official said on Wednesday. "We will soon embark on designing and developing an unmanned combat aerial vehicle, which will not only do surveillance, but will also help detect the target and destroy the identified object," V.K. Saraswat, scientific advisor to Defence Minister A.K. Antony, told reporters here.

An UCAV or 'combat drone' differs from ordinary UAVs as it is designed to deliver weapons. The pilotless vehicle can carry greater payloads and have wide range and manoeuvrability in the absence of a cockpit and associated equipment.The ambitious project will be taken up by the Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE) of the state-run Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in Bangalore with private industry participation. "The controls of a combat drone will be rested with multiple command control centres. The centres can be geographically at different locations. Even if one centre becomes defunct, the drone can be controlled and guided by other centres," Saraswat, who recently took over as director general of the DRDO, said on the margins of a conference."The UCAV will work in a multi-layer manner for which ADE is developing the required technology, including sensors," Saraswat said after inaugurating the fifth national conference on 'NextGen IT for Indian Defence'.

At a Glance

Stealth UCAV
Capable of releasing missiles, bombs and PGM at enemy targets
Internal Weapons Bay
Turbofan Engine
Ceiling: 30,000-ft
Weight: 15 ton

Development
The UCAV is currently referred to as IUSAP FOR Indian Unmanned Strike Aircraft Program.AURA will be developed by Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE) at Bangalore in collaboration with Defence Avionics Research Establishment (Bangalore), Defence Electronics Application Lab (Dehradun) and Gas Turbine Research Establishment (Bangalore).DRDO is confident of developing the UCAVs mainly on its own, with "some foreign consultancy or collaboration" in fields like stealth as well as autonomous short-run take-off and landing, according to Dr. Prahlada

Powerplant
In August 2011 a DRDO official told the press that the UCAV maybe powered by the indigenous 75kN thrust Kaveri engine.

(II)HAROP LOITERING MUNITION (LM) SYSTEM

Unlike the Harpy, the Harop is remotely piloted and comes equipped with electro-optical sensor. It is equipped with a high performance FLIR and color CCD with 360 degrees hemispherical coverage to search for an identify targets.

It can hover over a battlefield and allowing the operator to select non emitting static or moving targets in a battlefield and attack them with pinpoint accuracy.

It can attack radar transmitter that may have been shut down as protection.

Harop can also be used against suspected ballistic missile sites, where target missile silos and shelters as they are opened before firing.

Aerodynamically the Harop features outer wing extensions, a longer nose and canard foreplanes.

Like the Harpy, Harop is a suicide drone with 23-kg warhead. It is 2.5 meter long with a 3-meter wingspan and has a six-hour endurance.

Using the drone an operator can attack a target from any angle.

The operator monitors the attack until the target is hit, allowing for an abort anytime in order to avoid collateral damage. It can then make another attack run.

 

[DrSomnath999]

NUMBER 1.SUBMARINES
A.CONVENTIONAL SUB
(I)PROJECT 75 SCORPENE SUBMARINE

In 2005, India chose the Scorpène' design; purchasing six for US$ 3 billion (US$500m per boat). These submarines are to be manufactured under a technology transfer agreement by the state-owned Mazgoan Docks in Mumbai and delivered between 2010 and 2015.
Scorpène class submarines are a class of diesel-electric attack submarine jointly developed by the French DCN and the Spanish company Navantia and now by DCNS. It features diesel propulsion and an additional air-independent propulsion (AIP).

Capabilities
The 1750 ton displacement Scorpene is 67 meters long and equipped with six 21 inch torpedo tubes that can launch 12 torpedoes or anti-ship missiles.

Scorpene submarines incorporate acoustic discretion and combat system performance technologies developed for nuclear-powered classes operated by the French Navy. They feature a modular design and excellent endurance. They are claimed to be one of the few medium-displacement designs suitable for extended ocean patrol duties.

Armament
The Scorpenes made at MDL will be equipped with Exocet SM39 missiles capable of being launched from its torpedo tubes.A proposal to fit an additional section in the submarine for vertically launched Brahmos missiles was shelved with the Navy preferring an AIP unit instead.

Air Independent Propulsion
The Indian Navy has asked MDL to equip the fifth and sixth boats with Air Independent Propulsion, which will require the addition of new section. During his visit to India with French President Nicolas Sarkozy in December 2010, DCNS CEO Patrick Boissier said that if a contract were to be placed on DCNS by next year, AIP systems could be integrated into the fifth and the sixth submarines rolling out of MDL in 2018.The four Scorpenes launched earlier could be retrofitted under an upgrade program.The Navy is also looking at an indigenous AIP kit under development by DRDO.
http://www.hindustantimes.com/rssfe...corpene-subs-more-lethal/Article1-635221.aspx

(II)PROJECT 75I
India floated a request for information under the project in 2008 for acquisition of six AIP equipped submarines with high degree of stealth and land-attack capability.India will follow up its acquisition of six Scorpene submarines under Project 75 with an additional six AIP equipped subs under Project 75I (Project 75 India).The project is expected to be worth $10 billion.
Qualitative Requirements

"They will also have high degree of stealth, land-attack capability and ability to incorporate futuristic technologies. Like the Scorpenes, they will be built in an Indian shipyard, public or private, with special emphasis on full transfer of technology," said a source.

Brahmos Launch Capability
A key differentiator in the submarines acquired under Project 75A would be their ability to launch missiles from under water. The Brahmos is likely to be the Indian choice for the missile.

Vendors Under Consideration
Foreign vendors being considered for supplying the subs are Russia’s Rosoboronexport, France’s DCNS, Germany’s HDW and Spain's Navantia.
SCORPENE WITH MESMA
France's DCNS, hopes to be leading contender for the new order. It is already supplying six Scorpene submarines to India under a 2.4 billion eur contract signed in 2005. These subs, being assembled at Mazagaon docks, are to be commissioned in the Navy from 2013 through 2018.The 1750 ton displacement Scorpene is 67 meters long and equipped with 12 torpedoes and 6 anti-ship missiles.The MESMA module is fitted as an additional hull section with in Scorpene which then measures 76.10 meters long and displaces 2000 tons.

AMUR-1650

In November 2010 it was reported that Russia's Rosoboronexport will offer Amur-1650, its 4th generation diesel powered submarine against the Indian tender.

Amur-1650 Capabilities
Developed by Rubin Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering, Amur-1650 has acoustic field rate that is many times lower than that of Project 877/636 diesel subs.Project 877/636 Kilo class diesel subs reportedly have a noise level of 105 decibels. Seawolf class nuclear subs have a noise level of 95 decibels, the lowest for any submarine. The background noise of the ocean is 90 decibels.Armed with 6 torpedo tubes, the Amur-1650 can go to a depth of 300 meters. It is manned by a crew of 35 hand has an endurance of 45 days.According to the August 22, 2011 issue of Russia & India Report, the Rubin Design Bureau is creating a special version of Russia’s new Project 677 (?mur class) submarine to carry BrahMos anti-ship missiles as its main weapon system, in order to make the sub competitive for Project 75I.


B.NUCLEAR SUB
(I)INS CHAKRA (Akula 2 / Nerpa) nuclear submarine

Nerpa is the Project 971 third-generation submarine (NATO code name Akula-II), the most advanced Russian nuclear attack submarine. Construction of the 8,140-tonne Akula II class Nerpa nuclear attack submarine started in 1991 but was suspended for over a decade due to lack of funding.
Akula II class vessels are considered the quietest and deadliest of Russian nuclear-powered attack submarines. They feature a double-hull, with considerable distance between the outer and inner hulls to reduce the possible damage to the inner hull, and. a distinctive high aft fin.
Armament
Its armaments consist of four 650mm torpedo tubes, with 12 Type 65 torpedoes or SS-N-16 Stallion missiles, and four 533mm tubes, with 28 Type 53 torpedoes or the SS-N-15 Starfish missiles.
.
Torpedoes can also be replaced with submarine mines, rocket-assisted torpedoes, and a variety of other submersibles.

The Indian version is expected to be armed with the 300-km Club nuclear-capable missiles.

It is not known if India will receive Shkval rocket-assisted torpedoes.

The Akula II is able to dive deeper than any other modern SSN.

(II) INS ARIHANT - ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY VESSEL (ATV)

Terming the sea-based variant as "most survivable" and "least vulnerable" of the nuclear triad, the Navy Chief said the launch of the Arihant was a significant step towards achieving that capability.

India's nuclear doctrine calls for a minimum credible nuclear deterrent in form of a survivable triad, of land, sea and air based platforms that can deliver a second strike in case of nuclear attack by the enemy as it follows a 'no first strike' policy.
The SSBN will be commissioned into the Navy in two years after completion of sea trials.

At a glance

Displacement: 6,000 tons
Length: 112m
Beam: 10m
Powerplant: 83 MWe PWR
Crew: 95
Surface Speed: 12-15 kts
Submerged Speed: 24 kts
Armament: 12 K-15 Sagarika missile, Torpedos, Torpedo launched cruise missiles, four K-4 missiles

Weapon fit
The ATV will reportedly be equipped with 12 launch tubes of 2.4m diameter each. Initially, each missile tube will likely accommodate 3 0.74m diameter K-15 Sagarika missile. Later the tubes could accommodate the 2.0m diameter Agni IIISL (The submarine launched version of the Agni V / Agni 3+) missiles with MIRV capability.

Sagarika has a range of approximately 700 km (435 miles). It was last tested on February 26, 2008, off the coast of Visakhapatnam from a pontoon simulating the conditions of a submarine.
In addition to ballistic missiles, Arihant will eventually also have the capability to launch curise missiles through its torpedo tubes.

The Navy hopes to induct the first ATV by 2012.

III.F-INSAS

F-INSAS is India's program to equip the Infantry with state-of-the-art equipment. F-INSAS means Futuristic Infantry Soldier As a System
F-INSAS has been taken up to equip Indian infantry with advanced weaponry, communication network and instant access to information on the battlefield.This program is similar to the future soldier programs of other nations. F-INSAS includes a fully networked all-terrain, all-weather personal-equipment platform, enhanced firepower and mobility for the digitalised battlefield of the future.The weight carried by soldiers will need to be reduced by at least 50%.
The fully integrated Infantry of tomorrow will be equipped with mission-oriented equipment integrated with his buddy soldier team, the sub-unit, as also the overall C4I2 (Command, Control, Communications Computers, Information and Intelligence) system.

F-INSAS equipment

The intention is to equip the soldier to ensure a dramatic increase in their lethality, survivability and mobility while making the soldier "a self-contained fighting machine".
Helmet and Visor
The helmet is an integrated assembly equipped with helmet mounted flash light, thermal sensors & night vision device, video cameras and chemical and biological sensors. The visor is intended to be integrated and to act as a heads-up display monitor equivalent to two 17-inch computer monitors.
Clothing
The personal clothing of this soldier of the future would be lightweight with a bullet-proof jacket. The futuristic jacket would be waterproofed yet breathable. The new attire that will enable the troops carry the extra load and resist impact of chemical warfare.Uniform will also carry solar chargers for charging Palmtop and other electronic equipments attached it also contain external oxygen supply respirator providing protection against CS and CN gas and smoke. Flame retardant carbonized viscose undergarments. Fire proof knee and elbow pads. bullet-proof armoured waistcoat designed to stop a round and also absorb its kinetic energy. ceramic armour plates covering the front, back and groin. Armoured helmet able to stop a 9mm round at close range. The new uniform will have vests with sensors to monitor their health parameters and provide quick medical relief.
Weapons
The weapons sub-system is built around a multi caliber individual weapon system with the fourth caliber attached to a grenade launcher. These include a 5.56 mm, a 7.62 mm and a new 6.8 mm under-development for the first time in India. The UBGL (Under Barrel Grenade Launcher) will be capable of launching air bursting grenade. The sub-system includes a thermal weapon sight and laser range finder to provide the soldier with range and direction information. The Global Positioning System (GPS) location information, allows the soldier to call for indirect fire accurately. There are two types of next generation infantry rifle under development in cooperation with Israel.
Accessories
The soldier will be equipped with a Palmtop GPS navigation device to be able to communicate with other soldiers and locate or generate Map to find location, and will be aware of the battlefield. The palmtop will inform the soldier where other friendlies are in relation to them. It will also enable them to transfer messages. Also carry all terrain equipment gears for various specific mission.[6]
Thermal imagers, sensors and night vision equipment, currently deployed in weapon systems such as artillery and main battle tanks, will be customized to make them portable for soldiers to carry in the battle ground Defense Advanced GPS Receiver

PLEASE NOTE
this is a list of top 10 war detterent weapons of india ,plz dont confuse it with top 10 future weapons of india.This list has sorted according to it's significance it holds in future war .Many weapons i have unneccessary not included so that the thread doesnt becomes clumsy & lenghty,but still then if i by chance had missed out any weapon or u want to change the list then plz comment.
I hope u would appreciate my hard work.THANK YOU

FROM THE AUTHOR
This article is dedicated to all my great peoples of india & to all the armed forces of my country

JAI HIND

 

[DrSomnath999]

B]PLEASE NOTE[/B]
this is a list of top 10 war detterent weapons of india ,plz dont confuse it with top 10 future weapons of india.This list has sorted according to it's significance it holds in future war .Many weapons i have unneccessary not included so that the
thread doesnt becomes clumsy & lenghty,but still then if i by chance had missed out any weapon or u want to change the list then plz comment

 

[shuntmaster]

OMG.. Not again.
BTW.. Wrong pic of Arjun Mk-2.... Please research properly before posting

 

[Abingdonboy]

Good list (I somewhat question your ordering) but i's like to make one correction:

NUMBER 1 MOST DEADLY WEAPON OF INDIA:

The humble but fearsome Indian fighting men

 

[DrSomnath999]

OMG.. Not again.

excuse me i didnt get that

BTW.. Wrong pic of Arjun Mk-2.... Please research properly before posting

do u have the link of pic of Arjun Mk-2,then plz post it

 

[Bombay Dude]

Most Important Weapon of India:

Indian Soldiers!

 

[sudhir007]

For me No -1 is F-INSAS coze it need most and save our soldiers life

 

[DrSomnath999]

Good list (I somewhat question your ordering) but i's like to make one correction:

NUMBER 1 MOST DEADLY WEAPON OF INDIA:

The humble but fearsome Indian fighting men

MAY BE HIM

SUNNY DEOL

 

[shuntmaster]

excuse me i didnt get that

Every few weeks, threads similar to yours get created by the fanboys for some chest thumping.

do u have the link of pic of Arjun Mk-2,then plz post it

I do not have the link for the pic, because no authentic pic of Arjun Mk-2 exist since that version is still under development. The pic u posted is that of a Japanese tank.

 

[DrSomnath999]

Every few weeks, threads similar to yours get created by the fanboys for some chest thumping.

acha really!! we would see how many threads similar to me get created by the fanboys in every few weeks,
Listen lad stop playing guitar with me, i had created top 10 future weapons of not only of india but of every nation not for chest thumping but it is my interest for weapons.ok