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Top Super Computers in 2014 ( In India )
India’s supercomputing project started because India was denied Cray supercomputers as a result of a technology embargo. During 1987 high technology accord between then Prime Minister of India Rajiv Gandhi and US President Ronald Reagan, Gandhi was humiliated by the Americans. Instead of offering India the current Cray supercomputer, they offered an older version that too with many conditions imposed.Top Super Computers in 2014 ( In India )
India was warned that if it was used for purposes other than weather forecasting, the US will impose economic sanctions on India. Around this time India started a program to develop an indigenous supercomputer in collaboration with Russia. Supercomputers, during those times, were considered a double edged, capable of assisting in the development of nuclear weapons and other similar technologies.
For the purpose of achieving self sufficiency in the field of supercomputing India established C-DAC in 1988. C-DAC was headed by the Department of Electronics, Government of India. Vijay Bhatkar was hired as the Director of C-DAC. The project was given an initial run of 3 years and an initial funding of INR 30,00,00,000 as the same amount of money and time was usually expended to secure the purchase of a supercomputer from the United States.
C-DAC worked for 2 years on the project and in 1990, a prototype was produced and was benchmarked at the 1990 Zurich Supercomputering Show. It surpassed most other systems, placing second after US. The final result of the effort was the PARAM 8000, which was installed in 1991. It is considered India’s first supercomputer.
Vijay Pandurang Bhatkar one of India’s most acclaimed scientists, is best known as the architect of India’s first supercomputer—PARAM 8000. The PARAM series of supercomputers have been designed and assembled by the Pune-based Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), of which Bhatkar was the founder executive director.
He is also credited with the creation of several national institutions, including the Electronics Research and Development Centre (ER&DC) in Thiruvananthapuram, the ETH Research Laboratory in Pune, the International Institute of Information Technology (I2IT), also in Pune, and the India International Multiversity. With the help of this Pune-based varsity, Bhatkar aims to resurrect India’s ancient ‘Gurukul’ system of learning that originated in the Vedic times.
The Param Yuva, which is the predecessor version of the Yuva II, has a peak speed of 54 Teraflops.Param Yuva-II, which is claimed to be India’s fastest supercomputer, has been unveiled in Pune. The Param-Yuva-II is developed by Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC).
For a Current List Visit : http://topsupercomputers-india.iisc.ernet.in/jsps/june2013/index.html
Our normal computers have a single processor with multiple cores. Supercomputers are designed with a large number of processors.
Supercomputers, combined with artificial intelligence, are gradually emulating the human brain. Supercomputers are being used to understand the brain even, in some cases, by reverse engineering it. We can simulate the brain using supercomputers but the brain remains a mystery. Many functions of the brain will be mimicked by supercomputers but the brain will continue to remain a mystery for a long time to come.
What are supercomputers primarily used for in India :
Supercomputers are primarily used for weather forecasting, which requires a lot of computing power. They are also being used for oil exploration for companies like the Indian Oil Corp.Ltd.
Climate modelling to detect trends like global warming is another area. Supercomputers are also needed for space programmes, nuclear reaction simulations, bio-technology and gene sequencing and a whole range of scientific applications (highly calculation-intensive tasks such as problems involving quantum physics, weather forecasting, climate research, molecular modelling and physical simulations).
All these applications are connected by C-DAC on the national knowledge network (NKN) and use the grid computing model to fire the applications from anywhere while combining the computing power from these different groups. This has been taking place since 2005 when the grid was introduced.
INDIA's FASTEST SUPER COMPUTER ( 2014 )
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, has a machine with a theoretical peak of 790.7 teraflop/s, called Prithvi, which is used for climate research and operational forecasting. It is ranked 36th among the world's top 500 supercomputers June 2013 list
THE CDAC PARAM SERIES
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, has a machine with a theoretical peak of 790.7 teraflop/s, called Prithvi, which is used for climate research and operational forecasting. It is ranked 36th among the world's top 500 supercomputers June 2013 list
THE CDAC PARAM SERIES
1. PARAM 8000
Unveiled in 1991, PARAM 8000 used Inmos 8000 transputers. Transputers were a fairly new and innovative microprocessor architecture designed for parallel processing at the time. It was a distributed memory MIMD architecture with a reconfigurable interconnection network.It had 64 CPUs.
2. PARAM 8600
PARAM 8600 was an improvement over PARAM 8000. It was a 256 CPU computer. For every four Inmos 8000, it employed an Intel i860 coprocessor. The result was over 5 GFLOPS at peak for vector processing. Several of these models were exported.
3. PARAM 9900/SS
PARAM 9900/SS was designed to be a MPP system. It used the SuperSPARC II processor. The design was changed to be modular so that newer processors could be easily accommodated. Typically, it used 32-40 processors. But, it could be scaled up to 200 CPUs using the clos network topology. PARAM 9900/US was the UltraSPARC variant and PARAM 9900/AA was the DEC Alpha variant.
4. PARAM 10000 Supercomputer :
In 1998, the PARAM 10000 was unveiled. PARAM 10000 used several independent nodes, each based on the Sun Enterprise 250 server and each such server contained two 400Mhz UltraSPARC II processors. The base configuration had three compute nodes and a server node. The peak speed of this base system was 6.4 GFLOPS. A typical system would contain 160 CPUs and be capable of 100 GFLOPS But, it was easily scalable to the TFLOP range.
5. PARAM Padma :
PARAM Padma (Padma means Lotus in Sanskrit) was introduced in April 2003. It had a peak speed of 1024 GFLOPS (about 1 TFLOP) and a peak storage of 1 TB. It used 248 IBM Power4 CPUs of 1 GHz each. The operating system was IBM AIX 5.1L. It used PARAMnet II as its primary interconnect. It was the first Indian supercomputer to break the 1 TFLOP barrier.
6. PARAM Yuva
PARAM Yuva (Yuva means Youth in Sanskrit) was unveiled in November 2008. It has a maximum sustainable speed (Rmax) of 38.1 TFLOPS and a peak speed (Rpeak) of 54 TFLOPS. There are 4608 cores in it, based on Intel 73XX of 2.9 GHz each. It has a storage capacity of 25 TB up to 200 TB. It uses PARAMnet 3 as its primary interconnect.
7. Param Yuva II
Param Yuva II was made by Centre for Development of Advanced Computing in a period of three months, at a cost of INR 16 crore (US$3 million), and was unveiled on 8 February 2013. It performs at a peak of 524 teraflops and consumes 35% less energy as compared to Param Yuva. It delivers sustained performance of 360.8 teraflops on the community standard Linpack benchmark, and would have been ranked 62 in the November 2012 ranking list of Top500. In terms of power efficiency, it would have been ranked 33rd in the November 2012 List of Top Green 500 supercomputers of the world. It is the first Indian supercomputer achieving more than 500 teraflops.
Param Yuva II will be used for research in space, bioinformatics, weather forecasting, seismic data analysis, aeronautical engineering, scientific data processing and pharmaceutical development. Educational institutes like the Indian Institutes of Technology and National Institutes of Technology can be linked to the computer through the national knowledge network. This computer is a stepping stone towards building the future petaflop-range supercomputers in India.
PARAM supercomputers are used by both public and private operators for various purposes. As of 2008, 52 PARAMs have been deployed, of these 8 are located in Russia, Singapore, Germany and Canada. PARAMs have also been sold to Tanzania, Armenia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Ghana, Myanmar, Nepal, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam.
The Top 10 List of Indian Super Computers :
Notable Mentions :
SAGA-220 :
Recently unveiled supercomputer SAGA-220 built by ISRO, is capable of performing at 220,000 gigaflop/s (220 Terra Flops). It uses about 400 NVIDIA Tesla 2070 GPUs and 400 Intel Quad Core Xeon CPUs.[12]
EKA
EKA is a supercomputer built by the Computational Research Laboratories with technical assistance and hardware provided by Hewlett-Packard. It is capable of performing at 132800 gigaflop/s or 132 terraflop/s.
Virgo
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras has a 91.1 terraflop/s machine called Virgo. It is currently ranked as 364 in the Top500 list.
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very informative 
