I grew up hearing the word jugaad as commonly used in India and Pakistan to describe any unsophisticated, often dangerous, contraption built on the fly to solve a pressing problem to make do in the absence of a better, more elegant solution. Jugaad is how the mechanics in India and Pakistan manage to keep very old and outdated machines running with crudely made parts, long after the original manufacturers have discontinued making them. Now, a few Indian management gurus in the West have a found a way to sell jugaad as a sophisticated management technique to industry and academia.
Haq's Musings: Indians Selling Jugaad to the West
Haq's Musings: Social Entrepreneurs Target Pakistan and India
Haq's Musings: Indians Selling Jugaad to the West
Haq's Musings: Social Entrepreneurs Target Pakistan and India