President's Secretariat
31-October, 2017 14:10 IST
President of India pays floral tributes to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on his birth anniversary
The President of India, Shri Ram Nath Kovind, paid floral tributes to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on the occasion of his birth anniversary at Rashtrapati Bhavan today (October 31, 2017). The President, officers and staff paid floral tributes in front of a portrait of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in the Durbar Hall of Rashtrapati Bhavan.
Earlier, this morning, the President visited Sardar Patel Chowk in New Delhi to pay floral tributes at the statue of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. He also planted a sapling in the Mughal Gardens.
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The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind paying floral tributes to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on his birth anniversary, at Patel Chowk, in New Delhi on October 31, 2017. The Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu and the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh are also seen.
The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind paying floral tributes to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on his birth anniversary at Patel Chowk, in New Delhi on October 31, 2017. The Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu and the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh are also seen.
The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi paying floral tributes to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on his birth anniversary, at Patel Chowk, in New Delhi on October 31, 2017. The Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu and the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh are also seen.
The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi paying floral tributes to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on his birth anniversary at Patel Chowk, in New Delhi on October 31, 2017. The Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu and the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh are also seen.
The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi paying floral tributes to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on his birth anniversary at Patel Chowk, in New Delhi on October 31, 2017. The Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu is also seen.
The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind, the Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu, the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, the Lt. Governor of Delhi, Shri Anil Baijal and the Minister of State for Housing and Urban Affairs (I/C), Shri Hardeep Singh Puri paid floral tributes to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on his birth anniversary, at Patel Chowk, in New Delhi on October 31, 2017.
The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind, the Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu, the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi and the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh paid floral tributes to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on his birth anniversary, at Patel Chowk, in New Delhi on October 31, 2017.
Vice President's Secretariat
31-October, 2017 19:16 IST
No Indian should fall prey to the hideous design of vested interests and anti-India proponents: Vice President
Delivers first Sardar Patel Memorial Lecture
The Vice President of India, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu has said that no Indian should fall prey to the hideous design of vested interests and anti-India proponents in fomenting trouble and weakening the unity and integrity of the country. He was delivering the first Sardar Patel Memorial Lecture, here today. The former Governor of Karnataka, Shri T.N. Chaturvedi and other dignitaries were present on the occasion. The Vice President also administered the Rashtriya Ekta Diwas pledge on this occasion.
The Vice President said that by remembering this great man, remembering his words and achievements, we gain immense enthusiasm, inspiration and job-oriented self-confidence. He further said that the views of Sardar Patel are ideal for all of us and quoted Sardar Patel as saying, "in a tough time the cowards find excuses, the brave people find the way". Inspired by Mahatma ji, Sardar Patel’s ideals were nonviolence, skill, hard work, ability and efficiency, he added.
The Vice President said that great qualities of Patel - loyalty to the leader, love for the motherland, unshakeable commitment to nationalism and complete steadfastness in completing the integration of diverse princely States with the Union of India without bothering about post or position. His was a monumental contribution in shaping the destiny of modern India and the country will remain ever grateful to him for ensuring its unity and integrity, he added.
The Vice President said that India’s progress in various fields and its march as one of the major economies should not be allowed to be obstructed by anybody and every Indian should strive to uphold and strengthen country’s unity and integrity.
Following is the text of Vice President’s Lecture:
“आज हम भारत के लौह पुरुष, आज़ाद भारत के प्रथम उपप्रधान मंत्री और गृह मंत्री सरदार वल्लभ भाई पटेल की जयंती मना रहे हैं। यह एक महोत्सव है। इस महान पुरुष को याद करने से, उनके वचन और उपलब्धियों का स्मरण करके हमे अमित उत्साह, प्रेरणा और कार्योन्मुख आत्मविश्वास मिल जाते हैं।
इस प्रेरण स्रोत को नमन करने से उनके जीवन के किस्सों का मनन करने से हमारे जनमानस में एकता, एकाग्रता, सतर्कता, भारतीयता की भावनायें उभर आती हैं।
सरदार पटेल जी के विचार हम सब के लिए आदर्शपूर्ण हैं। उन्होंने कहा था कि “कठिन समय में कायर बहाना ढूंढते हैं, बहादुर व्यक्ति रास्ता खोजते हैं।” सरदार पटेल की बहादुरी हमें खेडा संघर्ष में, बारड़ोली के सशक्त सत्याग्रह में, देसी रियासतों को भारत सरकार में मिलाने में देख सकते हैं। प्रमुख कवि हरिवशंराय बच्चन जी ने 1950 में उनके बारे में लिखा था
कठोर नग्न सत्य बोलता।
पटेल हिंद की नीडर जबान है।
कवि उमाशंकर जोशी ने भी कहा था “His words are actions.” निर्भयता ही उनका कवच था। महात्मा जी से प्रेरित सेनानी सरदार का आदर्श थे, अहिंसा, कुशलता, कर्मठता, क्षमता और दक्षता।
उनका प्रत्येक कार्य इन मूल्यों के प्रतिबिंब थे। कठिन से कठिन कार्य को उन्होंने बड़ी कुशलता से संपन्न करके दक्षता का परिचय दिया था। हाथ में हथौडा, हृदय में विश्वास , मन में अटूट संकल्प और वचन में मर्यादा को हम स्पष्ट रूप से देख सकते हैं। वे कहते थे - बोलने में मर्यादा मत छोडना, गालियाँ देना तो कायरों का काम है। उनके अनमोल वाक्य आज के देशवासियों के सामने अनुसरणीय आदर्श हैं।
सरदार पटेल जी का महान व्यक्तित्व, आदर्शपूर्ण कृतित्व, उन्नत विचारधारा हमारे देश की अमूल्य, अतुलित धरोहर है। इस धरोहर के आधार पर हमें नए भारत को निर्मित करना है। इन आधारभूत मूल्यों की नींव पर एकात्म, समरस, सक्षम, सशक्त, समृद्व भारत का निर्माण करना है।
As we gather here to pay tributes to the Iron Man of India, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel, we must all be grateful to his vision, determination, deftness and pragmatism in preventing the balkanization of the country and achieving the herculean task of politically integrating more than 560 princely States with the Union of India.
He was a true nationalist, who placed the interests of the country above everything else. Nothing else except the country mattered most to him. It would be apt to describe him as the unifier of India and what was achieved by him during the turbulent days of partition remains unparalleled in modern history.
He coaxed and persuaded rulers of princely States to merge with Indian Union and acted decisively by using force where it was required as in the case of Hyderabad when the Nizam not only nurtured ambitions to remain independent but also toyed with the idea of joining Pakistan. Codenamed ‘Operation Polo’, the swift action to liberate and integrate Hyderabad State with the rest of India took just four days and concluded on September 17, 1948.
He was a towering personality with a heart of gold and remained unwavering in his loyalty to his mentor and the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi, although the latter preferred Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru to Patel to be the Congress President in 1946 and paved the way for him to become the country’s first Prime Minister.
Without any ill-will, Patel withdrew his nomination from the race for the president’s post in favour of Pandit Nehru on the advice of Gandhiji. The following statement exemplifies the greatness of Sardar Patel and his national fervor. “We both have been lifelong comrades in a common cause. The paramount interests of our country and our mutual love and regard, transcending such differences of outlook and temperaments as existed, have held us together.”
I am mentioning that only to highlight the great qualities of Patel—loyalty to the leader, love for the motherland, unshakeable commitment to nationalism and complete steadfastness in completing the integration of diverse princely States with the Union of India without bothering about post or position.
He was a man of principles and character. His was a monumental contribution in shaping the destiny of modern India and the country will remain ever grateful to him for ensuring its unity and integrity.
Here, I would like to recall what Maulana Azad had stated on Patel: “He made his choice out of the two courses that come before a man, namely would he live for his country or for himself. Sardar chose his country”.
Praising the monumental contribution of Sardar Patel in unifying India, Pandit Nehru said: “History will record it in many pages and call him the builder and consolidator of the new India”.
Gandhiji and Sardar Patel shared a unique relationship and at times differed on certain issues. In fact, Gandhiji lauded him for remaining firm on his convictions and said “All honour to Sardar for holding fast to his convictions”.
In his address at the Benaras Hindu University following Gandhiji’s assassination, Patel said: “I claim to be nothing more than an obedient soldier of him like the millions who obeyed his call. There was a time when everyone used to call me his blind follower. But, both he and I knew that I followed him because our convictions tallied”.
There are many interesting facets to Sardar’s life - he was a successful lawyer, a people’s leader, most dependable organizational man, an administrator par excellence, humane, compassionate and of course a nationalist above all.
It is unfortunate that even 70 years after attaining Independence, various fissiparous tendencies are raising their ugly heads and attempts are being made to threaten the unity and integrity of the country.
No Indian should fall prey to the hideous design of vested interests and anti-India proponents in fomenting trouble and weakening the unity and integrity of the country. India’s progress in various fields and its march as one of the major economies should not be allowed to be obstructed by anybody and every Indian should strive to uphold and strengthen country’s unity and integrity.
JAI HIND!”
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Vice President's Secretariat
31-October, 2017 14:06 IST
Invaluable contribution of Sardar Patel in building a modern and unified India needs to be remembered by every Indian: Vice President
Inaugurates National Conference on ‘Making of a Gandhian Nationalist-A Study of the Life and Times of Sardar Patel’
The Vice President of India, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu has said that the invaluable contribution of Sardar Patel in building a modern and unified India needs to be remembered by every Indian as the country marches ahead as one of the largest economies in the world. He was addressing the two-day National Conference on ‘Making of a Gandhian Nationalist-A Study of the Life and Times of Sardar Patel’, here today. The Minister of State for Culture (I/C) and Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Dr. Mahesh Sharma and other dignitaries were present on the occasion.
The Vice President said that Sardar Patel was a selfless leader, who placed the country’s interests above everything else and shaped India’s destiny with single-minded devotion. He further said that in a truly masterful display of statesmanship, Sardar Patel ensured a smooth integration of the troubled domains by not allowing the situation to deteriorate into civil unrest. There was neither bloodshed nor any kind of rebellion as he went about the task of building a strong India with a missionary zeal, he added.
The Vice President said that acknowledging the monumental contribution of Patel in nation building, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru had said, ‘History will call him the builder and consolidator of new India’. He further quoted Mahatma Gandhi as saying, 'Many were prepared to follow me, but I could not make up my mind as to who should be my deputy commander. Then I thought of Vallabhbhai'. Sardar Patel was not only an organizer par excellence but also turned out to be a people’s leader, he added.
Following is the text of Vice President’s address:
“I am extremely pleased to address this National Conference on ‘Making of Gandhian Nationalist: Life & Times of Sardar Patel”.
Sardar Patel, the architect and unifier of modern India, was not only a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi but also his ardent follower. Patel was a selfless leader, who placed the country’s interests above everything else and shaped India’s destiny with single-minded devotion.
He fashioned the country’s political integration with the swiftness of a military commander and deftness of a visionary leader.
Displaying the vision of a statesman, tact, diplomacy and pragmatic approach, he prevented the balkanization of the country and ensured the merger of more than 560 princely States with the Union of India at a critical and most turbulent period in the history of the country. What makes this stupendous integration most remarkable is that it was achieved without any bloodshed.
It indeed was a herculean task to bring the rulers of different princely States on board. Adopting different approaches as warranted by the situation, he gave friendly advice in some cases, persuaded the rulers to see reason in others and even used force as in the case of Hyderabad. What is most remarkable is the fact that Sardar Patel achieved a unified India when the rulers of the princely States were given the option of joining either India or Pakistan or remaining independent.
After securing the accession of Junagarh, he ensured the liberation and integration of Hyderabad State with rest of India in a deft and swift action codenamed ‘Operation Polo’. The police action ended in just four days on September 18, 1948. Every year, September 17 is being celebrated as ‘Hyderabad Liberation Day’ in Telangana and parts Maharashtra and Karnataka.
In a truly masterful display of statesmanship, Sardar Patel ensured a smooth integration of the troubled domains by not allowing the situation to deteriorate into civil unrest. There was neither bloodshed nor any kind of rebellion as he went about the task of building a strong India with a missionary zeal.
Undoubtedly, there is no parallel in modern history to what was achieved by him. Acknowledging the monumental contribution of Patel in nation building, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru had this to say: ‘History will call him the builder and consolidator of new India’.
After he came under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi, he became his lieutenant and was chosen to lead Kheda satyagraha. He switched over to Indian attire and later embraced khadi. His biggest asset was his down-to-earth disposition.
'Many were prepared to follow me, but I could not make up my mind as to who should be my deputy commander. Then I thought of Vallabhbhai' said Gandhiji. Sardar Patel was not only an organizer par excellence but also turned out to be a people’s leader. He earned the title of ‘Sardar’ after he spearheaded peasant’s no-tax campaign at Bardoli in Gujarat.
He also led the relief and rehabilitation operations from the front when Gujarat was ravaged by floods and worked tirelessly during plague outbreak in Ahmedabad.
While he became immensely popular and had earned the title of Sardar after Bardoli campaign, Patel played a major role Salt Satyagraha and was imprisoned with other leaders. During Quit India Movement also, he went around the country giving stirring speeches and was again jailed.
Although, Sardar Patel differed with Gandhiji on certain issues, he always remained loyal to him. Following Gandhiji’s assassination, he said: “I claim to be nothing more than an obedient soldier of him like the millions who obeyed his call. There was a time when everyone used to call me his blind follower. But, both he and I knew that I followed him because our convictions tallied”.
His vision for a unified India also saw the creation of All India Administrative Services which he described as the ‘Steel Frame’. His exhortation to the probationers to maintain utmost impartiality and incorruptibility of administration is as relevant today as it was then.
“We have to shed mutual bickering, shed the difference of being high or low, develop a sense of equality and banish untouchability. We have to restore the conditions of Swaraj prevalent prior to British rule. We have to live like children of the same father, these words of Sardar Patel during the Quit India Movement continue to inspire us.
Following his death, ‘The Manchester Guardian’ wrote: “Patel was not only the organiser of the fight for freedom but also the architect of the new State when the fight was over. The same man is seldom successful as a rebel and a statesman. Sardar Patel was the exception”.
It is unfortunate that there has been no proper recognition of the monumental contribution made by Sardar Patel and his legacy in unifying the country at its most critical juncture in the history.
Finally, I would like to conclude by stressing that the invaluable contribution of Sardar Patel in building a modern and unified India needs to be remembered by every Indian as the country marches ahead as one of the largest economies in the world.
Thank you. Jai Hind!
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Prime Minister's Office
31-October, 2017 10:15 IST
President, Vice President, PM offers floral tributes to Sardar Patel on his birth anniversary; PM flags off "Run For Unity"
The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind, the Vice President, Shri Venkaiah Naidu, and the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, today offered floral tributes at the statue of Sardar Patel, at Patel Chowk in New Delhi, on the occasion of the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
The Prime Minister later flagged off the "Run For Unity" from Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium.
Speaking on the occasion, the Prime Minister recalled the contributions of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, especially in uniting the nation.
The Prime Minister asserted that the youth of India respects Sardar Patel, and his contribution towards the building of our nation.
The Prime Minister said India is proud of its diversity, and occasions such as "Run For Unity" offer us an opportunity to reinforce that sense of pride and oneness.
Shri Narendra Modi also recalled former Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi, whose death anniversary is being observed today.
The Prime Minister administered a pledge to the participants.
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Prime Minister's Office
31-October, 2017 07:13 IST
PM salutes Sardar Patel on his Jayanti
The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi has saluted Sardar Patel on his Jayanti.
"We salute Sardar Patel on his Jayanti. His momentous service and monumental contribution to India can never be forgotten", the Prime Minister said.
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Ministry of Agriculture
31-October, 2017 15:11 IST
Shri Radha Mohan Singh administers the Rashtriya Ekta Diwas pledge on the occasion of 142nd Birth Anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
On the occasion of 142nd Birth Anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Union Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Minister, Shri Radha Mohan Singh participated in the Rashtriya Ekta Diwas event, organized in New Delhi, today.
Shri Radha Mohan Singh said Rashtriya Ekta Diwas was introduced and inaugurated by the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi in the year 2014. The idea is to pay tribute to Vallabhbhai Patel, who was instrumental in building India into a united nation by integrating 550 independent princely states. Therefore, we celebrate Ekta Diwas on 31st October every year to commemorate the birth anniversary of the Iron Man of India, Shri Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
Shri Singh said that apart from being a world leader, Sardar Patel was the father of India’s political integration. He led the merger of several small States into the Indian Union. The several States under his guidance and persuasion came together to form a bigger entity and then merged into the Indian Union. Regionalism gave way to nationalism, as he asked people to think big and be strong.
It is the result of the efforts made by Sardar Patel for the integration of India soon after independence that today every part of the country is celebrating.
Agriculture Minister said that Rashtriya Ekta Diwas is an opportunity to reaffirm the inherent strength and resilience of our nation to withstand the potential threats to the unity, integrity, and security of our country. This year, Rashtriya Ekta Diwas is being celebrated in a bigger way. The day is marked by oath-taking ceremonies to uphold the nation’s unity, Run for Unity, Poster and Quiz competitions and exhibitions to highlight Sardar Patel’s role at the critical juncture in Indian history.
Shri Singh too administered oath-taking ceremony to maintain the unity, integrity, and security of the nation at a function organized in Krishi Bhawan.
Shri Radha Mohan Singh said that the occasion is pious, as the nation not only shows its gratitude to a formidable personality of Indian freedom struggle but also educates and informs the new generation about him.
Shri Singh said that last year, at the Run for Unity event, the Prime Minister had said, “One can see the tricolor from Kashmir to Kanyakumari; from the Himalayas to the ocean. We see the tricolor across the length and breadth of the nation, and the credit for this goes to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.”
Agriculture Minister said, on this occasion, let us make a pledge to once again dedicate ourselves to preserve the unity and integrity of the nation and make collective efforts to make our country stronger and vibrant.
AK
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Ministry of Culture
31-October, 2017 14:11 IST
Sardar Patel was Committed to Unity of Our Country-Vice President
Vice President Inaugurates 2-Day National Conference “Making of a Gandhian Nationalist: Life and Times of Sardar Patel”
On the occasion of 142nd Birth Anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the Vice President of India Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu inaugurated a 2-day National Conference “Making of a Gandhian Nationalist: Life and Times of Sardar Patel” and an Exhibition on the Sardar Patel in Teen Murti Bhawan, New Delhi today. Minister of State (I/C) for Culture Dr. Mahesh Sharma was the Guest of Honour. The National Conference and Exhibition has been organised by Nehru Memorial Museum and Library under Ministry of Culture.
Addressing on the occasion, the Vice President said that he has always seen Sardar Patel as an ideal person in his life. He congratulated Nehru Memorial Museum and Library for organizing such a valuable exhibition on Sardar Patel. Sardar Patel was an ardent follower of Mahatma Gandhi and the service to nation was his first priority. Sardar Patel prevented the division of our country after independence and unified 562 princely States. There was no rebellion and no blood shed during the unification of princely States. He always believed that agriculture needs to be strengthened for overall development. Sardar Patel’s vision for unification of India led to the creation of an All India Administrative Service. Sardar Patel’s life is an inspiration for all, especially for young generation. He was committed to the Unity of our country.
In his address, Dr. Mahesh Sharma said that Sardar Patel, popularly known as Lauh Purush, is a source of inspiration for all countrymen who unified 562 princely States in to India. He said that our Prime Minister’s vision of “Ek Bharat, Shreshtha Bharat” is based on the unification of our country. Sardar Patel inherited the nationalism from his father who was a freedom fighter. The Minister called upon people to visit the Exhibition on the Life of Sardar Patel going on in National Science Museum, Mathura Road, New Delhi to know many aspects of his life.
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The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi being welcomed by the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, on his arrival, to flag off ‘Run for Unity’, at Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium, in New Delhi on October 31, 2017.
The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi being welcomed by the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh and the Lt. Governor of Delhi, Shri Anil Baijal, on his arrival, to flag off ‘Run for Unity’, at Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium, in New Delhi on October 31, 2017.
The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi being welcomed by the Minister of State for Youth Affairs and Sports (I/C) and Information & Broadcasting, Col. Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore, on his arrival, to flag off ‘Run for Unity’, at Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium, in New Delhi on October 31, 2017.
The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi being welcomed by the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, the Lt. Governor of Delhi, Shri Anil Baijal, the Minister of State for Youth Affairs and Sports (I/C) and Information & Broadcasting, Col. Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore and other dignitaries, on his arrival, to flag off ‘Run for Unity’, at Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium, in New Delhi on October 31, 2017.
The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi addresses the gathering on the Rashtriya Ekta Diwas, at Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium, in New Delhi on October 31, 2017.
The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi addresses the gathering on the Rashtriya Ekta Diwas, at Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium, in New Delhi on October 31, 2017.
The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi flagging off the Run For Unity, on the Rashtriya Ekta Diwas, at Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium, in New Delhi on October 31, 2017. The Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, the Minister of State for Youth Affairs and Sports (I/C) and Information & Broadcasting, Col. Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore and other dignitaries are also seen.
The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi flagging off the Run For Unity, on the Rashtriya Ekta Diwas, at Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium, in New Delhi on October 31, 2017. The Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, the Minister of State for Youth Affairs and Sports (I/C) and Information & Broadcasting, Col. Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore and other dignitaries are also seen.
The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi administering the Pledge for Unity on the Rashtriya Ekta Diwas, at Run For Unity event, at Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium, in New Delhi on October 31, 2017. The Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, the Minister of State for Youth Affairs and Sports (I/C) and Information & Broadcasting, Col. Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore and the Minister of State for Housing and Urban Affairs (I/C), Shri Hardeep Singh Puri are also seen.
The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi administering the Pledge for Unity on the Rashtriya Ekta Diwas, at Run For Unity event, at Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium, in New Delhi on October 31, 2017.
