Pakistan Employs China's Beidou Guidance System
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Pakistan Employs China's Beidou Guidance System, but Access Not Guaranteed 
Saifullah Sani
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Pakistan adopts Chinese rival GPS satellite system
BEIJING: Pakistan is set to become the fifth Asian country to use China’s domestic satellite navigation system which was launched as a rival to the US global positioning system, a report said on Saturday.
The Beidou, or Compass, system started providing services to civilians in the region in December and is expected to provide global coverage by 2020. It also has military applications. Thailand, China, Laos and Brunei already use the Chinese system, which currently consists of 16 operational satellites, with 30 more due to join the system, according to English-language China Daily.
Huang Lei, international business director of BDStar Navigation, which promotes Beidou, told the newspaper the company would build a network of stations in Pakistan to enhance the location accuracy of Beidou.
He said building the network would cost tens of millions of dollars.
American website Defensenews.com reported early May that Pakistani military experts were in favour of using the Chinese system, even though the availability of the signal could not be guaranteed in case of conflict. But according to one of them, Pakistan cannot place its trust in the United States.
“Pakistan’s armed forces cannot rely on US GPS because of its questionable availability during a conflict that has overtones of nuclear escalation,” former Pakistan Air Force pilot Kaiser Tufail told the site. Chinese Premier Li Keqiang travels next week to Pakistan, a long time ally, after a visit to India.
Pakistan adopts Chinese rival GPS satellite system - thenews.com.pk
even though the availability of the signal could not be guaranteed in case of conflict. But Pakistan cannot place its trust in the United States.
BEIJING: Pakistan is set to become the fifth Asian country to use China’s domestic satellite navigation system which was launched as a rival to the US global positioning system, a report said on Saturday.
The Beidou, or Compass, system started providing services to civilians in the region in December and is expected to provide global coverage by 2020. It also has military applications. Thailand, China, Laos and Brunei already use the Chinese system, which currently consists of 16 operational satellites, with 30 more due to join the system, according to English-language China Daily.
Huang Lei, international business director of BDStar Navigation, which promotes Beidou, told the newspaper the company would build a network of stations in Pakistan to enhance the location accuracy of Beidou.
He said building the network would cost tens of millions of dollars.
American website Defensenews.com reported early May that Pakistani military experts were in favour of using the Chinese system, even though the availability of the signal could not be guaranteed in case of conflict. But according to one of them, Pakistan cannot place its trust in the United States.
“Pakistan’s armed forces cannot rely on US GPS because of its questionable availability during a conflict that has overtones of nuclear escalation,” former Pakistan Air Force pilot Kaiser Tufail told the site. Chinese Premier Li Keqiang travels next week to Pakistan, a long time ally, after a visit to India.
Pakistan adopts Chinese rival GPS satellite system - thenews.com.pk
Pakistan Employs China's Beidou Guidance System, but Access Not Guaranteed
even though the availability of the signal could not be guaranteed in case of conflict. But Pakistan cannot place its trust in the United States.
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کراچی
پاکستان امریکا کے گلوبل پوزیشننگ سسٹم کے مقابلے میں چین کے سیٹلائیٹ نیوی گیشن سسٹم کا خریدار بننے جارہا ہے۔ چینی کمپنی نے کروڑوں ڈالرز کی لاگت سے پاکستان میں اسٹیشنز کا نیٹ ورک تعمیر کرنے کا اعلان کیا ہے۔چین کے سیٹلائیٹ نیوی گیشن سسٹم کو بیدو Beidou یا کمپاس کا نام دیا گیا ہے جس میں فوجی ایپلی کیشنز بھی ہیں۔ اسے امریکا کے گلوبل پوزیشننگ سسٹم جی پی ایس کے مقابلے پر تیار کیا گیا ہے۔ چین ، تھائی لینڈ ، لاوٴس اور برونائی پہلے ہی یہ سسٹم استعمال کررہے ہیں اور پاکستان اِسے استعمال کرنے والا پانچواں ایشیائی ملک بننے جارہا ہے۔ سسٹم بنانے والی کمپنی بی ڈی اسٹار کے انٹرنیشنل بزنس ڈائریکٹر ہوآنگ لی کے مطابق توقع ہے کہ پاکستان رواں ماہ کے آخر میں اس کا خریدار بن جائے گا۔ ہوآنگ لی کا کہنا ہے کہ ان کی کمپنی نیوی گیشن سسٹم کی لوکیشن ایکیوریسی بڑھانے کے لئے پاکستان میں اسٹیشنز کا نیٹ ورک تعمیر کرے گی جس پر کروڑوں ڈالر لاگت آئے گی۔ بیدو سسٹم نے دسمبر میں ایشیا پیسیفک خطے کے اندر سویلینز کو خدمات کی فراہمی شروع کی تھی اور توقع ہے کہ سات سال میں یہ گلوبل کوریج فراہم کرنا شروع کردے گا۔
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Pakistan Employs China's Beidou Guidance System, but Access Not Guaranteed
ISLAMABAD Access to Chinas Beidou satellite guidance system for navigation and precision strike weaponry is welcomed by Pakistani analysts, but guaranteed availability of the Beidou signal cannot be assumed.
Pakistans armed forces cannot rely on US GPS because of its questionable availability during a conflict that has overtones of nuclear escalation, former Pakistan Air Force pilot Kaiser Tufail said.
With Pakistani cruise missiles having satellite navigation as an option, it would actually be very naive to believe that US would abet in any such venture, he said.
The Beidou military signal will be more accurate than available commercial systems.
Mansoor Ahmed from Quaid-e-Azam Universitys Department of Defence and Strategic Studies, who specializes in Pakistans national deterrent and delivery program, said the Beidou signal is vital for Pakistans defense.
Pakistan is likely to follow a two-pronged strategy aimed at providing redundancies in conflict situations for secure guidance of its cruise missiles, he said.
This would call for reliance on Beidou as well as inertial guidance, the latter being used for indigenous cruise missiles like Babur, which can be used for counterforce precision strikes with or without conventional warheads, he added.
Pakistans indigenous cruise missiles, the air-launched Hatf-VIII/Vengeance-VIII Raad, and the surface or sub-surface-launched Hatf-VII Babur, use satellite guidance in addition to inertial navigation and terrain contour mapping.
Some Pakistani ballistic missiles, such as the Shaheen-II, are also claimed to have a satellite guidance option.
Despite its benefits, access to Beidou cannot be fully guaranteed.
Though Tufail believes China would not outright withdraw [Beidou] at least in the relatively less dangerous early stages of a conflict. For Pakistan to depend on Chinese satellite guidance systems for weapons delivery [which could be nuclear too] is fraught with uncertainties driven by international concerns.
Total reliance on the Chinese Beidou satellite positioning system in any conflict would, therefore, also have to be tempered with these stark realities, he added.
Tufail said Beidou is important mainly with regards to conventional precision strike.
The very large destruction hemisphere of a nuclear weapon, even a low yield one, mitigates any lack of delivery accuracy of a small order, he said.
Ahmed, however, believes Beidou will have at least one important part to play regarding Pakistans nuclear deterrent.
Beidou would be particularly effective for a naval Babur that is believed to be the platform for Pakistans second-strike capability, he said.
Its value will mainly be through the accurate positioning of the launch submarine rather than the guidance of the missile itself, because inertial navigation should still be sufficient for a submarine-launched weapon as long as the submarines position is accurately determined.
Ahmed does not believe large numbers of conventionally armed variants of the Babur missile will be carried on Pakistani submarines.
For the Navy Babur primarily fits in with a second strike platform carrying nuclear warheads he said.
In the South Asian context, the use of precision guided munitions can be hampered, however.
The skies over Pakistan are often obscured by thick fog in winter and dust storms in summer, which complicate accurate weapons delivery.
Tufail, therefore, highlights Beidou as important for aircraft navigation and conventional weapons delivery. Though he thinks Pakistan must retain options like laser guided weapons, not withstanding their limitations in adverse weather conditions.
In a 24-hour cycle, there are ample opportunities that can be exploited and these weapons can be useful backups, he said.
Chinas aid to Pakistans goes further than Beidou, however. While as Pakistan continues to develop its own precision-guided weaponry, only China can expeditiously deliver such such munitions in volume.
The Stockholm International Policy Research Institute (SIPRI) cites deliveries of the LS-3 and LS-6-500 satellite-guided glide bombs, and the LT-2 LGB in connection with the JF-17 Thunder fighter program as the latest examples.
SIPRI also confirms the acquisition of 50 Chinese CM-400AKG supersonic standoff missiles for the anti-shipping strike role under a 2010 deal. A variant of the missile is believed to also be satellite guided for precision strikes against land targets.
He is inclined to believe the CM-400AKG will remain a specialist anti-aircraft carrier weapon for the time being therefore.
Pakistan Employs China's Beidou Guidance System, but Access Not Guaranteed | Defense News | defensenews.com
ISLAMABAD Access to Chinas Beidou satellite guidance system for navigation and precision strike weaponry is welcomed by Pakistani analysts, but guaranteed availability of the Beidou signal cannot be assumed.
Pakistans armed forces cannot rely on US GPS because of its questionable availability during a conflict that has overtones of nuclear escalation, former Pakistan Air Force pilot Kaiser Tufail said.
With Pakistani cruise missiles having satellite navigation as an option, it would actually be very naive to believe that US would abet in any such venture, he said.
The Beidou military signal will be more accurate than available commercial systems.
Mansoor Ahmed from Quaid-e-Azam Universitys Department of Defence and Strategic Studies, who specializes in Pakistans national deterrent and delivery program, said the Beidou signal is vital for Pakistans defense.
Pakistan is likely to follow a two-pronged strategy aimed at providing redundancies in conflict situations for secure guidance of its cruise missiles, he said.
This would call for reliance on Beidou as well as inertial guidance, the latter being used for indigenous cruise missiles like Babur, which can be used for counterforce precision strikes with or without conventional warheads, he added.
Pakistans indigenous cruise missiles, the air-launched Hatf-VIII/Vengeance-VIII Raad, and the surface or sub-surface-launched Hatf-VII Babur, use satellite guidance in addition to inertial navigation and terrain contour mapping.
Some Pakistani ballistic missiles, such as the Shaheen-II, are also claimed to have a satellite guidance option.
Despite its benefits, access to Beidou cannot be fully guaranteed.
Though Tufail believes China would not outright withdraw [Beidou] at least in the relatively less dangerous early stages of a conflict. For Pakistan to depend on Chinese satellite guidance systems for weapons delivery [which could be nuclear too] is fraught with uncertainties driven by international concerns.
Total reliance on the Chinese Beidou satellite positioning system in any conflict would, therefore, also have to be tempered with these stark realities, he added.
Tufail said Beidou is important mainly with regards to conventional precision strike.
The very large destruction hemisphere of a nuclear weapon, even a low yield one, mitigates any lack of delivery accuracy of a small order, he said.
Ahmed, however, believes Beidou will have at least one important part to play regarding Pakistans nuclear deterrent.
Beidou would be particularly effective for a naval Babur that is believed to be the platform for Pakistans second-strike capability, he said.
Its value will mainly be through the accurate positioning of the launch submarine rather than the guidance of the missile itself, because inertial navigation should still be sufficient for a submarine-launched weapon as long as the submarines position is accurately determined.
Ahmed does not believe large numbers of conventionally armed variants of the Babur missile will be carried on Pakistani submarines.
For the Navy Babur primarily fits in with a second strike platform carrying nuclear warheads he said.
In the South Asian context, the use of precision guided munitions can be hampered, however.
The skies over Pakistan are often obscured by thick fog in winter and dust storms in summer, which complicate accurate weapons delivery.
Tufail, therefore, highlights Beidou as important for aircraft navigation and conventional weapons delivery. Though he thinks Pakistan must retain options like laser guided weapons, not withstanding their limitations in adverse weather conditions.
In a 24-hour cycle, there are ample opportunities that can be exploited and these weapons can be useful backups, he said.
Chinas aid to Pakistans goes further than Beidou, however. While as Pakistan continues to develop its own precision-guided weaponry, only China can expeditiously deliver such such munitions in volume.
The Stockholm International Policy Research Institute (SIPRI) cites deliveries of the LS-3 and LS-6-500 satellite-guided glide bombs, and the LT-2 LGB in connection with the JF-17 Thunder fighter program as the latest examples.
SIPRI also confirms the acquisition of 50 Chinese CM-400AKG supersonic standoff missiles for the anti-shipping strike role under a 2010 deal. A variant of the missile is believed to also be satellite guided for precision strikes against land targets.
He is inclined to believe the CM-400AKG will remain a specialist anti-aircraft carrier weapon for the time being therefore.
Pakistan Employs China's Beidou Guidance System, but Access Not Guaranteed | Defense News | defensenews.com
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