If one studies history of Pakistan of last three thousand years, one is directly faced with this interesting fact that landmass of Pakistan failed to produce any native kingdom with local base and that Pakistan always remained a playground of either foreign invaders from west or east. The history of kingdoms with some records start around sixth century BC and we see almost entire Pakistan occupied by Persian Achaemenids. These Persians did not expand into gangetic plains at all but easily ruled over Punjab , Sindh and Gandhara for two centuries.
When their rule ends, it is because of another foreign Macedonian invasion which crushes all opposition and establishes its rule over entire Pakistan, the same ruler could not ask his soldiers to attack India proper. The Greek rule would have lasted for far longer time but Mauryans from eastern India expelled them and instead ruled Pakistan for one century. Once Mauryans collapsed, the landmass of Pakistan once again became prey to invaders from west and Indo Greeks established their rule there. These Indo Greeks were then destroyed by Scythians and Parthians who subjugated Pakistan. kushans from Bactria invaded Pakistan and ruled over the landmass even when they had lost all their territories elsewhere. The eastern Indian Gupta Dynasty ruled parts of Pakistan in the 4th century. Then we have Kidarites, Hunas etc. From seventh century , most of Punjab was under Kashmir while sindh was too small to mean much. In the 8th century major part of Pakistan was conquered by the Arabs who failed to invade India because they were defeated by the south Indian Chalukya Dynasty and north Indian Pratihara Dynasty.
From 11th century till 1180s, Pakistan was ruled by Ghazanavids who were Turks and massacred lot of Pakistani tribes like jats and Ghakkars. They were replaced by Khiljis, Tughlaqs all Turkic dynasties. In the 13th century parts of Pakistan was ruled by the Mongols. In mid fifteenth century Pakistan was occupied by Afghans in form of Lodis. As history repeats itself, this foreign rule was ended by another foreigner Babur who established Mughal dynasty, Mughals ruled for two centuries. After decline of Mughals( in which Pakistanis played no role) Afghans under Durrani occupied Pakistan. The afghan rule was ended by Sikhs who were a minority in Pakistan. The atrocious Sikh rule was ended by British and British rule ended in 1947. So as one can see we do not have a single strong kingdom from Pakistan in this period of 2500 years, Pakistan was occupied by either invaders from west or those from east.
Why were the people from eastern India and southern India able to establish some of the greatest Dynasties in South Asian history while the people of Pakistan failed to produce even one native Kingdom.
Achaemenids, Greeks, Mauryans,Indo Greeks, Scythians, Guptas, Kushans, Hunas,Pratiharas, Arabs, Ghazanavids, Ghurids, Mughals, Afghans etc. all were foreigner to Pakistan and ruled it easily.
When their rule ends, it is because of another foreign Macedonian invasion which crushes all opposition and establishes its rule over entire Pakistan, the same ruler could not ask his soldiers to attack India proper. The Greek rule would have lasted for far longer time but Mauryans from eastern India expelled them and instead ruled Pakistan for one century. Once Mauryans collapsed, the landmass of Pakistan once again became prey to invaders from west and Indo Greeks established their rule there. These Indo Greeks were then destroyed by Scythians and Parthians who subjugated Pakistan. kushans from Bactria invaded Pakistan and ruled over the landmass even when they had lost all their territories elsewhere. The eastern Indian Gupta Dynasty ruled parts of Pakistan in the 4th century. Then we have Kidarites, Hunas etc. From seventh century , most of Punjab was under Kashmir while sindh was too small to mean much. In the 8th century major part of Pakistan was conquered by the Arabs who failed to invade India because they were defeated by the south Indian Chalukya Dynasty and north Indian Pratihara Dynasty.
From 11th century till 1180s, Pakistan was ruled by Ghazanavids who were Turks and massacred lot of Pakistani tribes like jats and Ghakkars. They were replaced by Khiljis, Tughlaqs all Turkic dynasties. In the 13th century parts of Pakistan was ruled by the Mongols. In mid fifteenth century Pakistan was occupied by Afghans in form of Lodis. As history repeats itself, this foreign rule was ended by another foreigner Babur who established Mughal dynasty, Mughals ruled for two centuries. After decline of Mughals( in which Pakistanis played no role) Afghans under Durrani occupied Pakistan. The afghan rule was ended by Sikhs who were a minority in Pakistan. The atrocious Sikh rule was ended by British and British rule ended in 1947. So as one can see we do not have a single strong kingdom from Pakistan in this period of 2500 years, Pakistan was occupied by either invaders from west or those from east.
Why were the people from eastern India and southern India able to establish some of the greatest Dynasties in South Asian history while the people of Pakistan failed to produce even one native Kingdom.
Achaemenids, Greeks, Mauryans,Indo Greeks, Scythians, Guptas, Kushans, Hunas,Pratiharas, Arabs, Ghazanavids, Ghurids, Mughals, Afghans etc. all were foreigner to Pakistan and ruled it easily.
