State of Scientific and Technological Development in the Muslim World
Promoting Scientific Innovation in the Muslim World
Table-1 highlights the top-10 OIC member countries by one measure of scientific and technological productivity, namely, publication of research in established journals. Clearly, Turkey leads the pack with Egypt and Iran being distant second and third. Indonesia—the largest Muslim country (by population)— is notably absent in the top-10 most scientifically productive countries, as is Bangladesh—the third largest (by population). Pakistan, the second largest Muslim country, is only a distant eighth on this list of top-10 most productive countries
Table 1: Top 10 Most Scientifically Productive Countries in the Muslim World*
Country
10-yr Publications
Top Discipline
1.
Turkey
82,407
Surgery
2.
Egypt
27,723
Applied Mathematics
3.
Iran
19,114
Chemistry
4.
Saudi Arabia
17,472
Gen – Internal Medicine
5.
Malaysia
10,674
Crystallography
6.
Morocco
10,113
Physical Chemistry
7.
Nigeria
9,105
Food Science & Technology
8.
Pakistan
7,832
Plant Sciences
9.
Jordan
6,384
Chemical Engineering
10.
Kuwait
5,930
Gen – Internal Medicine
Table-2 highlights the institutional dimension of this lackluster performance. While the overall policy environment is set at the country-level, it is really the institutions where scientific and technological innovation takes place. Here the contrast is even starker than the earlier list. Of the 25 most scientifically productive institutions in the Muslim world, 10 are in Turkey, 5 in Egypt, and 3 in Malaysia. Of the top-10 institutions, 7 are in Turkey. Most notably absent from list are institutions in three of the largest Muslim countries, namely, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Bangladesh that account for about 40% of the population of entire Muslim world.
Table 1: Top 25 Most Productive Universities in the Muslim World*
University
Country
Publications**
1.
University Hacettepe
Turkey
8,979
2.
University Istanbul
Turkey
6,488
3.
Ankara University
Turkey
5,982
4.
Cairo University
Egypt
4,977
5.
Kuwait University
Kuwait
4,495
6.
King Saud University
Saudi Arabia
4,336
7.
Middle Eastern Technical U.
Turkey
4,215
8.
Gazi University
Turkey
3,652
9.
Istabul Technical U.
Turkey
3,452
10.
Ege University
Turkey
3,336
11.
King Fahd University
Saudi Arabia
3,323
12.
Ains Shams University
Egypt
3,129
13.
University Malaya
Malaysia
2,862
14.
National Research Center
Egypt
2,651
15.
Alexandria University
Egypt
2,628
16.
American University Beirut
Lebanon
2,568
17.
Ataturk University
Turkey
2,535
18.
United Arab Emirates U.
UAE
2,478
19.
Mansoura University
Egypt
2,439
20.
King Faisal Research Center
Saudi Arabia
2,434
21.
University Sains Malaysia
Malaysia
2,402
22.
Dokuz Eylul University
Turkey
2,389
23.
Uzbek Academy of Science
Uzbekistan
2,169
24.
Cukurova University
Turkey
2,026
25.
University of Tehran
Iran
1,962