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Microcredit 'death trap' for Bangladesh's poor

greatsequence

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Joba Rani was a solvent farmer in the north east village of Jamlabaj, but her world turned upside down when early floods swamped her land in April.

Like 20 million other people in Bangladesh, most of them women, Ms Rani had turned to microcredit in an effort to lift herself out of poverty.

Microfinance offers small loans to people who do not normally qualify for traditional banking credit, to encourage entrepreneurship.

For many recipients it is a lifeline, and very often it is the only way for them to establish a business.

But after the total destruction of their crops however, villagers like Joba are not in a position to repay their loans.

Yet the microfinance organisations continue to collect the instalments.


Blind acceptance

Microfinance is not without its critics. Some argue that people can quickly sink into a cycle of debt, with many lenders charging exorbitant rates of interest.

Dr Qazi Kholikuzzaman Ahmad, chairman of PKSF, a body that monitors microfinance, describes microcredit as a "death trap" for the poor.


He explains how poor people often take up the loans without thinking of the consequences, and that 60% of borrowers take loans from several sources.

"There is no understanding that it might take 10 or 20 years to repay their loan," he says.

Furthermore, from the weekly repayments, some lenders deduct 10% of that payment for compulsory saving schemes - money the company then uses to lend to other people.

"Interest on repayments begin at around 15%, but it is a flat rate and can soon rise to anything between 40% and 100%," Dr Ahmad says.
Selling assets
Continue reading the main story

Dr Qazi Kholikuzzaman Ahmad Chairman PKSF

Repayments are generally due on loans from the first week after they are taken out, which does not give the borrower enough time to establish any form of income-earning enterprise.

To cover those first payments, people often resort to taking out a further loan from a different company.

Ms Rani used her loan to buy six cows but after her crops were destroyed she had to sell three of them, at half the market price, to enable her to repay her loan.

"I was hoping to save the remaining cows but they had to be sold as well," she laments
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Women are the main borrowers in the village and they were attracted to microcredit because they could get the loans easily and quickly.

Money is not always used as capital investment. Many people borrow money for cultivation, buying cattle, or a flock of chicks or ducklings.
Rough justice

Villagers are sending their children to work to help them make the repayments.

But when they are still unable to pay enough, the debt collectors insist that they sell their cattle, chickens and other household items.

Selling agricultural land is also considered as a last desperate option.

Villagers complain of harassments from the debt collectors and there have been allegations of physical assaults.

Because field officers are judged on repayment rates, they sometimes use coercive and even violent tactics to collect instalments on the microcredit loans.

Many villagers finally turn to local usurers - the very people whom Professor Yunus tried put out of business when he made his first loan of $27 (£17) to a group of families in a village in 1976.


Professor Yunus and his Grameen Bank were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 for his pioneering work in microfinance and he refers to many of the institutions which have followed his example as "the new loan sharks."

His organisation has a policy whereby loans are rescheduled in times of natural disaster.

Relief costs

After the floods in Bangladesh, the district administrations requested microfinance organisations to stop collecting instalments for the time being.

But that call has gone unheeded.

Dr Ahmad is dismayed.

"There are some agencies which even take their payments from relief material," he says.



BBC News - Microcredit 'death trap' for Bangladesh's poor
 
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well any type of loan is a death trap for anyone who cant repay it. the whole idea is that you borrow to generate money which then is used to pay back your debt. if you are not good with money then avoid taking any sort of loan.

and obviously neither the lender nor the borrower take into account exogenous shocks like floods, drought etc.

and for the interest free loan, well it cannot be considered as a business proposition but only as a charity etc
 
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grameen bank is a success story which has been replicated across the globe..if it was a death trap why did it gain so much popularuty..even in pakistan we r running Kasb bank on the following lines quite successfully..a few bad examples cant be quoted to reject the whole idea..there are tens of thousands of success stories n to me microcredit is one of the best development concepts of our times..almost all development economists agree on that BUT yes for those free market rhetoric endorsing westerners it is a thorn in the throat..they have always attacked prof younis for this idea..if this idea is that bad ask them to give an alternative..what they offer is an IMf package or some tied loans to governments which never trickle down to the poors..


Grameen Bank (GB) has reversed conventional banking practice by removing the need for collateral and created a banking system based on mutual trust, accountability, participation and creativity. GB provides credit to the poorest of the poor in rural Bangladesh, without any collateral. At GB, credit is a cost effective weapon to fight poverty and it serves as a catalyst in the over all development of socio-economic conditions of the poor who have been kept outside the banking orbit on the ground that they are poor and hence not bankable. Professor Muhammad Yunus, the founder of "Grameen Bank" and its Managing Director, reasoned that if financial resources can be made available to the poor people on terms and conditions that are appropriate and reasonable, "these millions of small people with their millions of small pursuits can add up to create the biggest development wonder."

As of September, 2010, it has 8.32 million borrowers, 97 percent of whom are women. With 2,564 branches, GB provides services in 81,372 villages, covering more than 97 percent of the total villages in Bangladesh.

Grameen Bank's positive impact on its poor and formerly poor borrowers has been documented in many independent studies carried out by external agencies including the World Bank, the International Food Research Policy Institute (IFPRI) and the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS).

for history and details see http://www.grameen.com/
 
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Bangladesh has been in an economic mis management for ages now! This country has great people and potential but some of the worst politicians!
 
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Seems to be mud slinging attempt at Gramin Bank & Md Yunus.
 
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