ISRO GSLV MkIII-M1 / Chandrayānam-2 (Chandrayaan-2) Mission: July 15, 2019

[serenity]

It kills your argument that people are trolling each other. Because you're doing the same here.
Shit attract flies. Stop being either of it. Nobody ever mentioned China until one troll starts his superiority complex, then things went from there.

Well I've been reasonable and deal with facts. I didn't troll anyone. Doesn't kill my argument. I can see a few Chinese members trolling. I think Galactic Penguin doing this here and on many other threads. I think he's angry and Indians for also trolling Chinese in other areas in the past. Like you say. Shit attract flies and this will never end. We don't know who threw first punch but it lead to almost everyone behaving this way.

The Chinese trolls did not come from nowhere. They see Indians trolling Chinese everywhere on the internet so I guess everyone continue the cycle. Too much hate between us we should just fight and try to kill each other. This is what we are both doing anyway so we can all just enjoy this shit time for now. Most of India hate China. Soon most of China will realize and act accordingly then we can have some fun. This level of Chinese trolls are just beginning. We don't lose anything for returning the hatred. You already hate us at every turn and act against us. Better for us to convert static energy into action so you will only see more and more Chinese act against Indian without reason.

Seems most Indian bhakts are angry we are engaging this behavior the same way. You want us to eat your trolling and stay quiet while you all troll and talk shit about us. Now we think there's nothing to lose, why not hurt you back. So **** it when Chinese suffer in past you all celebrate. Well what do you expect when Indian suffer? So this is why there are Chinese members trolling and enjoying Indian failure. Just like how opposite is also true. I guess the trolling started when Indian members call this mission partial success and then 99% success. Partial success is true because orbiter is there working. But the Chinese trolls don't want Indians to make this into a partial success because Indian trolls years ago talk about Chinese successful landing but failure in other aspects as total failure. So when India did not even land, then call it 99% success, I guess they will begin the shit talk.

 

[Khatri_pune]

« DRDO chief G Satheesh Reddy calls for directed research in specialised areas for…Centre inks pact with Goa Shipyard for two missile frigates » India May Attempt ‘Chandrayaan 3’ Moon Landing In November 2020: Report Published November 14, 2019 | By admin SOURCE: PTI After an unsuccessful bid two months ago, India may attempt another soft landing on the Moon by next year-end, probably in November, sources in ISRO said today. The Indian Space Research Organisation or ISRO had constituted a high-level committee, headed by S Somanath, Director of Thiruvanathapuram-based Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, the lead centre responsible for all launch vehicle programmes of ISRO, to prepare a report on the proposed Chandrayaan-3. “The panel’s report is awaited. The committee has been given a guideline to prepare the mission before the end of next year,” a senior ISRO official told news agency Press Trust of India. “There is a good launch window in November,” the official said. “Rover, lander and landing operations will get more focus this time and whatever deficiencies in the Chandrayaan-2 mission will be corrected,” sources in the Bengaluru-headquartered space agency said. On September 7, ISRO attempted a soft landing of Chandrayaan-2’s lander ‘Vikram’ on the unchartered lunar south pole, before losing communication with it. A national level committee consisting of academics and ISRO experts, headed by V Narayanan, Director of the space agency’s Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre, has analysed the cause of communication loss with the lander. The members of the panel included those from VSSC and UR Rao Satellite Centre. “This committee has pin-pointed as to what went wrong. They have prepared a voluminous report and are believed to have submitted it to the Space Commission,” an ISRO official said. “It’s expected to be put in the public domain after the approval of the Prime Minister’s Office,” http://idrw.org/india-may-attempt-chandrayaan-3-moon-landing-in-november-2020-report/ .

 

[Chhatrapati]

Well I've been reasonable and deal with facts. I didn't troll anyone. Doesn't kill my argument. I can see a few Chinese members trolling. I think Galactic Penguin doing this here and on many other threads. I think he's angry and Indians for also trolling Chinese in other areas in the past. Like you say. Shit attract flies and this will never end. We don't know who threw first punch but it lead to almost everyone behaving this way.

That's point. You see Chinese members trolling and you join the herd. Then try to reason that Indians are trolling too. That's the excuse every troll makes, 'because he did it too'. There is no point in giving advises and acting holier than thou, just sit back and enjoy the measuring contest or be part of it.

And I don't empathize with trolls, so I don't need to think much about what drew Galactic Penguin or you to say what ya'll said, the fact is Chinese members started stirring pot when there was no reason to. Now we are here you can choose to exit or continue it. Don't care anymore.

 

[serenity]

That's point. You see Chinese members trolling and you join the herd. Then try to reason that Indians are trolling too. That's the excuse every troll makes, 'because he did it too'. There is no point in giving advises and acting holier than thou, just sit back and enjoy the measuring contest or be part of it.

And I don't empathize with trolls, so I don't need to think much about what drew Galactic Penguin or you to say what ya'll said, the fact is Chinese members started stirring pot when there was no reason to. Now we are here you can choose to exit or continue it. Don't care anymore.

My mistake was joining the conversation. I never join the trolling herd. Either Chinese or Pakistani but I join the conversation with Indian troll. Where am I saying I am better? Just observing the behavior which you also agree with. Anyway I don't care about that guy anymore too and I guess your attitude about it is fine. Seems like you involved and joined the conversation with me. Maybe because you disagree with something I said like I disagree with the trolls.

 

[Nilgiri]

My mistake was joining the conversation. I never join the trolling herd. Either Chinese or Pakistani but I join the conversation with Indian troll. Where am I saying I am better? Just observing the behavior which you also agree with. Anyway I don't care about that guy anymore too and I guess your attitude about it is fine. Seems like you involved and joined the conversation with me. Maybe because you disagree with something I said like I disagree with the trolls.

Bro, even with the trolls here there is silent acknowledgement of other side achievements.

Some "professionals" from certain "regions" however take "emotion driven" conspiracies to whole new level lol:

https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/chan...g-on-moon-next-november.642867/#post-11890505

Wish the indian troll brigade focus there instead of China which is ahead in lot of areas and we must learn from.

 

[Ashwasthama]

Typical India loser. Cannot face reality. Russian rocket failed is fact just like your lander failed. Another fact for you. It's not a shame at all to cooperate with others. At least we can find partners. No one wants to be your partner.

Nasa wants to be our partner you looser Chinese. Your Shity Yinghou -1 could not perform earth maneuver and fell down. You now blame Russia for that instead of blaming your space agency.

Bro, even with the trolls here there is silent acknowledgement of other side achievements.

Some "professionals" from certain "regions" however take "emotion driven" conspiracies to whole new level lol:

https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/chan...g-on-moon-next-november.642867/#post-11890505

Wish the indian troll brigade focus there instead of China which is ahead in lot of areas and we must learn from.

I hope that after your acknowledgement of China being way ahead, you will no longer be in troll category and Chinese will treat you with respect.

 

[serenity]

Nasa wants to be our partner you looser Chinese. Your Shity Yinghou -1 could not perform earth maneuver and fell down. You now blame Russia for that instead of blaming your space agency.



I hope that after your acknowledgement of China being way ahead, you will no longer be in troll category and Chinese will treat you with respect.

Good luck. Maybe your next pride and joy lander can work. Good luck with NASA they sure want to partner with you in important areas. Excellent for India.

You see again you got it wrong. We didn't blame anyone. It was recognized by China and Russia that the Russian Fobos-Grunt failed to ignite engines. You can look this up online if you want. The Ukrainian rocket was launched from Khazakstan and also had Russian spacecraft Fobos-Grunt onboard. It was a partner mission like when BMW and Toyota partner to build a new car and share engine. So China and Russia both recognize it is a failure of Fobos-Grunt not burning its engine. Chinese part of this mission is just an orbiter. It isn't the orbiter's fault when the rocket didn't reach planned path. But you are too stupid or too much of a troll to understand or admit this instead just on and on about the same China failed nonsense. Good luck with brains like your's your next moon landing mission is sure to succeed in landing.

 

[Ashwasthama]

Good luck. Maybe your next pride and joy lander can work. Good luck with NASA they sure want to partner with you in important areas. Excellent for India.

I reciprocate you with good luck to your so called heavy lift rocket success and successful launch of communication satellite with that. I wish you best of luck in your Mars mission which was supposed to launched in 2017.

 

[serenity]

I reciprocate you with good luck to your so called heavy lift rocket success and successful launch of communication satellite with that. I wish you best of luck in your Mars mission which was supposed to launched in 2017.

Thank you

 

[Nilgiri]

I hope that after your acknowledgement of China being way ahead, you will no longer be in troll category and Chinese will treat you with respect.

I am not after getting respect. I am after getting actual meaningful conversation that people can learn from.

Just throwing same cheapshot blah blah at each other is now pretty irrelevant on this forum to begin with. Its been done long enough, has any worthy mind been changed on it?

 

[Ashwasthama]

I am not after getting respect. I am after getting actual meaningful conversation that people can learn from.

Just throwing same cheapshot blah blah at each other is now pretty irrelevant on this forum to begin with. Its been done long enough, has any worthy mind been changed on it?

i do not do that. When some body does that, I just show them their real face.

 

[Galactic Penguin SST]

Hahahha 98% success. Yutu was a failure for Chinese, we admit it and improve. Just like Delhi is 1% success because 1% has money to buy xiaomi air filters during their airpocalypse right?

https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/isro...ion-july-15-2019.625912/page-19#post-11878736

By showing such reckless systematic inveterate bad habits to not only blatantly lie to their domestic audience, but worse to the whole world, can not cover the fact that ISRO's leader is only trying to evade legitimate blames and responsibilities.

Worse, this also reveals that India is still plagued by the old colonial era toxins.

Proof, one has only to look at the former overlord's practice, when on 12th November 2014, the European Philae spacecraft had failed miserably in its attempt to land on comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.

What Chairman Sivan has done is only a carbon copy of the colonial master's ESA space agency in term of disinformation. With continental-wide celebrations of the alleged European epoch making achievement and excellence, when it was clearly a failure. Indeed, the Philae lander had bounced off, and finally crash-landed upside down in an unknown deep crack in the shadow of a cliff, unable to recharge its solar panels, thus sealing its feat.

India better first get rid of all its colonial era shackles before trying to talk at the table of Spacefaring Great Powers.

https://arstechnica.com/science/2014/11/rosettas-philae-lander-has-lost-power/
http://blogs.esa.int/rosetta/2015/06/11/the-quest-to-find-philae-2/

https://archive.ph/NQ9LI/d3a6171f1244eb1a82d7c9f446be05c4b632a120.jpg ; https://archive.ph/NQ9LI/a86e37c62285b3013dcb753afed69a5ddc1a3ea1/scr.png ; http://english.khamenei.ir/news/6909/What-did-British-colonialism-do-to-India-Imam-Khamenei-narrates ; http://archive.is/uMwuS
▲ 1. India better first get rid of all its colonial era shackles.

 

[hembo]

I am not after getting respect. I am after getting actual meaningful conversation that people can learn from.

Just throwing same cheapshot blah blah at each other is now pretty irrelevant on this forum to begin with. Its been done long enough, has any worthy mind been changed on it?

Except most of our beloved BD members, me think.

 

[Nilgiri]

Except most of our beloved BD members, me think.

They are long past point of no return...after giving multiple chances. They (90% of them) are stuck in their psychology and nothing can save them.

Everyone else has capability to be identified much more easily as reasonable or not given they have a normal psychology more or less....and one can simply delineate and interact as required.

 

[Galactic Penguin SST]

Using your logic, India shouldn't have launch a lunar mission to orbit the moon since NASA, Russia, ESA, Japan, and China already did that before India. lol
Same with India now saying they too are going to be building a space station by 2030. What will be the purpose of this small 20ton space station apart from showing the Chinese that they too can build one? I'm 100% sure that if China didn't launch their space station project then India wouldn't be doing this. Seems to me like a 'me too' project to be honest. Same with India now saying they too will start a manned space program. What else will they achieved that U.S Russia, ESA and China haven't already achieved? So as you can see, what you just said applies more to India than even China. Since at least China wanted to participate in ISS but they were rebuffed/banned by the US from doing so, so they had no choice than to build theirs. However India is free to join the ISS since western powers are open/more favourable towards India , but India has rejected this saying they will follow China to build theirs. Is that not a clear case of trying to follow your giant neighbour and show them you can do what they did as well? lol

India’s space station likely to have space for three

BENGALURU: The Indian Space Station, which the Indian Space Research Organisation plans to put in place in five to seven years, will have space for three astronauts, sources told TOI.
The space station will be an extension of the human spaceflight programme Gaganyaan. TOI has learned that the initial designs for the space station – still in a nascent stage – suggest a 20-tonne modular abode in the low earth orbit (LEO), at an altitude of 120km to 140km.
The International Space Station (ISS), jointly managed by the US, Russia, Europe, Japan and Canada, orbits at an average altitude of 400km. Announcing the project in June this year, Isro chairman K Sivan had said: “We don’t want to be part of ISS. Our station, which will be set up in five to seven years, won’t be very big.”

_______________________________________​

Galactic Penguin, is there a Plan for Iran to set up its own space station? Or is it too early to even think of this?

As you might have figured out, developing its own indigenous manned space program can not be justified if it stops at just sending a few astronauts into LEO.

That would be a stunt for minor NGO players like the viking's 'Copenhagen Suborbitals'.

But as an official milestone that is intended to trumpet to the world one's entry into the most elite club of superpowers, any indigenous manned space program has to follow these following steps:

Phase I

1. An unmanned suborbital flight.
2. A single astronaut suborbital flight.

Phase II

3. An unmanned orbital flight with recoverable capsule.
4. A single astronaut orbital flight.
5. A single astronaut orbital flight with spacewalk.

Phase III

6. A multi astronauts orbital short-term flight.
7. A multi astronauts orbital short-term flight, with female astronaut.
8. A multi astronauts orbital short-term flight, with spacewalk.

Phase IV

9. A multi astronauts orbital flight with rendez-vous.
10. A multi astronauts orbital flight with rendez-vous and docking to target spacecraft.

Phase V

11. Rendez-vous and docking of several space modules to form a small space station.
12. A multi astronauts orbital long-term flight with docking to a space station.



Iran has disclosed the phases 1 to 3, during the years 2010s.

As for the following steps 4 and 5, it is still not official.



And here we can have a good indication, if we monitor the Indian ISRO procedure. If one can see the head then one can guess the existence of the tail.

India has disclosed only lately in 2019 its 20 tons Space Station, made of two modules.

https://archive.fo/goM7Z/fe8ee905d3127047356e91d76c052a601f2370e2.png ; https://i.imgur.com/6Boz6It.png
▲ 1. The 20 tons Indian Space Station, made of two modules.

That is later than North Korea. But NADA's plans are inofficial, only hint disclosed in 2018.

http://web.archive.org/web/20190807...lickr.com/2/1755/42507168321_2890520ea0_b.jpg ; https://archive.fo/tWv4n/f14da7d8064b1671c0c0ce5317f49d8ad97d068a.jpg ; https://www.flickr.com/photos/dprktoday/42507168321/ ; https://defence.pk/pdf/attachments/...4/?temp_hash=e4a69666c2d20d594c3587b699925220 ; 전국소년과학환상문예작품 및 모형전시회-2018》 개막_3 ; Uploaded on June 2, 2018
▲ 2. National Youth Science Fiction Literature and Model Exhibition 2018: published on 2 June 2018, a depiction of a North Korean orbital manned spacecraft, powered by two pair of solar panels, linked to a cylindrical module that shows 3 portholes.

Itself a reiteration of the old Salyut-type space laboratory represented in 1989.

http://web.archive.org/web/20190807...f73cd55d704a5004ae2cadeae5f886.1565187217.jpg ; https://archive.fo/MkKk4/befb910e5bf73cd55d704a5004ae2cadeae5f886.jpg ; http://web.archive.org/web/20190807...20&fit=max&s=5fabfe40cb132853b16ac06a67966e0f ; https://archive.fo/9rxQ3/befb910e5bf73cd55d704a5004ae2cadeae5f886 ; https://charliecrane.com/portfolio/welcome-to-pyongyang ; https://defence.pk/pdf/attachments/...3/?temp_hash=c4697492aaa386b6172c2c1cf3a0ecfa
▲ 3. North Korean Space shuttle model in the Mangyongdae Schoolchildren’s Palace that was opened in 1989. Notice the space laboratory.

And as of Iranian hints, we had a first glimpse back in 2012, during the 63rd International Astronautical Congress (IAC) in Naples.

With the first ever image of an Iranian 2-modules three-seaters orbital manned spacecraft and initially due to be launched sometimes after 2019. Notice that the Iranian orbital spacecraft is fitted with a docking system.

https://archive.fo/aYll2/34e705f562551806275eb24ae78b89b5ab7cca90.jpg ; https://archive.fo/aYll2/b7602f817588daab01b716afb27237b015f609bb/scr.png ; http://soheilesy.persiangig.com/image/SATL/Capsule.jpg ; https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/irans-manned-space-capsule.225022/#post-3707971
▲ 4. Iran's three seaters orbital manned spacecraft first disclosed in 2012.

Then a second type of orbital manned spacecraft was seen displayed in 2013 docking to a co-orbital target.

http://gallery.military.ir/albums/userpics/10198/121650.jpg ; https://archive.ph/XHtU3/ed36305d4f2ce5e20884d0aa6e596213ce137914.jpg ; https://archive.ph/XHtU3/40e01a5f0779b116f5d0993ed5e4527e24189d58/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191031...s.com/files/fa/news/1391/11/17/138117_850.jpg ; https://www.bultannews.com/fa/news/...ی-جلوگیری-از-ترور-با-ماسک-جلو-دوربین-می-فرستد
▲ 5. Iran 2013 representation of a small manned orbital spacecraft docking to a co-orbital target.

At nearly the same time, even a third design was presented. This Iranian Soyuz-type shared the general layout. While the published specifications did not mention any Orbital Module that should comprises the docking system, computer CGI images clearly revealed the "headlight" Soyuz/Shenzhou-type shape of the Reentry module.

Researchers have success in the design of manned orbital spacecraft

2013/8/27

Design life of 14 days, orbital mission of up to 3 days with a crew of one to two astronauts.

Telecommunication antennas, solar arrays and radiators are installed outside the spacecraft.

Injection orbit of 250 × 200 km altitude, with operating altitude of 330 Km ± 5 km

Length of 5 m and diameter of 2.5 to 1.45 m, which is about four cubic meters volume
The mass of the propulsion module is 2.5 tons
The Reentry module has a mass of 2.5 tons.

Solar Electric system power: 1.00 average kW.
Batteries power: 0.2 kW

http://isna.ir/fa/news/92060502937/موفقیت-محققان-ایرانی-در-طراحی-فضاپیمای-سرنشین
​

http://media.isna.ir/content/sm-final2.jpg/4 ; http://isna.ir/fa/news/92060502937/موفقیت-محققان-ایرانی-در-طراحی-فضاپیمای-سرنشین
▲ 6. Iranian Soyuz-type manned orbital spacecraft CGI from 2013: propulsion module

http://media.isna.ir/content/25-375.jpg/4 ; http://isna.ir/fa/news/92060502937/موفقیت-محققان-ایرانی-در-طراحی-فضاپیمای-سرنشین
▲ 7. Iranian Soyuz-type manned orbital spacecraft CGI from 2013: propulsion module and reentry module

Here a CGI by unknown sources showing the same spacecraft from a different angle, and emphasizing on the reentry module.

http://media.jamejamonline.ir/Media/Image/1392/01/21/635011844293450022.jpg ; http://jamejamonline.ir/online/1001418685139564907/دوستی-در‌-آرزوی-پرواز-به-فضا ; http://www.aerospacetalk.ir/vb/showthread.php?t=51579
▲ 8. Unofficial CGI of Iranian manned orbital spacecraft with reconstructed Shenzhou-type return module.

As a further proof of this joint Iranian-Korean project, the same spacecraft was displayed in North Korea on 9th March 2017 during the week of the 2017 Kimjongilia Festival.

The manned orbital 3-modules spacecraft, was seen with one pair of solar panels on the service module, similar to the Chinese Project 863 manned orbital spacecraft (Shenzhou).

https://archive.ph/FiQ6r/8ac921eee8a57f2cdcb1af2df903bfde3a9b0a5d.jpg ; https://archive.ph/FiQ6r/0457016407ccafd92058bc13169f28bf7eb7f458/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191119234849/https://i.imgur.com/l19ui1l.jpg ; http://ipic.su/7ytepD.jpg ; https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2005/32772293282_6fb50aac03_b.jpg ; flickr.com/photos/arirangmeari/32772293282/ ; http://dprktoday.com/index.php?type=26&no=9047 ; youtube.com/watch?v=I-40y8aIPTU
▲ 9. Depiction of a North Korean 3-modules manned orbital spacecraft at the 2017 Kimjongilia Festival

At the same time, in February 2017, Iran even presented a very stylized drawing of the said 3-modules spacecraft. And associated with a spacewalker!

https://archive.ph/tX3Mr/3a3440066377c788556f0d4f7e2fecc083b38f74.jpg ; https://archive.ph/tX3Mr/d3fecaf3e4231fa2bad072cac3aaa322a666f071/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191119235213/https://i.imgur.com/cQPPjgT.jpg ; http://ipic.su/7yt6Bu.jpg ; http://aero2017.kntu.ac.ir/files_site/pooster_file/r_2_161029065515.jpg ; http://aero2017.kntu.ac.ir/en/poster.php
▲ 10. Illustration of an Iranian astronaut performing EVA and a 3-modules manned orbital spacecraft, in a February 2017 K.N. Toosi University of Technology poster.

Spacewalks already popularised the previous year during the Seventh exhibition of air and space industry, held around 30 October 2016.

https://archive.is/p7Ug7/24d76dc6b5e6f453dcf324a27a065c94238c34cf.jpg ; https://archive.is/p7Ug7/f0c8a587fbae4c5ea983ce83e319167419178059/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191119233841/https://i.imgur.com/EXIHAW9.jpg ; https://snn.ir/Original/1395/08/06/IMG15232313.jpg ; http://snn.ir/detail/News/555501/75
▲ 11. Iranian visitors taking selfies as moked astronaut performing EVA, Seventh exhibition of air and space industry, 30 October 2016.

Finally, seven years after its first appearance, the first 2-modules three-seaters orbital manned spacecraft fitted with a docking system, was again seen on the occasion of the 2019 world’s Space Week, during a news conference of Iran’s Space Research Center and Iran’s Space Agency, shortly referred to as ISA.

According to practice, this only hints at some great progress made in the development of the E1 single seater suborbital manned spacecraft.

https://archive.is/Hs5Yg/f25c9aae8eb0e242ef1f6a8096f45babf4c12c98.png ; https://archive.is/Hs5Yg/ace0d5096b3c53ca8ffbb2443c90f148019ceb03/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191008...rates-latest-achievements-Iran-space-industry ; http://archive.fo/2C3gu
▲ 12. Iran's three seaters orbital manned spacecraft as represented in a 2019 world’s Space Week poster.



Could Iran skip the development of its own space laboratory/space station? Even though a courtesy visit to the Chinese Space Station could be envisaged sometimes during the 5 steps of the Iranian long term space development plan, a continuous human presence in space can only be achieved by building its own Iranian space station.

The following text from a non-Iranian source, explains once again why Iran can neither count on Russia nor the U.S. in this endeavour, but only trust North Korea and China.

Iran Looks To Get In On Middle East Human Spaceflight Boom With Russia

John Sheldon October 23, 2019

The head of the Iran Space Agency (ISA), Morteza Barari, has said that Iran is looking to open discussions with Russia about the possibility of sending an Iranian astronaut to the International Space Station (ISS), according to Iranian press reports.

Barari’s announcement echoes a similar statement made in early October 2019 by Iran’s Minister of Information and Communications Technology, Mohammad-Javad Azari Jahromi, who has also openly called for talks with Russia about training and sending an Iranian to the ISS.

“In order to send an astronaut explorer [to the ISS], we should launch negotiations with Russia. There are many explorers from different countries at the ISS. We are also primed at studying the possibility to send an astronaut to the space station in cooperation with other nations, for example Russia,” Barari said in an interview with Iran’s Mehr News Agency.

The announcement by Iranian officials follows a flurry of human spaceflight activity and talks with Russia in the Middle East. In late September 2019 the United Arab Emirates sent its first astronaut, Hazza Al Mansoori, to the ISS with Russian assistance. Russia is also known to have offered similar astronaut training and launch services to Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey.

On his state visits to Saudi Arabia and the UAE in mid-October 2019, Russian President Vladimir Putin reiterated Russia’s pledge to assist those countries in their space ambitions.

Often left unmentioned in much of the regional coverage of Russia’s offers to send Arab astronauts to the ISS is the fact that Moscow expects countries to pay for their astronaut’s training, launch, and other expenses. The cost of sending an individual for rigorous astronaut training, launch, stay on the ISS, and return to Earth can run into tens of millions of dollars.

For countries like Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE this kind of expenditure can be afforded and justified to their respective publics.

Egypt has also publicly expressed an interest to send one of its citizens to the ISS with Russian help, but questions as to whether Cairo can afford this kind of mission or whether Russia is willing to do so for free remains unknown.

For Iranian ambitions to send an astronaut to the ISS, the issue is not just one of affordability given the parlous state of Iran’s economy due to chronic mismanagement and the international sanctions regime. Rather, the very sanctions themselves would likely prevent Russia from allowing Iran to send one of its citizens to the ISS. Even though an Iranian astronaut would stay on board the Russian ISS module (effectively Russian sovereign territory), they would have to interact with other fellow astronauts from countries that are sanctioning Iran and, in the course of their ISS duties, go to the ISS modules owned and operated by the United States, European Space Agency, and Japan.

Even if Russia wanted to send an Iranian astronaut to the ISS, it is more than likely that other ISS international partners would strongly oppose such a mission.

http://web.archive.org/web/20191030...ddle-east-human-spaceflight-boom-with-russia/
http://archive.ph/VTs2M
​

The Indian two-modules 20 tons space station might not be the closest analogy though. As Iran would have in the future a much more powerful launcher than India's GSLV, with the Safir-4 able to place 20 tons into LEO!

Iran's Communication Satellite Developing Plan 2026 of the Iranian Space Research Center (I.S.R.C.) has revealed its future space launcher's payload capabilities:

• Nahid-1, 50 Kg, LEO, Safir-1 SLV
• Nahid-2, < 100 Kg, LEO, Safir-2 SLV
• IRANSAT-1, 1 ton, GEO, Safir-3A SLV
• IRANSAT-2, 3 tons, GEO, Safir-3C SLV

http://web.archive.org/web/20190801104910if_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DVw4DqgXUAEOXQg.jpg ; https://archive.fo/TVRNZ/e148f10050430ae9d3e72e3606acc85cb88610a6.jpg ; https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DVw4DqgXUAEOXQg.jpg:large
▲ 13. Iran's roadmap for communication satellites. From official presentation of the Iranian Space Research Center.

The existence of an even more powerful heavy space launcher, able to place 20 tons into LEO, has also been revealed, the Safir-4.
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http://web.archive.org/web/20190324234320if_/https://i.imgur.com/YJeN7HI.jpg ; https://archive.fo/8MUj0/5746e1eeabd68c89d76db3e1acc6dd6bb97af820.jpg ; https://defence.pk/pdf/attachments/...7/?temp_hash=70fc9b1656a500388ff26bb0f6ad1834
▲ 14. Artistic representation of the North Korean Unha launchers family, 2019. Outdated as of Mid-February 2019.

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Thanks for this detailed response. However, if Iran doesn't do all these phases itself, no point progressing at all. I do however agree that the DPRK and Iran should collaborate, just to shorten the time required for the final desired objectives. Iran must conquer space. It has tremendous prestige value! And that cannot be understated.

Iran has probably already completed most of the research works. And of course with all the spendings. And this is the greatest trick!

https://archive.is/CTcuX/52d9f526029d816d8891c10a270b000c5dc572be.jpg ; https://archive.is/CTcuX/28ed9cf7bf495d8e2bc275bfcdc5222ed4828385/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191031205244/https://i.imgur.com/Y0IPUJD.jpg ; https://vignette.wikia.nocookie.net...st/scale-to-width-down/1000?cb=20181118141620 ; https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Cyrus_(Civ6)?file=Cyrus_Loading_Screen_(Civ6_R&F).png ; https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Cyrus_(Civ6)
▲ 15. Cyrus II and his modern day Avatar.

"Agar fray šāyad, khāhim tipadasti man abās bāved."
If there's deception afoot, I prefer it when I am the one providing the intrigue. ​

And indeed back in 2015 it was already 40% done! By 2019, the first dummy astronaut and the E1 suborbital capsule is only awaiting a political greenlight to be launched. Both the JCPOA TV series and Kim-Trump summits soap opera have been the cause of all these delays. But the hardware is ready, and the training. Though a state secret!

Russia to train Iranian cosmonauts

May 07, 2014

Russia and Iran have reportedly signed a secret deal on wide cooperation in space exploration, ranging from training Iranian cosmonauts in Russia to possible production of Earth observation and telecommunication satellites for Iran.

A protocol on cooperation was signed on April 10 in Tehran

https://rt.com/news/157496-russia-iran-space-satellite/
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Iran announces sending a man into space next year

94/07/22 -- 14 October 2015

this project has made a 40% progress, and will be able to send a man into space by next year.

http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13940722001114
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Here is my thoughts on Iran Space activities...

1- make space agency independant and reporting to Supreme leader office (this will cut off the hands of incompetent presidents such as Rohani from this important long term activity).
2- Open up the Private funding channels for the agency so that individual Iranians can contribute to this national project.(remember Iranians are wealthy people who do not pay much taxes to their government so this will enable extra funding needed for the kind of project that some short sighted Iranians may consider not necessary ).
3- I vote to make Ahamdi Nejad as the first head of this "new" space org...why...because the man demonstrated his resolve in the space and because he deserves all the credits for any progress Iran made in space during his 8 year tems.

Things are going smoothly, as the only threat is terrorism (targeting scientists in mainland Iran, sabotage of facilities). By declaring the space program dead was the smartest way. Iranian scientists can now work safely i.e. in the North. Of course no U.S. sanctions can target a dead program. Meanwhile in the last couple of years, the launch rate of North Korea has suddenly and inexplicably skyrocketed to the level of the cold war's superpowers.