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Indonesia Economy Forum

Adapun 6 perusahaan yg siap dibangun pabrik antara lain:

1. PT Wonderful Food International: Candy Confectionery from China
2. PT Binamitra Kwartasedaya: Warehouse Storage Units and Factory Facilities From Indonesia.
3. PT Ikimura Indotools Center: Automotive Components from Japan
4. PT Wook Global Technology: E-commerce from China
5. PT Brightgene Biomedical Indonesia: Bio-Medical from Taiwan and Indonesia
6. PT Ruiyuan: Construction Engineering And Real Estate developer from China

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https://www.asianage.com/world/asia...-direct-connectivity-for-impetus-tourism.html

India-Indonesia to boast direct connectivity for impetus tourism

Yogyakarta: Nia Niscaya, Indonesia's Deputy Minister for Tourism, said direct flights will be operational from October this year from Delhi to Bali via Chennai, in a bid to spur the influx of tourists.

Speaking to ANI, the Minister acknowledged that improving connectivity between the two countries will give tourism a much-needed impetus.

"Highest growth in tourist numbers is from China, second from India. This year, the target we are given is a challenge due to the lack of connectivity. In October this year, a flight from Delhi to Bali via Chennai will be operational. This will help tourism flourish. While we wait for this to happen, we are using Singapore as a hub. We are giving out deals (on flights) to encourage people coming to Singapore to extend their stay to Indonesia. Many Indians come to Singapore, and we want to tap this."

She went on to say that the focus is now on increasing connectivity to Bali, given its popularity among tourists. However, operations will be expanded to other destinations in the future, she added.

Echoing similar sentiments, India's Ambassador to Indonesia, Pradeep Kumar Rawat said talks are being held between civil aviation authorities in both countries regarding a boost to direct connectivity.

"In terms of numbers, the growth of Indian tourists to Indonesia is among the highest. We must provide more connectivity. We are neighbours, we share a maritime boundary. It is important for us to build direct connectivity to bring more tourists. We do have to enable framework in civil aviation ministry. Authorities in both countries are in talks for the same (direct flights). In my view, this will encourage tourism and low-cost airlines can follow suit," he opined.

This year marks the completion of 70 years of bilateral ties between India and Indonesia. To commemorate the occasion, the two officials inaugurated a photo exhibition at the Prambanan temple complex in the city, depicting the journey of the two countries over the last 70 years.

On the sidelines of the event, Rawat reiterated that key industries, including tourism and security, need to be strengthened in collaboration.

"We are close in our hearts, we now need to become close in mind also to make our relations more concrete," he added.
 
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Indonesia, Argentine form WGTI to intensify trade cooperation

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President Jokowi and Argentine President Mauricio Macri at the Bogor Palace, June 26, 2019. (ANTARA FOTO/Akbar Nugroho Gumay/foc)

Jakarta (ANTARA) - Indonesia and Argentine have established a Working Group on Trade and Investment (WGTI) in an initial endeavor to boost bilateral trade cooperation between both nations.

"At this forum, we could exchange information. Both these countries are located far from one another, as one is in America, while the other lies in Southeast Asia. Hence, they do not know each other well, and not much information has been disseminated," Ni Made Ayu Marthini, the Trade Ministry's bilateral trade director, noted here on Wednesday.

The working group will act as a forum for communication, promotion, and facilities for the two countries, she explained.

The two governments have encouraged businesspersons from both nations to take part in different business events organized in both nations.

When the three functions work, WGTI will issue recommendations regarding future activities.

The recommendations will serve as a basis for establishing a free trade agreement (FTA) - Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA).

For a trade agreement with Argentine, Indonesia must initially forge multilateral cooperation with the economic and political block Mercosur that groups Brazil, Venezuela, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentine.

Argentine President Mauricio Macri, accompanied by First Lady Juliana Awada, paid a state visit to Indonesia on Wednesday.

President Joko Widodo (Jokowi) and First Lady Iriana welcomed Macri and Awada at the Bogor Palace before holding a one-on-one meeting.

https://en.antaranews.com/news/127774/indonesia-argentine-form-wgti-to-intensify-trade-cooperation
 
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G20 Summit: President Jokowi to hold 16 bilateral meetings on sidelines; talks expected with Japan, Turkey, South Korea, Australia, Brazil, Canada, and also those leaders outside G20 like Netherlands, DR Congo, Senegal, UN secretary general, and new World Bank president director.

Indonesia Terima 16 Permintaan Pertemuan Bilateral di Sela KTT G20

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Jakarta - Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi negara-negara G20 (KTT G20) akan digelar pekan ini di Osaka, Jepang. Indonesia menerima 16 permintaan pertemuan bilateral di sela KTT.

"Di sela-sela itu tentunya permintaan untuk (pertemuan) bilateral sangat banyak kali ini. Sudah kita terima 16 permintaan bilateral, tapi akan sesuaikan dengan waktunya," jelas Menteri Luar Negeri Retno LP Marsudi di Istana Kepresidenan Bogor, Jawa Barat, Rabu (26/6/2019).

Nantinya Presiden Joko Widodo (Jokowi) direncanakan bertemu dengan pimpinan negara dari Turki, Korea Selatan, Australia, hingga Sekjen PBB. Jadwal-jadwal pertemuan masih dicocokkan.

"Ada juga negara di luar G20, seperti Belanda. Yang sudah masuk/direncanakan/berkomunikasi ada Turki, Jepang--tapi Jepang agak ketat karena dia chairman--jadi ini paling challenging mengatur waktunya. Terus Korea Selatan, Australia, PM Kongo, Kanada, Sekjen PBB, presiden baru Bank Dunia, Brasil, Senegal," ujar Retno.

Adapun KTT G20 akan dibagi menjadi empat sesi. Dan setiap kepala negara mendapat jatah dua sesi bicara.

"Presiden akan berbicara sebagai lead speaker di sesi tentang inequality, education, infrastructure, SDGs. Intinya mengenai inclusiveness and sustainable development. Kemudian Presiden juga akan bicara di sesi yang lain, yaitu yang terkait dengan digital economy," kata Retno.

"Jadi sistemnya 20 plus tamu-tamu dibagi empat sesi. Sesi dua lainnya adalah trade investment dan environment. Indonesia mendapatkan bagian, setiap kepala negara dapat dua sesi bicara," papar Retno.

https://news.detik.com/berita/d-460...338.286537714.1561456185-280437179.1561456185
 
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Toyota ready to invest IDR28.3 trillion: minister
27th Jun 2019 22:18

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Minister of Industry, Airlangga Hartarto. (ANTARA / Bayu Prasetyo / aa)

Jakarta (ANTARA) - Minister of Industry Airlangga Hartarto said that the Japanese automotive company, Toyota, is ready to disburse funds amounting to Rp28.3 trillion over the next four years.

The Toyota investment plan is related to the new government policies, which encourage the development of electric vehicles.

"Well, that will be listed in the two government's regulations. First, regarding the acceleration of electric-based vehicles, and the second is regarding activities related to PPnBM for electric-based industries, which include hybrids," Airlangga said in a statement received in Jakarta on Thursday.

According to Airlangga, the PPnBM will be zero if the vehicles produced are based on electricity and the emissions are the lowest.

President of Toyota Motor Corporation, Akio Toyoda, in the one-on-one meeting session, said that Toyota will develop electric-based vehicles, especially hybrids, in Indonesia.

The Minister of Industry said that the Ministry of Industry together with one of the Japanese automotive manufacturers had conducted a study of the development and use of electric vehicles. This activity also involved six universities in Indonesia.

"From the results of the study, hybrids are seen as an alternative because of the well to wheel, where the ecosystem generation of energy is also seen, starting from primary energy to the driving of the automotive," he said.

The Ministry of Industry itself encourages the development of domestic electric vehicle technology, including the making of fuel cells.



Editor: Rahmad Nasution

COPYRIGHT © ANTARA 2019
 
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Indonesia, South Korea boost cooperation in industrial sectors
27th Jun 2019 18:17

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(File Photo) - Industry Minister Airlangga Hartarto (first right) . (ANTARA)

Jakarta (ANTARA) - Indonesia is striving to deepen cooperation with South Korea in industrial sectors, with the objective of stepping up trade and investment.

In a bid to open broader opportunities for cooperation, Indonesian Industry Minister Airlangga Hartarto held a meeting with Korean Trade, Industry, and Energy Minister Sung Yun Mo in Seoul, Wednesday (June 26).

Hartarto noted that the meeting was a follow up to the leaders' get-together in September 2017.

By and large, he remarked that Indonesia and South Korea's business and economic sectors had made significant progress. Strategic cooperation had been implemented in areas, including the joint task forces to promote economic cooperation.

"We have the Indonesia-Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement in 2019 that targets bilateral trade of up to US$30 billion by 2022," he noted in his statement, Thursday.

Currently, the Industry Ministry has reached a total of 10 international cooperation agreements with its partners in South Korea that include cooperation between units within the ministry and government institutions in Korea.

"In general, the level of implementation of cooperation between the Industry Ministry and partners in the Republic of Korea is very good, specifically nine out of the 10 agreements have been implemented," Hartarto emphasized.

During the meeting, an agreement was also inked for continued cooperation between Indonesia's Ministry of Industry and the National Research Council for Economic, Humanities, and Social Sciences (NRC) of South Korea.

The agreement is related to a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on cooperation for Industry 4.0 signed by both nations in September 2018.

Hartarto expounded that the continued cooperation will encourage the placement of technical experts, including organizing the implementation of Industry 4.0 in the five industrial sectors of automotive, food and beverage, textile, chemical, and electronic products.

"As a follow up to the MoU, we signed an agreement on the technical cooperation framework with NRC," he stated.

Hartarto also spoke at length on the development of industrial investment from South Korea in Indonesia. For instance, the POSCO steel company has invested in the past four years to produce three million tons of steel from the blast furnace process to the slab.

"We are discussing the 10 million tons steel roadmap in Cilegon for 2025 and then on building derivative industries with products, such as CRC (cold roll coil)," he pointed out.

Meanwhile, in the chemical industry, Lotte Chemicals has achieved the first milestone by building a plant with US$4 billion of investment. The plant is expected to become operational in 2020.

"Meanwhile, we are also in discussions with Hyundai Motor Corporation on its investment plan in Indonesia. In principle, we provide support for this investment," Airlangga remarked.

Furthermore, the Industry Ministry continues to support deeper collaboration in five industrial sectors to support Making Indonesia 4.0, the country's fourth Industrial Revolution-oriented strategy with the aspiration of emerging among the world’s 10 largest economies by 2030.

The five key technologies that support this vision are: the internet of things, artificial intelligence, human machine interface, robotics and sensor technology, and 3D printing

"One of the considerations is the Indonesian mobile market that amounts to 60 million. In addition, the digital economy is highly developed in Indonesia, with the support of the younger generation," Hartarto added. Related news: UI team bags Platinum Prize at Asian Students' Venture Forum

Related news: Indonesia proposes inviting n Korea to ASEAN-S Korea anniversary

Related news: South Korea to invest US$446 million in Indonesia

Editor: Azizah Fitriyanti

COPYRIGHT © ANTARA 2019
 
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NTT Com develops the largest data center in Indonesia
source : Link :cheers:


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TOKYO--(Antara/BUSINESS WIRE)-- NTT Communications Corporation (NTT Com), the ICT solutions and international communications business within the NTT Group (TOKYO: 9432), announced today it would develop a new data center campus at Bekasi, Indonesia. The new campus will be known as “Indonesia Jakarta 3 Data Center” (JKT3) and is capable of up to 18,000 sqm (7,800 racks) IT space and 45MW IT load once fully developed. This is the first project of NTT Global Data Centers (GDC), established to strengthen data center business.

This four-story data center campus will be in a large industrial area located 30km east of central Jakarta. Since JKT3 enables customers to customize its server room as well as providing colocation space by the rack, JKT3 will meet various customer’s requirements, in particular, from OTTs and financial institutions who require flexible facility design.

* Highly reliable and scalable facility
JKT3 meets NTT Com’s globally consistent “Nexcenter™” (*3) Data Center Standards which consist of more than 300 or more items, and by adopting the industry's highest level of highly reliable and highly efficient facilities. JKT3 has two power plants to supply electricity by two different routes. Power facilities in data centers, power supplies for air conditioning and security, and communication facilities are all redundant, so JKT3 meets customers’ demand in terms of reliability. In addition, modular building systems fit customers’ preferences, which using data center spaces flexibly in line with its business expansion.

* Strict operation and security measures
In JKT3, NTT Com provides standardized operation processes, including monitoring IT infrastructure in 24 hours a day, 365 days a year to ensure the stable operation regarding a customer’s IT system.


Polymer Connected Collaborates With Singapore’s GIC Partners To Build Two Data Centre Facilities In Jakarta
source : Link

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With this partnership, Polymer Connected has acquired the land to build the campus, which is located in Jakarta Barat.

GIC, Singapore’s sovereign wealth fund, and data centre provider Polymer Connected has announced that the pair have established a partnership to develop a data centre campus in Jakarta.

This will be Polymer Connected’s first campus in Indonesia and will include 2.6MW Tier III, and 26MW Tier IV data centre facilities, the company revealed.

The plan is for it to adopt a hyperscale model, to be leased on a large, long-term basis to wholesale clients.

“With a population of 575 million, 350 million internet users and 390 million active mobile users, Southeast Asia’s digital economy is forecasted to triple to $240bn by 2025,” said Darren Hawkins, CEO, Polymer Connected.

“Data centres represent the backbone of this movement, which is why Polymer Connected chose to build its hyperscale data network here. Our aim is to provide businesses with state-of-the-art data solutions and to help our clients unlock their growth potential in these fast-emerging digital markets.”

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RI attracts Taiwanese companies to invest in semiconductor industry
source : Link

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Jakarta (ANTARA) - An Indonesian industry ministry's delegation paid a recent visit to Taiwan to attract semiconductor companies to invest in Indonesia.

"Some time ago, we had visited Taiwan in search of companies that will invest in Indonesia's semiconductor industry, as this component can be marketed everywhere," Director General of Metal, Machinery, Transportation Means and Electronic Industry of the Industry Ministry Harjanto stated here on Thursday.

Harjanto remarked that Indonesia currently has several downstream electronic industries. Hence, now is the time to switch them to midstream and upstream industries.

"We want to encourage the midstream industry to become an upstream industry in the country," he added. EDITED BY INE
 
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Southeast Asia Country GNI per capita 2018 :
source : https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ny.gnp.pcap.cd

1. Singapore : $54,200 (2017) Vs $58,770 (2018) Up +4,570
2. Brunei : $29,890 Vs $31,020 +1,130
3. Malaysia : $9,810 Vs $10,460 +650
4. Thailand : $5,950 Vs $6,610 +660
5. Indonesia : $3,530 Vs $3,840 +310
6. Philippine : $3,650 Vs $3,830 +180
7. Laos : $2,240 Vs $2,460 +220
8. Vietnam : $2,190 Vs $2,400 +210
9. Cambodia : $1,230 Vs $1,380 +150
10. Myanmar : $1,200 Vs 1,310 +110
 
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Industry Minister : Hyundai to Establish Production Base in Indonesia
Tuesday, 02/07/2019

The South Korean automotive company, Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) has affirmed its commitment to immediately establish its production base in Indonesia to meet the needs of domestic and export markets, Minister of Industry Airlangga Hartarto has said during a meeting with Executive Vice President of HMC Park Hong Jae in Seoul, South Korea, Tuesday (25/6).

“They will start the production in 2021, with a capacity of 70,000 to 250,000 units per year,” the Minister said in his statement on Sunday (30/6).

The vehicles types in production, he added, include SUVs, MPVs, hatchbacks, and sedans. Hyundai will market 47% of its production to the domestic market and the remaining 53% to the export market.

The Government will encourage investment in the electric vehicle industry by providing tax holiday facilities. During his visit to HMC, Airlangga had the opportunity to test Hyundai Nexo, a hydrogen-fueled car and observed its technology.

Airlangga went on to say that the location of Hyundai factory is still unconfirmed. However, it would be able to absorb a workforce of 3,500 people.

In the meantime, the Ministry’s Director General for Metals, Machinery, Transportation Equipment and Electronics Harjanto has said that Hyundai revealed its plans to build factories in the Southeast Asian region, with Indonesia as production base, at the beginning of January 2018.

“Indonesia has nickel ore which can be used for the production of lithium-ion batteries, an important component of electric vehicles,” Harjanto said, adding that some of the HMC total production capacity in Indonesia will be allocated for producing electric vehicles which most of them will be for Southeast Asia and Australia export markets, and the rest for domestic needs.

Meanwhile, Minister of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MoTIE) of South Korea Sung Yun Mo has stated that strengthening cooperation between Indonesia and South Korea covers many industrial sectors, not only the steel and chemical industry sector but will also target the automotive industry sector. The investment, he added, is critical in strengthening the manufacturing structure and improving industrial competitiveness in Indonesia.

“The automotive cooperation also opens opportunities for component suppliers. With a large number of needs on the vehicle component, it can also strengthen small-medium industries in Indonesia. This cooperation is very meaningful because it will increase competitiveness and contribute to a healthier industrial ecosystem,” Sung Yun Mo said.

https://setkab.go.id/en/industry-minister-hyundai-to-establish-production-base-in-indonesia/


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Indonesia selects France-based Thales to build 150 Gbps satellite
Norman Harsono / The Jakarta Post - Tue, July 2, 2019 / 01:03 pm

Thales Alenia Space, a Franco-Italian aerospace manufacturer, announced on Monday that it had been selected to build “Satria”, a 150 Gigabits per second (Gbps) satellite.

The project was targeted to be completed in 2022, when satellite operator Pasifik Satelit Nusantara (PSN) – which runs the Satria project on behalf of the Communications and Information Ministry – is slated to launch it into space.

Once operational, Satria will beam internet connectivity to 149,000 public buildings around the country, 87 percent of which will comprise schools, clinics and government offices, located outside Java.

“We are particularly honored to provide to PSN for the ministry’s first VHTS [very high throughput satellite] telecommunication satellite, which will be the most powerful one over the Asian region,” said Thales chief executive officer (CEO) Jean Loic Galle in a statement.

He added that Thales would not only build the satellite but also construct two control centers and train PSN engineers to operate the machine.

Thales, however, did not reveal the total cost of the project except that it was part of the ministry’s Rp 21.4 trillion (US$1.5 billion) budget to build, launch and operate Satria for 15 years.

PSN president director Adi Rahman Adiwoso said in the statement that the Satria satellite was part of the company and the ministry's goal “to provide communities with equal access [to the internet].”

The satellite is expected to boost internet penetration above the 64.6 percent recorded last year, according to the Indonesian Internet Service Providers Association. (bbn)

https://www.thejakartapost.com/news...based-thales-to-build-150-gbps-satellite.html
https://www.thejakartapost.com/news...based-thales-to-build-150-gbps-satellite.html
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F&B contribution to GDP steadily increases
  • News Desk
    The Jakarta Post
JAKARTA / Tue, July 2, 2019 / 02:06 pm
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Shoppers crowd a food and beverage section at a supermarket in Tangerang, Banten. The growth of the beverage and food industry slowed to 7.9 percent in 2018 from 9.23 percent in 2017 (Antara/Lucky.R)
The contribution of the food and beverage (F&B) industry to gross domestic product (GDP) increased steadily over the past four years in spite of the decrease of its growth last year, according to the Indonesian Food and Beverage Producers Association (GAPMMI).

“The F&B industry’s contribution to GDP increased to 6.25 percent last year from 6.14 percent in 2017, 5.97 percent in 2016, 5.61 percent in 2015 and 5.32 percent in 2014,” said GAPMMI chairman Adhi Lukman .

Meanwhile, the industry’s growth reached its highest level of 9.49 percent in 2014 before slowing down to 7.54 percent in 2015. The growth increased again to 8.33 percent in 2016 and to 9.23 percent in 2017 before slowing down again to 7.91 percent in 2018.

Adhi told The Jakarta Postthat 2018’s slowing down of the F&B industry’s growth was caused by the decline of palm oil production and prices.

The Industry Ministry's agroindustry director general, Abdul Rochim, said that in the first quarter of this year, the F&B industry’s contribution to GDP already reached 6.35 percent.

“The quarterly contribution of the F&B sector to the whole non-oil and non-gas industry was 31.6 percent,” he said.

Adhi said the country’s F&B production increased 6.77 percent in the first quarter of this year.

The Industry Ministry has projected that annual growth of the F&B industry will likely reach 9 percent in 2019 if the realization of investment in this sector reaches Rp 63 trillion.

In the first quarter alone, investment in the F&B sector rose to Rp 14.6 trillion from Rp 12.5 trillion in the same period of last year, Abdul said.(syk)
 
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Would like to add.... article mentions 2017, the total trade was 18 billion USD between the two countries.

According to comtrade, Trade in 2017 was around 20 billion USD and was nearly 25 billion USD in 2018.

In 2016, the total stood around 15 billion, so this is 2 years running now where 5 billion added each year approx.

For 2018, comtrade reports 19.7 billion in exports from INA to IND....and 4.8 billion USD exports from IND to INA.

This is just merchandise (goods) trade only. Service trade is also increasing (through tourism, IT etc) between two countries, but not much confirmed figures for those yet.

So definitely 50 billion merchandise target has good grounding and not all that ambitious. As required increase to meet objective is around (50 - 25)/7 = 3.5 per year ...and India is in that crucial zone in gdp per capita bulking (got to 2000 USD per capita nominal and looking to drive quick as possible to 3000, 4000 per capita).
 
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Would like to add.... article mentions 2017, the total trade was 18 billion USD between the two countries.

According to comtrade, Trade in 2017 was around 20 billion USD and was nearly 25 billion USD in 2018.

In 2016, the total stood around 15 billion, so this is 2 years running now where 5 billion added each year approx.

For 2018, comtrade reports 19.7 billion in exports from INA to IND....and 4.8 billion USD exports from IND to INA.

This is just merchandise (goods) trade only. Service trade is also increasing (through tourism, IT etc) between two countries, but not much confirmed figures for those yet.

So definitely 50 billion merchandise target has good grounding and not all that ambitious. As required increase to meet objective is around (50 - 25)/7 = 3.5 per year ...and India is in that crucial zone in gdp per capita bulking (got to 2000 USD per capita nominal and looking to drive quick as possible to 3000, 4000 per capita).

Indonesia GDP is around 4000 US dollar per capita with US dollar value around 14,400 rupiah (in which now stands at 14,100), so far we managed to get a good results from focused on quality growth and equality of wealth distribution between Rural and Urban community and thus creating middle class population among both urban and rural society . Indonesia lately had a good prospect for IT and startup services, in which had penetrated much of our rural and urban middle class. India goods and services had a niche market here, especially in IT sector, the likes of Go jek, Tokopedia, Bukalapak and many other startups giant in Indonesia using so many India IT products or even bought their whole company to sustain their increasing complex operation.
 
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NEWS
New Indonesian-Japanese deal to be signed in late 2019
  • News Desk
    The Jakarta Post
Jakarta / Wed, July 3, 2019 / 05:49 pm
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Trade Minister Enggartiasto “Enggar” Lukita. (JP/Wendra Ajistyatama)
The Indonesian and Japanese governments are now working to complete the countries’ new economic partnership agreement, which is expected to be signed late this year.

A commitment to accelerate negotiations over the General Review Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (GR-IJEPA) was made at a meeting between President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo and Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on the sidelines of the G20 Summit in Osaka last week.

"A confirmation by the leaders of both countries to complete the GR-IJEPA is urgent as a symbol for the importance of trade relations,” said Trade Minister Engartiasto Lukita, who accompanied Jokowi to the meeting, in a statement received on Wednesday.

During the meeting, the two leaders had demanded the delegates accelerate the completion of the protocol amendment.

Apart from discussing the continuity of GR-IJEPA negotiations, Jokowi and Abe also expressed their commitment to support the completion of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) this year.

The RCEP involves 10 ASEAN member countries, plus China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand, and covers 38 percent of the world’s gross domestic product (GDP) and 25 percent of global trade.

Japan and Indonesia had met in late June and announced a number of recommendations toward the completion of GR-IJEPA negotiations, Enggartiasto said, adding that for Indonesia, final deal of GR-IJEPA was important amid global trade frictions.

The GR-IJEPA negotiations cover various issues, including those on trade in goods and services, employment, investments, a country’s goods of origin, intellectual property rights and climate change, the minister added.

“Apart from opening more access for trade in goods and services, the IJEPA will also open the way for cooperation in the manufacturing industry sector," he added. (bbn)
 
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