shuttler
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without nasa you can't handle the job single-handedly PERIOD
there are a lot of menintioning of that on the net
go and find them yourself!
India's Mars mission to begin its 10-month journey on October 28
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without nasa you can't handle the job single-handedly PERIOD
there are a lot of menintioning of that on the net
go and find them yourself!
China has more powerful rockets than india.
Of course we can go to Mars but as I said it is not our immediate goal in space exploration!
the shortest distance between Earth and Mars is about 54 mio Km. Our lunar probe Chang 'e 2 which was launched in 2010, is able to orbit around the moon multiple times taking topographical 3-D pix during its mission. It has already travelled over 50 million km from Earth
Well great ...China has capability but does not want to use it ....? who will believe ? on the contrary when India is using its capability some fools like you are crying hoarse ....
If you had some national pride you won't be begging Russians for free ride to mars !
It is rather funny that you have rocket capability ( as you claim , but we can believe only when Long march actually launches mars mission ) but you still want to have free ride over Russian rocket !!!
Truth is that China's space programme has thrived on beg , borrow and steal tactics .....Period
Of course we can go to Mars but as I said it is not our immediate goal in space exploration!
the shortest distance between Earth and Mars is about 54 mio Km. Our lunar probe Chang 'e 2 which was launched in 2010, is able to orbit around the moon multiple times taking topographical 3-D pix during its mission. It has already travelled over 50 million km from Earth
Well great ...China has capability but does not want to use it ....? who will believe ? on the contrary when India is using its capability some fools like you are crying hoarse ....
If you had some national pride you won't be begging Russians for free ride to mars !
It is rather funny that you have rocket capability ( as you claim , but we can believe only when Long march actually launches mars mission ) but you still want to have free ride over Russian rocket !!!
Truth is that China's space programme has thrived on beg , borrow and steal tactics .....Period
Srinivas
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What sources?
Recent Chandrayaan 1 has more backing from scientific community than soviet one. If you want to counter my argument then you are free to do.
If you hurl your abuses then it is a sign that you are loosing your arguments and acting like troll.
Recent Chandrayaan 1 has more backing from scientific community than soviet one. If you want to counter my argument then you are free to do.
If you hurl your abuses then it is a sign that you are loosing your arguments and acting like troll.
shuttler
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what I have quoted are from reputable scientific sources
what you said are one way traffic to blatant denial of truth, taking credit when you dont deserve PERIOD
The truth is IT IS THE SOVIET UNION WHICH FIRST DISCOVERED WATER ON MOON - not lying indians!
Go away and exit this thread which is not for kids!
Srinivas
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You get lost troller .....
China's nuclear, missile , space programme is based on beg , borrow and steal tactics....
And these tactics continue even today ....
here is the proof !
" Without Soviet assistance, it would not have been possible for China to make rapid progress in its nuclear and missile endeavours. Some senior Chinese still alive in 1985 blamed Mao for the collapse of the Sino-Soviet alliance. One military leader even admitted, "We should apologise to Moscow."
Marshal Nie Rongzhen acknowledged China's immense debt to the Soviet Union. According to him, the Russians provided China with prototypes of several kinds of guided missiles, aircraft, and other military equipment and relevant technical data."
Source : Lewis and Litai, op. cit., pp. 63-4.
" China also sought Soviet assistance in the development of missile technology. Under the New Defence Technical Accord of October 15, 1957, Khruschev sent an Army missile battalion with two R-2 missiles (code-named SS-2 in the West), with a range of 590 kilometres, and their associated launching equipment. The nuclear warhead China was then developing was heavier than R-2's throw-weight limit of 950 kilograms. Blueprints and technical documents in 10,151 volumes and missiles were also sent to China for manufacturing, testing, and launching purposes. Soviet missile engineers arrived in Beijing to help China set up its missile industry. China purchased 12 more R-2s. This marked the beginning of China's ballistic missile programme. The missile was now called 1059.
The Soviet Union refused to supply R-12 (its code name in the West was SS-4) because, as a rule, it did not transfer state-of-the-art weapons to allies before its own deployment of at least two more advanced systems. This did not deter the Chinese from obtaining the technology even if it had to be done in an underhand manner. Chinese students studying at the Aviation Institute, Moscow, had acquired a rudimentary knowledge of the missile. This provided the basis for the dongfeng (East Wind) DF-1 missile.
Those students learned more about R-5 because it was included in their courses and was displayed during the October 1957 parade in the Red Square. They copied restricted data and notes and questioned Soviet experts in order to extract vital information about the missile. It was not on the authorised list of sales to China because the Soviet Rocket Forces had deployed its follow-on model, the R-7 that had launched the Soviet Sputnik on October 4, 1957.
Source :
John Wilson Lewis and Hua Di, "China's Ballistic Missiles: Technologies, Strategies, Goals",
International Security, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 13-4.
For those who doubt veracity and authenticity of Source
Hua Di is one of the top-ranking Chinese missile scientists. With the blessings of the Chinese government, Hua began in the 1980s a long association with the Centre for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University. He left for a short visit to China on December 31,1997 and was arrested shortly after arrival in Beijing. Accused of revealing Chinese secrets, Hua was recently sentenced to 15 years in prison. ( Mike Moore, "The Kafkaesque case of Hua Di", Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, November/December 1999, pp. 12-14 and Mike Moore "Hua Di convicted", Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, January/February 2000, p.17.)
" Despite worsening Sino-Soviet relations, Khrushchev authorised the sale in December 1959 of R-11 FM as well as the Golf submarine on which it could be deployed. It was the only Soviet missile capable of hitting targets in the United States. This was also the last major Soviet weapons system received by China"
Source : John Wilson Lewis and Hua Di, op. cit., pp. 31-2
The Soviets provided the Chinese with a nuclear reactor, a cyclotron and fissionable material. (Lewiss and Xue, 41)
These accords also included a geological survey for uranium in exchange for the Chinese supplying raw materials to the Soviets.
In the initial stages of the nuclear project Chinese scientists and planners stressed the need for the “vigorous assistance” of the Soviets. (Ibid., 48)
The Soviets, according to Davis and Xue, felt compelled to give the Chinese more than they were comfortable in doing, because their position among socialist countries was deteriorating. (Ibid., 62)
The Soviets directly aided Chinese scientists with the deployment of Russian experts and advisers, blueprints, machinery and scientific journals; the Chinese also indirectly pushed for scientific growth out of intrinsic strategic concerns.
Chinese scientists of the Communist period were much more deliberate at acquiring as much as they could from the Soviets before the 1960 Sino-Soviet split.
Sino-Soviet relationship deteriorated as time moved on and tensions between the Chinese and the Soviets grew worse. The Soviets pulled out early on during the bomb project, but they had provided enough materials and schematics so that the Chinese could reverse engineer and innovate the necessary procedures and components to build a bomb.
The following Sino-soviet split period would be one of counterproductive populist science and general decline that would last until Deng Xiaoping’s reforms in 1978.
Sino-Soviet Scientific Collaboration B Y K E V I N H O
Kevin's Work
" Marshal Nie Rongzhen, veteran of the Long March who later became the overlord of China's scientific development including the nuclear enterprise, suggested to the Central Committee and the Central Military Commission that China should start its own "preparations for research to develop missiles, atomic bombs, new fighter planes and other sophisticated weapons, while striving to continue the negotiations with the Soviet Union, trying everything possible to get help." The Soviet government had agreed to train 50 missile specialists, and China "should make the most of this chance".
Source : Excerpts from Marshal Nie Rongzhen's memoirs, titled "How China Develops Its Nuclear Weapons", in Beijing Review, April 29, 1985, pp. 15-18.
" Soviet aid began to flow and in July 1953 about 10,000 metric tonnes of nuclear equipment and material were sent to China. Soviet experts helped in the setting up of a number of laboratories. In 1954 a Joint Institute of Nuclear Research was established in Dubna near Moscow with nuclear experts from 11 countries of the Socialist bloc. About 1100 Chinese scientists received training at this institute."
Morton H. Halperin, China and the Bomb (New York: Praeger, 1966), p.79. On Soviet nuclear assistance, see pp. 51, 71, 74, 75, 77, 78-82, 102-4, 130, and 160.
" Between 1955 and 1958 six accords were signed relating to Soviet assistance in the development of China's science, industry, and weapons programmes. These included joint surveys of Chinese uranium ores, supply of a nuclear reactor and a cyclotron, and aid in building China's nuclear research facilities and industries. The New Defence Technical Accord of October 15, 1957, however, was unusual in the history of the nuclear age; the Soviet Union promised to supply China with blueprints for, and a working prototype of, an atomic bomb and missiles, as well as related data."
Source : Lewis and Litai, op. cit.,-" China Build the Bomb" - p. 41. Stanford University Press
Now stop trolling .
There are relevant threads in Word Affairs section such as " Soviet Russia's contribution to China's Nuclear , Missile , Space programme "
" Role of espionage in Chinese Technology " etc where all these facts are discussed . If you have something to say with facts go and do there .
Fattyacids
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China space program is indigenous unlike India who has to beg the Russian over and over again. You're so backward, not only you can't do reverse engineering, you even confused it with stealing,
China space program is indigenous unlike India who has to beg the Russian over and over again. You're so backward, not only you can't do reverse engineering, you even confused it with stealing,
China begged to Russia ....and has been begging all along !
China's space prgramme survived on Beg , Borrow and steal tactics ....
If China had indigenous programme they would n't have had to beg to Russia to give free ride to mars which off course failed.
You are so backward , you have to literally beg to your grandfather Russia for even launch vehicle ....so much for the fake long march rocket ....
Unlike China, India is embarking upon Mars mission with its owm rocket and its spacecraft !
China space program is indigenous unlike India who has to beg the Russian over and over again. You're so backward, not only you can't do reverse engineering, you even confused it with stealing,
China has been stealing military ,industrial secrets from all over the world .
If you had brains , you won't be stealing from rest of the world .....
http://www.americaspace.com/?p=14543
Surging Chinese Espionage Targets U. S. Space Components
By Craig Covault
Chinese Fengyun-2 spin stabilized geosynchronous orbit weather satellite is placed in its Long March faring at the Xichang launch site in January 2012. Photo Credit: China Defense Mashup.com
The FBI is pursuing a growing number of Chinese agents trying to obtain and smuggle U. S. space system components into China for use in spacecraft being developed by the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA).
“Multiple cases of economic espionage and theft of dual use and military technology have uncovered pervasive Chinese collection activities”, Army Lt. Gen. Ronald L. Burgess Jr. Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) told the Senate Armed Services Committee Feb. 16.
“China has used its intelligence services to gather information via a significant network of agents and contacts utilizing a variety of methods to obtain U. S. technology to advance their defense industries, global command and control and strategic warfighting capabilities, the DIA director said in a formal Threat Assessment document and briefing to the Congress.
Key missile and stealth technology is also a target of increased Chinese espionage, Justice Dept prosecutions indicate.
Chinese economic espionage and smuggling has already involved secret technology from the Delta IV launch vehicle, space shuttle, the B-2 bomber and space radiation hardened components.
U. S. analysts agree that China is developing a broad range of new military spacecraft and that by smuggling in U. S. space components and designs is a way to increase the capability and reliability of these satellites.
Just this month a Chinese national was indicted by a federal grand jury in Colorado on charges of conspiracy and violations of the Munitions Control Act for allegedly attempting to ship to China hundreds of U. S. satellite computer chips packaged as baby formula.
The radiation hardened chips were bound for Shanghai, where they would have likely ended up inside spacecraft being developed by the PLA, according to documents involved in the case.
Rare image shows a Chinese Beidou navigation spacecraft being lowered into a vacuum chamber for testing. Photo Credit: China Defense Mashup.com
Chinese manufacturers have not yet mastered hardening microchips that are as well protected against space radiation as U. S. made chips. The lack of such protected circuits can be fatal to a spacecraft. For example, the Russians found that the recent failure their Phobos mission craft occurred because its circuits contained non radiation hardened chips.
The U. S. components involve in the most recent China case are radiation hardened “programmable read-only memory” (PROM) devices that facilitate the start-up of space based computer systems and also “static random access memory” (SRAM) devices to store information in space-based hard drives.
“China relies on foreign technology, acquisition of key dual-use components…to advance its military modernization,” says a 2011 Defense Dept. report to Congress.
China “also utilizes a large, well-organized network of enterprises, defense factories, affiliated research institutes, and computer network operations to facilitate the [smuggling] of sensitive U. S. information and export-controlled technology,” says the Defense Dept. report.
According to the grand jury indictment returned earlier this month in Colorado, federal investigators allege the man, Philip Chaohui He (aka Philip Hope) purchased more than 300 integrated circuits in May, 2011 from Aeroflex, a company in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Court papers state that Aeroflex employees grew suspicious of Mr. He’s motives for buying such components.
Mr. He planned to send the electronics to China in two shipments, one in July, 2011, and another in October, the indictment says.
According to the indictment, the first shipment allegedly contained the PROM computer chips. Mr. He allegedly smuggled those into China himself during the summer of 2011 by carrying them into Mexico with a co-conspirator, then flying them from Mexico City to Shanghai, federal authorities believe.
The second shipment that led to his arrest had the SRAM chips, the indictment says.
The indictment alleges that Mr. He drove to the port of Long Beach on Dec. 11, 2011 with the 200 radiation hardened SRAM integrated circuits worth nearly $550,000 in the trunk of his car. The chips were concealed in plastic infant formula containers inside five sealed boxes marked “baby milk powder” in Chinese, the indictment says.
The indictment alleges that at the port, Mr. He met two men, including one with a Chinese passport “in front of a docked ship bearing a Chinese flag. The Chinese flagged ship was registered to Zhenhua Port Machinery Co. Ltd. a subsidiary of the Chinese government owned corporation China Communications Construction”. The ship was scheduled to return to China in a few days.
After his arrest, he was extradited back to Colorado where if convicted he faces up to 35 years in prison and up to $1.5 million in fines on charges of conspiracy, attempted unlawful export and attempted smuggling of U. S. defense articles.
China’s most powerful satcom is the DFH-4 spacecraft bus. Photo Credit: China Defense Mashup.com
The Justice Dept. cited other cases of Chinese space component smuggling. Investigators from the FBI, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)and the Pentagon’s Defense Criminal Investigative Service (DCIS) have worked several recent important cases. They are:
Economic Espionage / Theft of Shuttle and Delta IV Secrets– According to the Justice Dept., NASA investigators and the FBI collaborated on the FBI arrest of Dongfan “Greg” Chung, a former Rockwell and Boeing engineer on charges of “economic espionage” and the shipment to China of restricted technology and Boeing trade secrets involving the space shuttle and the Delta IV launch vehicle. Chung has been sentenced to 15 years in prison and three years of close supervision after serving his term.
NASA and the FBI discovered that Chung served as an illegal agent of China for more than 30 years and kept more than 300,000 pages of Boeing secrets stashed in his home as part of his Chinese espionage mission. The Justice Dept. says the documents were shipped to China by mail, by ship and also routed by another U. S. based Chinese agent named Chi Mak. Shuttle and Delta IV secrets were also sent to China by diplomatic pouch from the Chinese Consulate in San Francisco, the Justice Dept. says. Chung also made several verbal briefings in China to government military and technology personnel.
More Radiation-Hardened Defense Components–On March 24, 2011, Lian Yang, a Chinese resident of Washington state, pleaded guilty to conspiring to violate the Arms Export Control Act by attempting to sell radiation hardened military and aerospace technology to China. Yang attempted to purchase and export from the United States to China 300 radiation-hardened, PROM programmable semiconductor devices that are used in satellites. The complaint alleges that Yang contemplated creating a shell company in the United States that would appear to be purchasing the parts, concealing the fact that the parts were to be shipped to China.
In another case, the Justice Dept says that two Chinese nationals, Hong Wei Xian, and Li Li, have pleaded guilty in federal court in Virginia for conspiring to violate the Arms Export Control Act by attempting to export more PROM circuits designed for satellite use. The pair is associated with the Beijing Space Science and Technology Development Company, China’s primary contractor for satellite and launch vehicle development. They have been sentenced to two years in prison.
Military Technical Data to China – Another Chinese man “Sixing Liu”, aka “Steve Liu,” of Deerfield, Ill., has been arrested in Chicago on a criminal charge of exporting defense-related technical data without a license. Liu, a native of China with a doctorate degree in electrical engineering, worked as a senior staff engineer for Space & Navigation, a New Jersey-based division of L-3 Communications.
He was part of a team that worked on precision navigation devices and other innovative components for the U.S. Defense Dept. In November 2010, he traveled to China and, upon his return to the United States later that month, federal inspectors found him to be in possession of a computer that contained hundreds of documents related to the company’s projects, as well as images of Liu making a presentation at a technology conference sponsored by the Chinese government. Many of the documents on his computer were marked as containing sensitive proprietary company information and/or export-controlled technical data which he carried into China and revealed to officials there.
Electronics Used in Military Radar & Electronic Warfare—In early 2011 Ms. Yufeing Wei was sentenced in the District of Massachusetts to 36 months in prison, while her co-defendant, Zhen Zhou Wu, was sentenced to 97 months in prison. Their company, Chitron Electronics, Inc. was fined $15.5 million. The pair and their company were convicted of conspiring for a period of more than ten years to illegally export sensitive U. S. components to China. They included military components and sensitive electronics used in military phased array radar, electronic warfare and missile systems. Several Chinese military entities were among those receiving the exported equipment, the Justice Dept. says.
Stealth Missile Exhaust Designs and B-2 bomber Data to China –Also in early 2011 a federal judge in the District of Hawaii sentenced Noshir Gowadia, 66, of Maui to 32 years in prison for communicating classified national defense information to China. Gowadia assisted the China in developing a low-signature cruise missile exhaust system capable of rendering a Chinese cruise missile resistant to detection by U. S. infrared missiles, the Defense Dept. report to Congress says. A jury also convicted Gowadia of three counts of illegally communicating classified information to China regarding lock-on range for infrared missiles that could be used to attack U.S. B-2 bombers. Gowadia was also convicted of unlawfully exporting classified information about the B-2, this country’s most highly classified aircraft.
Fattyacids
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I don't get one thing guys ....
Why is India so obsessed with useless space programs when millions of indians sleep without a roof above their heads
Because India has a serious inferiority complex to overcome.
jayron
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China sent a rocket that rammed into a village and killed thousands of people while its people were reeling in poverty and hunger. Did the chinese government do it on purpose to get rid of its poor in an elaborate fashion?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8_EnrVf9u8s
GR!FF!N
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well...for trollers who literally destroyed this thread......
http://www.defence.pk/forums/world-...archers-team-finds-endogenous-water-moon.html
@WebMaster @Aeronaut @jangibaaz @nuclearpak
time to clean up this thread..trolls are trolling over discovery of water in moon where thread is on Mars mission.please delete useless posts including mine...thanx.
http://www.defence.pk/forums/world-...archers-team-finds-endogenous-water-moon.html
@WebMaster @Aeronaut @jangibaaz @nuclearpak
time to clean up this thread..trolls are trolling over discovery of water in moon where thread is on Mars mission.please delete useless posts including mine...thanx.
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Fattyacids
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Accidents happen. Your point being?
Our space and missile program were driven by necessity if you know the threat china was facing in the 60's.
jayron
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your government sent rockets during severe famine. Was it to hide their inferiority complex too?
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