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Indian Space Capabilities
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domain-b.com : Chandrayaan-1 launch likely on 19 October
Chandrayaan-1 launch likely on 19 October news
18 September 2008
Mumbai: India's maiden moon mission, Chandrayaan-1, may lift off on 19 October from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh, provided the weather permits, scientists associated with the mission said.
''The tentative date is 19 October," ISRO officials said in Bangalore after completing all the work on the 590 kg spacecraft that will carry 11 payloads.
''We have completed the integration of the satellite,'' Chandrayaan-1 director M Annadurai said at ISRO Satellite Centre in Bangalore.
Chandrayaan-1, which will be launched using the indigenous Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), will carry payloads from the US, Britain, Germany, Sweden and Bulgaria apart from India's own.
The spacecraft will beam back digital elevation maps of the moon and its mineral concentration, as also carry out environmental studies and measure radioactivity on the lunar surface.
It will also look for traces of atomic elements such as radon, uranium and thorium.
The Chadrayaan-1 spacecraft would be shipped later this month to the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota for the launch.
The government, meanwhile, announced that it has approved a sequel to the Rs400 crore mission few years down the line.
''The union cabinet today gave its approval for undertaking lunar mission Chandrayaan-2 and upgrading the associated existing ground segment at a total cost of Rs425 crore,'' information and broadcasting minister P R Dasmunsi said in New Delhi after a cabinet meeting chaired by prime minister Manmohan Singh.
Chandrayaan-1 launch likely on 19 October news
18 September 2008
Mumbai: India's maiden moon mission, Chandrayaan-1, may lift off on 19 October from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh, provided the weather permits, scientists associated with the mission said.
''The tentative date is 19 October," ISRO officials said in Bangalore after completing all the work on the 590 kg spacecraft that will carry 11 payloads.
''We have completed the integration of the satellite,'' Chandrayaan-1 director M Annadurai said at ISRO Satellite Centre in Bangalore.
Chandrayaan-1, which will be launched using the indigenous Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), will carry payloads from the US, Britain, Germany, Sweden and Bulgaria apart from India's own.
The spacecraft will beam back digital elevation maps of the moon and its mineral concentration, as also carry out environmental studies and measure radioactivity on the lunar surface.
It will also look for traces of atomic elements such as radon, uranium and thorium.
The Chadrayaan-1 spacecraft would be shipped later this month to the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota for the launch.
The government, meanwhile, announced that it has approved a sequel to the Rs400 crore mission few years down the line.
''The union cabinet today gave its approval for undertaking lunar mission Chandrayaan-2 and upgrading the associated existing ground segment at a total cost of Rs425 crore,'' information and broadcasting minister P R Dasmunsi said in New Delhi after a cabinet meeting chaired by prime minister Manmohan Singh.
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Hehe...my Birthday-19th October!
Marshal
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Sorry malay.......
Chandrayaan-1 launch on Oct 22
Bangalore, September 18 Come November 8, India’s space programme could have its first ever date with the moon.
Five years after the Government cleared the project, ISRO announced on Thursday that it is all set to launch the country’s first unmanned mission to the moon and unveiled the spacecraft — Chandrayaan-1, fully loaded with its six Indian and five foreign scientific instruments— at its satellite centre.
The spacecraft is scheduled for launch on October 22 with a window fixed between October 19 and October 28. It will make an entry into the lunar atmosphere for a two-year mission. The window is, however, subject to Chandrayaan-1 clearing the vibration and acoustic tolerance tests over the next week before it is shipped to Sriharikota for integration with its launch vehicle the PSLV-XL. “The flesh and bone is ready,” said ISRO moon mission director M Annadurai. It has cleared a major hurdle in the form of extreme temperature tests (thermo vacuum test) over the past fortnight. Now its launch is dependent on weather factors, said Annadurai.
“Weather is a key issue. We are watching for forecasts closer to the tentative launch dates. On the east coast there are worries over weather at this time of the year,” Annadurai added. Chandrayaan-1 would take approximately eight days to course the nearly 3,86,000 km to get to its final orbit — 100 km from the moon. Chandrayaan-1 launch on Oct 22
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nitesh
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India to offer a site for international gamma-ray telescope- ET Cetera-News By Industry-News-The Economic Times
India plans to offer an astronomical site at Hanle in Leh for an international collaboration which is exploring the possibility of setting up two large gamma-ray telescope arrays in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, a senior astronomer said.
The international collaboration is planning Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) in both the hemispheres to enhance the understanding of the high energy Universe, Prof Ramesh Koul, Head, Astrophysical Sciences Division of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), said.
They are expected to be operational by 2018 enabling a 24x7 observation of the universe, Koul said at a public lecture series 'Vistas' in Astronomy at Nehru Planetarium here.
In keeping with global efforts, the Himalayan Gamma-ray Observatory (HiGRO) is being set up jointly by scientists of Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre at the high altitude (4,200 m above sea level) astronomical site at Hanle.
This observatory will deploy a wave-front sampling telescope array which is presently at an advanced stage of commissioning and the large area MACE (Major Atmospheric Cherenkov Experiment) telescope.
The MACE telescope, which is presently at an advanced design stage, will use the state-of-the-art technology to configure a 21m diametre tracking light collector with a 1408 pixel imaging camera at its focal plane.
India plans to offer an astronomical site at Hanle in Leh for an international collaboration which is exploring the possibility of setting up two large gamma-ray telescope arrays in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, a senior astronomer said.
The international collaboration is planning Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) in both the hemispheres to enhance the understanding of the high energy Universe, Prof Ramesh Koul, Head, Astrophysical Sciences Division of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), said.
They are expected to be operational by 2018 enabling a 24x7 observation of the universe, Koul said at a public lecture series 'Vistas' in Astronomy at Nehru Planetarium here.
In keeping with global efforts, the Himalayan Gamma-ray Observatory (HiGRO) is being set up jointly by scientists of Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre at the high altitude (4,200 m above sea level) astronomical site at Hanle.
This observatory will deploy a wave-front sampling telescope array which is presently at an advanced stage of commissioning and the large area MACE (Major Atmospheric Cherenkov Experiment) telescope.
The MACE telescope, which is presently at an advanced design stage, will use the state-of-the-art technology to configure a 21m diametre tracking light collector with a 1408 pixel imaging camera at its focal plane.
nitesh
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Moon Mission In Dec If ISRO Misses October Date
Satish Dhawan spaceport at Sriharikota.
New Delhi, India (PTI) Sep 22, 2008
India's maiden moon mission could begin its space odyssey in December if it misses its earliest launch window of October 19-26, former ISRO chief Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan has said.
The cyclone season in the Bay of Bengal extends all through November which rules out the possibility of space launches, he said.
Chandrayaan-I, which is being assembled at the ISRO Satellite Centre in Bangalore, will be launched from the Satish Dhawan spaceport at Sriharikota on the eastern coast.
The spacecraft, which will orbit the moon at a distance of 100 km, was unveiled in Bangalore last week. It is yet to undergo vibration and acoustic tests.
For the vibration test, the spacecraft integrated with all its components would be put through a simulated environment similar to the vibrations emitted while being launched by the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle.
The acoustic test would simulate sound equivalent to 10 jet engines to ensure integrity of systems and to ensure that noise does not create any disturbance or affect the functioning of any component.
"The mission is progressing as per the strict timeline," said Kasturirangan, who got the mission going when he was at the helm of affairs at the Indian Space Research Organisation.
Chandrayaan is devoted to high resolution remote sensing of lunar surface features and is expected to have an operational life of two years.
The indigenously made spacecraft would carry 11 payloads, six from international organisations like NASA and ESA, and five from India.
The main objectives of the mission are to carry out high resolution mapping of the lunar topography in 3D, distribution of various minerals and elemental chemical species including radioactive nucleides covering the lunar surface using a set of remote sensing instruments.
The new set of data would help in unravelling mysteries about the origin and evolution of solar system in general and that of moon in particular.
The areas of study of the spacecraft include high resolution mineralogical and chemical imaging of permanently shadowed north and south polar regions.
It would also search for surface, sub-surface water-ice on the moon, specially at lunar poles.
Chandrayaan-I is expected to be shipped to Sriharikota by end of the month, where it will undergo further tests before the launch.
Source: Press Trust of India
Satish Dhawan spaceport at Sriharikota.
New Delhi, India (PTI) Sep 22, 2008
India's maiden moon mission could begin its space odyssey in December if it misses its earliest launch window of October 19-26, former ISRO chief Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan has said.
The cyclone season in the Bay of Bengal extends all through November which rules out the possibility of space launches, he said.
Chandrayaan-I, which is being assembled at the ISRO Satellite Centre in Bangalore, will be launched from the Satish Dhawan spaceport at Sriharikota on the eastern coast.
The spacecraft, which will orbit the moon at a distance of 100 km, was unveiled in Bangalore last week. It is yet to undergo vibration and acoustic tests.
For the vibration test, the spacecraft integrated with all its components would be put through a simulated environment similar to the vibrations emitted while being launched by the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle.
The acoustic test would simulate sound equivalent to 10 jet engines to ensure integrity of systems and to ensure that noise does not create any disturbance or affect the functioning of any component.
"The mission is progressing as per the strict timeline," said Kasturirangan, who got the mission going when he was at the helm of affairs at the Indian Space Research Organisation.
Chandrayaan is devoted to high resolution remote sensing of lunar surface features and is expected to have an operational life of two years.
The indigenously made spacecraft would carry 11 payloads, six from international organisations like NASA and ESA, and five from India.
The main objectives of the mission are to carry out high resolution mapping of the lunar topography in 3D, distribution of various minerals and elemental chemical species including radioactive nucleides covering the lunar surface using a set of remote sensing instruments.
The new set of data would help in unravelling mysteries about the origin and evolution of solar system in general and that of moon in particular.
The areas of study of the spacecraft include high resolution mineralogical and chemical imaging of permanently shadowed north and south polar regions.
It would also search for surface, sub-surface water-ice on the moon, specially at lunar poles.
Chandrayaan-I is expected to be shipped to Sriharikota by end of the month, where it will undergo further tests before the launch.
Source: Press Trust of India
nitesh
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Indian airspace management headed for sea change- Airlines / Aviation-Transportation-News By Industry-News-The Economic Times
Indian airspace management headed for sea change
23 Sep, 2008, 1442 hrs IST, PTI
NEW DELHI: Indian airspace management would undergo a sea change in the next few years with the implementation of a slew of measures, like a satellite-based air navigation system, for seamless and cost-effective use of the skies by civilian and military aircraft.
As part of the steps being taken by various agencies, the Indian Air Force is already in the process of reviewing the 'Restricted' and 'Dangerous' air zones in a bid to expand areas for civilian air traffic, official sources said here.
"We are moving ahead step by step. One after the other recommendations of a high-level technical committee are being taken up for implementation," the sources said.
When contacted, Director General of Civil Aviation Kanu Gohain said "as far as we are concerned, we have implemented the flexi-use of airspace. Now, the next steps in this direction are being taken by the military authorities."
Two weeks ago, the Union Cabinet had approved the implementation of GPS-aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) system at an estimated cost of Rs 774 crore to enable satellite coverage of the entire Indian sky, including the oceanic airspace around it.
GAGAN, being developed by the Airports Authority of India and the Indian Space Research Organisation, would make India the fourth in the world after the US, Japan and the European Union to have such a system. The GAGAN would depend on 29 satellites giving GPS coverage to provide seamless navigation to aircraft using the Indian airspace.
The project, to be operationalised by May 2011, would provide straight-line fuel-efficient routes and precision approach landings, thereby reducing fuel burn substantially.
Indian airspace management headed for sea change
23 Sep, 2008, 1442 hrs IST, PTI
NEW DELHI: Indian airspace management would undergo a sea change in the next few years with the implementation of a slew of measures, like a satellite-based air navigation system, for seamless and cost-effective use of the skies by civilian and military aircraft.
As part of the steps being taken by various agencies, the Indian Air Force is already in the process of reviewing the 'Restricted' and 'Dangerous' air zones in a bid to expand areas for civilian air traffic, official sources said here.
"We are moving ahead step by step. One after the other recommendations of a high-level technical committee are being taken up for implementation," the sources said.
When contacted, Director General of Civil Aviation Kanu Gohain said "as far as we are concerned, we have implemented the flexi-use of airspace. Now, the next steps in this direction are being taken by the military authorities."
Two weeks ago, the Union Cabinet had approved the implementation of GPS-aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) system at an estimated cost of Rs 774 crore to enable satellite coverage of the entire Indian sky, including the oceanic airspace around it.
GAGAN, being developed by the Airports Authority of India and the Indian Space Research Organisation, would make India the fourth in the world after the US, Japan and the European Union to have such a system. The GAGAN would depend on 29 satellites giving GPS coverage to provide seamless navigation to aircraft using the Indian airspace.
The project, to be operationalised by May 2011, would provide straight-line fuel-efficient routes and precision approach landings, thereby reducing fuel burn substantially.
nitesh
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With He-3 on mind, India gets ready for lunar mission- ET Cetera-News By Industry-News-The Economic Times
With He-3 on mind, India gets ready for lunar mission
BANGALORE: Indian space scientists expect to map the lunar surface for the helium-3 (He-3) mineral to fuel nuclear power plants and frozen water as they make final preparations for India’s mission to the moon, expected to blast off next month.
Non-radioactive He-3 is scarce on earth but believed to be abundant on earth’s natural satellite and is seen as a promising fuel for advanced fusion reactors to generate power. The Chandrayaan-I mission is tentatively scheduled for launch between October 19 and 28.
The 575-kg spacecraft will be transported to the moon by a modified version of India’s main rocket, the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle. “The mission will help us locate He-3, which has the potential to produce a large amount of energy. It is expected that in a few years we can transport it from the moon to run nuclear plants and generate electricity,” the director of the Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) satellite centre T K Alex said.
The satellite is in the final stages testing and it will be transported to the launch pad at Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh. It will carry a total of 11 instruments, including six from India, two from the US and one each from Bulgaria, Germany and the UK. The satellite, which will orbit the moon from 100 km above, will jettison a ‘moon impact probe’ to slam into the lunar surface to help explore it from a close range.
“Probably 10 years from now fusion reactors which can use He-3 will be available. Our second mission to the moon, Chandrayaan-II, will also have a lunar lander and help us collect samples of the mineral. The government has given clearance for Chandrayaan-II and we will start the mission as soon as Chandrayaan-I is completed,” Chandrayaan project chief Mylswamy Annadurai said. Programme director (satellite navigation)Surendra Pal said a couple of tonnes of He-3 would be enough to meet the energy needs of the world.
“In the next 40 years, it will be possible to transport it to the earth,” he said. Besides He-3, India’s first moon mission will also search for important minerals like titanium, uranium- 238 and possibility water. “Chandrayaan will look for large craters which have never been exposed to sun light. They are potential sites for frozen water, which is great subject of interest for humans,” the head of ISRO’s astronomy and instrumentation division Sree Kumar said.
With He-3 on mind, India gets ready for lunar mission
BANGALORE: Indian space scientists expect to map the lunar surface for the helium-3 (He-3) mineral to fuel nuclear power plants and frozen water as they make final preparations for India’s mission to the moon, expected to blast off next month.
Non-radioactive He-3 is scarce on earth but believed to be abundant on earth’s natural satellite and is seen as a promising fuel for advanced fusion reactors to generate power. The Chandrayaan-I mission is tentatively scheduled for launch between October 19 and 28.
The 575-kg spacecraft will be transported to the moon by a modified version of India’s main rocket, the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle. “The mission will help us locate He-3, which has the potential to produce a large amount of energy. It is expected that in a few years we can transport it from the moon to run nuclear plants and generate electricity,” the director of the Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) satellite centre T K Alex said.
The satellite is in the final stages testing and it will be transported to the launch pad at Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh. It will carry a total of 11 instruments, including six from India, two from the US and one each from Bulgaria, Germany and the UK. The satellite, which will orbit the moon from 100 km above, will jettison a ‘moon impact probe’ to slam into the lunar surface to help explore it from a close range.
“Probably 10 years from now fusion reactors which can use He-3 will be available. Our second mission to the moon, Chandrayaan-II, will also have a lunar lander and help us collect samples of the mineral. The government has given clearance for Chandrayaan-II and we will start the mission as soon as Chandrayaan-I is completed,” Chandrayaan project chief Mylswamy Annadurai said. Programme director (satellite navigation)Surendra Pal said a couple of tonnes of He-3 would be enough to meet the energy needs of the world.
“In the next 40 years, it will be possible to transport it to the earth,” he said. Besides He-3, India’s first moon mission will also search for important minerals like titanium, uranium- 238 and possibility water. “Chandrayaan will look for large craters which have never been exposed to sun light. They are potential sites for frozen water, which is great subject of interest for humans,” the head of ISRO’s astronomy and instrumentation division Sree Kumar said.
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http://spacespin.org/article.php/80957-europe-set-for-chandrayaan-1
Europe all set for lunar mission Chandrayaan-1
Europe is participating in a big way in the Indian Space Agency’s Chandrayaan-1 mission to the Moon, by contributing three instruments. All these instruments have now been delivered, tested and integrated with the spacecraft.
The Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft is now at the Indian Space Research Organisation, ISRO’s facilities in Bangalore, India. Delivery for each instrument is completed once the hardware physically arrives, has been integrated with the spacecraft, and the software interfaces are checked.
SIR-2, a near-infrared spectrometer was delivered in the first week of November last year. SARA, Sub-kilo electron volt Atom Reflecting Analyser, was delivered on 8 April 2008. Europe’s contribution is now complete as the Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer (C1XS), the third instrument, was tested and integrated with the spacecraft on 22 August.
SIR-2 will survey the Moon’s geological composition and the effect of space weathering on its surface. Data from the instrument will be used to study the formation of the structures that exist on the Moon. SIR-2 is led by the Max-Planck Institute for Solar System science.
This instrument builds upon the infrared spectrometer (SIR), which flew on SMART-1. The combination of the improvements made and the low orbit of Chandrayaan-1 will enable superior scientific measurements.
SARA, led by the Swedish Institute of Space Physics, and developed with hardware contribution from the Space Physics Laboratory at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, India, will measure the resulting atomic emission from interactions of the solar wind with the Moon’s surface.
“The experience with SARA will prepare us for a similar instrument on BepiColombo,” says Christian Erd, ESA’s Chandrayaan-1 Project Manager.
X-ray Spectroscopy of the Moon, the objective of C1XS, will yield information on the origin and evolution of our planet’s natural satellite. C1XS builds upon the legacy of the D-CIXS instrument that flew on board SMART-1, and consists of significant upgrades based on the experience gained with ESA’s lunar mission.
C1XS has been developed in collaboration between Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK and the ISRO Satellite Centre, with support from ESA.
Erd added, “SARA follows up on instruments used on board Mars and Venus Express and will be the first instrument to study plasma-surface interactions, while SIR-2 and C1XS build upon the legacy of SMART-1. The lessons we have learnt through experience will be put to good use with Chandrayaan-1.”
Chandrayaan-1’s low orbit will bring it very close to the Moon, returning data of a high quality.
“European scientists will have the fantastic opportunity to continue our work on the Moon,” added Detlef Koschny, ESA Chandrayaan-1 Project Scientist.
The integration of all instruments of the Chandrayaan-1 mission is now complete and validation tests to check the functionality of the spacecraft and the suite of instruments are underway.
Europe all set for lunar mission Chandrayaan-1
Europe is participating in a big way in the Indian Space Agency’s Chandrayaan-1 mission to the Moon, by contributing three instruments. All these instruments have now been delivered, tested and integrated with the spacecraft.
The Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft is now at the Indian Space Research Organisation, ISRO’s facilities in Bangalore, India. Delivery for each instrument is completed once the hardware physically arrives, has been integrated with the spacecraft, and the software interfaces are checked.
SIR-2, a near-infrared spectrometer was delivered in the first week of November last year. SARA, Sub-kilo electron volt Atom Reflecting Analyser, was delivered on 8 April 2008. Europe’s contribution is now complete as the Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer (C1XS), the third instrument, was tested and integrated with the spacecraft on 22 August.
SIR-2 will survey the Moon’s geological composition and the effect of space weathering on its surface. Data from the instrument will be used to study the formation of the structures that exist on the Moon. SIR-2 is led by the Max-Planck Institute for Solar System science.
This instrument builds upon the infrared spectrometer (SIR), which flew on SMART-1. The combination of the improvements made and the low orbit of Chandrayaan-1 will enable superior scientific measurements.
SARA, led by the Swedish Institute of Space Physics, and developed with hardware contribution from the Space Physics Laboratory at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, India, will measure the resulting atomic emission from interactions of the solar wind with the Moon’s surface.
“The experience with SARA will prepare us for a similar instrument on BepiColombo,” says Christian Erd, ESA’s Chandrayaan-1 Project Manager.
X-ray Spectroscopy of the Moon, the objective of C1XS, will yield information on the origin and evolution of our planet’s natural satellite. C1XS builds upon the legacy of the D-CIXS instrument that flew on board SMART-1, and consists of significant upgrades based on the experience gained with ESA’s lunar mission.
C1XS has been developed in collaboration between Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK and the ISRO Satellite Centre, with support from ESA.
Erd added, “SARA follows up on instruments used on board Mars and Venus Express and will be the first instrument to study plasma-surface interactions, while SIR-2 and C1XS build upon the legacy of SMART-1. The lessons we have learnt through experience will be put to good use with Chandrayaan-1.”
Chandrayaan-1’s low orbit will bring it very close to the Moon, returning data of a high quality.
“European scientists will have the fantastic opportunity to continue our work on the Moon,” added Detlef Koschny, ESA Chandrayaan-1 Project Scientist.
The integration of all instruments of the Chandrayaan-1 mission is now complete and validation tests to check the functionality of the spacecraft and the suite of instruments are underway.
nitesh
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Orbital Vehicle
Design of an Indian manned spacecraft began in October 2006. Dependent on a full funding decision at the end of 2008, planned first flight of the two-man capsule was 2015.
An initial funding of $23 million was provided for 2007-2008 for concept work on the capsule, spacesuits, and mission simulation. Full funding of $2.2 billion would have to be approved by the end of 2008 in order to make the 2015 operational date. Estimates in 2006, perhaps more realistic, had been that the program would cost $4.3 billion and take eight years.
ISRO had launched and recovered the 550-kg Space Recovery Capsule in January 2007. The full-scale manned capsule was said to be derived from this, although ISRO's published concept showed a more elongated conical shape than the SRE. The launch vehicle would be a version of India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark 2, with a structurally-strengthened upper stage to accommodate the heavier low-earth-orbit manned capsule as opposed to the lighter standard geosynchronous-transfer-orbit satellite payload.
A crew of two to three was mentioned. Although ISS orbital capability of the GSLV Mark 2 was 4.6 metric tons, a spacecraft mass of 2.5 to 3.0 metric tons was mentioned - perhaps this was the capsule only. The illustration showed a main engine and smaller orientation engines arranged in a light package around the base of the capsule, indicating an earth-orbit maneuvering capability was to be included. The nose was free for a docking mechanism, but primary entry was evidently through a side hatch secured by explosive bolts.
India would receive assistance in crew selection and training from Russia under an agreement signed between the two countries in March 2008. One option being studied would be flight of an Indian astronaut aboard a Soyuz capsule by 2012 in preparation for the Indian mission.
India's schedule was ambitious under any circumstances, and even if funding materialized, its history of performance on other indigenous aerospace programs made it unlikely that the capsule would fly before 2020. Earliest accounts had mentioned a manned flight to the moon. This would be possible at the low end of the indicated payload range, 2500 kg, within the payload capability of an improved GSLV, and perhaps account for the lightweight capsule plus modest propulsion package shown in the ISRO illustration.
Crew Size: 3. Typical orbit: 400 km circular orbit. Length: 3.30 m (10.80 ft). Basic Diameter: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Mass: 4,500 kg (9,900 lb).
Design of an Indian manned spacecraft began in October 2006. Dependent on a full funding decision at the end of 2008, planned first flight of the two-man capsule was 2015.
An initial funding of $23 million was provided for 2007-2008 for concept work on the capsule, spacesuits, and mission simulation. Full funding of $2.2 billion would have to be approved by the end of 2008 in order to make the 2015 operational date. Estimates in 2006, perhaps more realistic, had been that the program would cost $4.3 billion and take eight years.
ISRO had launched and recovered the 550-kg Space Recovery Capsule in January 2007. The full-scale manned capsule was said to be derived from this, although ISRO's published concept showed a more elongated conical shape than the SRE. The launch vehicle would be a version of India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark 2, with a structurally-strengthened upper stage to accommodate the heavier low-earth-orbit manned capsule as opposed to the lighter standard geosynchronous-transfer-orbit satellite payload.
A crew of two to three was mentioned. Although ISS orbital capability of the GSLV Mark 2 was 4.6 metric tons, a spacecraft mass of 2.5 to 3.0 metric tons was mentioned - perhaps this was the capsule only. The illustration showed a main engine and smaller orientation engines arranged in a light package around the base of the capsule, indicating an earth-orbit maneuvering capability was to be included. The nose was free for a docking mechanism, but primary entry was evidently through a side hatch secured by explosive bolts.
India would receive assistance in crew selection and training from Russia under an agreement signed between the two countries in March 2008. One option being studied would be flight of an Indian astronaut aboard a Soyuz capsule by 2012 in preparation for the Indian mission.
India's schedule was ambitious under any circumstances, and even if funding materialized, its history of performance on other indigenous aerospace programs made it unlikely that the capsule would fly before 2020. Earliest accounts had mentioned a manned flight to the moon. This would be possible at the low end of the indicated payload range, 2500 kg, within the payload capability of an improved GSLV, and perhaps account for the lightweight capsule plus modest propulsion package shown in the ISRO illustration.
Crew Size: 3. Typical orbit: 400 km circular orbit. Length: 3.30 m (10.80 ft). Basic Diameter: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Mass: 4,500 kg (9,900 lb).
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EADS Astrium, ISRO deal likely Tuesday
29 Sep 2008
PARIS, Sept 29 (Reuters) - EADS unit EADS Astrium and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) are likely to sign a satellite launch deal on Tuesday, an Astrium spokesman said. "There will probably be a signature tomorrow," the spokesman said. The deal would be signed as part of a France-India summit at the Elysee Palace, President Nicolas Sarkozy's official residence in Paris. The agreement is expected to cover launches of small satellites made by Astrium using ISRO launchers. (Reporting by Emmanuel Jarry; Editing by Quentin Bryar) Keywords: EADS ASTRIUM/INDIA tf.TFN-Europe_newsdesk@thomsonreuters.com cmr COPYRIGHT Copyright Thomson Financial News Limited 2008. All rights reserved.
The copying, republication or redistribution of Thomson Financial News Content, including by framing or similar means, is expressly prohibited without the prior written consent of Thomson Financial News.
EADS Astrium, ISRO deal likely Tuesday -spokesman - News - CNBC.com
29 Sep 2008
PARIS, Sept 29 (Reuters) - EADS unit EADS Astrium and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) are likely to sign a satellite launch deal on Tuesday, an Astrium spokesman said. "There will probably be a signature tomorrow," the spokesman said. The deal would be signed as part of a France-India summit at the Elysee Palace, President Nicolas Sarkozy's official residence in Paris. The agreement is expected to cover launches of small satellites made by Astrium using ISRO launchers. (Reporting by Emmanuel Jarry; Editing by Quentin Bryar) Keywords: EADS ASTRIUM/INDIA tf.TFN-Europe_newsdesk@thomsonreuters.com cmr COPYRIGHT Copyright Thomson Financial News Limited 2008. All rights reserved.
The copying, republication or redistribution of Thomson Financial News Content, including by framing or similar means, is expressly prohibited without the prior written consent of Thomson Financial News.
EADS Astrium, ISRO deal likely Tuesday -spokesman - News - CNBC.com
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Chandrayaan-1 taking final tests
Chandrayaan-1 will be married up with PSLV on October 12 or 13
Launch likely on October 19 or 20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHENNAI: Work in different centres of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is gathering speed for the launch of Chandrayaan-1 at 6.20 a.m. on October 22 from India’s spaceport at Sriharikota.
The tall and elegant Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C11) that will put Chandrayaan-1 in orbit is fully integrated at Sriharikota’s second launch pad. After having sailed through thermal and vacuum tests which simulated the conditions in deep space, Chandrayaan-1 is coursing through the final stages of vibration tests at the ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC) in Bangalore to determine the integrity of its systems.
At Byalalu village, 40 km from Bangalore, two massive dish antennae, one with a 32-metre diameter and the other with a diameter of 18 metres, are ready to track Chandrayaan-1 during its 3.84-lakh km. odyssey to the moon, send commands and receive information on its health.
Chandrayaan-1 will carry 11 instruments – five from India and six from other countries – to study the minerals and chemistry on the moon’s surface from an altitude of 100 km above. “The vehicle is totally ready,” declared George Koshy, Mission Director. “Some tests are going on. Everything is in good shape.”
Mr. Koshy said Chandrayaan-1 would be married up with the PSLV on October 12 or 13 after the spacecraft arrived at Sriharikota from Bangalore in the first week of October. “We would like to launch on October 22. But a date before October 22… October 19th or 20th is my target.” The PSLV-C11 is fully integrated in the 83-metre tall (the height of a 26-storey building) Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) of the second launch pad. It stands majestically on a huge mobile pedestal, with platforms surrounding the four stages of the rocket. The PSLV-C11, which weighs 316 tonnes and is 44.4 metres tall, will be wheeled very slowly on its pedestal from the VAB to the launch pad some days before the launch.
The mood is equally upbeat at the ISAC. “Vibration tests of the spacecraft are going on at the shake-table,” M. Annadurai, Project Director, Chandrayaan-1, said on Monday. “They started on October 25th evening. Things are under control.” The tests involved 120 accelerometers.
Mr. Annadurai said:
“It is not just putting the spacecraft on the table and vibrating it. We have to ensure that all accelerometers’ results are within limits.
“When the vibration is taking place, accelerometers will provide information on what is the response from each one of the instruments from the spacecraft. We will keep Chandrayaan in different orientations on the shake-table and test it. The vibration tests will ensure the integrity of the spacecraft.”
Now Chandrayaan-1 will be subjected to high levels of noise, simulating what happens when the rocket climbs up with the spacecraft.
Both the 32-metre and 18-metre dish antennae would be used, said S.K. Shivakumar, Director, ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network, Bangalore. “It is good to have two antennae.” The Control Centre, which will be the nerve centre of the Chandrayaan mission, was ready, he said. “Everything is focussed.”
The Hindu : National : Chandrayaan-1 taking final tests
Chandrayaan-1 will be married up with PSLV on October 12 or 13
Launch likely on October 19 or 20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHENNAI: Work in different centres of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is gathering speed for the launch of Chandrayaan-1 at 6.20 a.m. on October 22 from India’s spaceport at Sriharikota.
The tall and elegant Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C11) that will put Chandrayaan-1 in orbit is fully integrated at Sriharikota’s second launch pad. After having sailed through thermal and vacuum tests which simulated the conditions in deep space, Chandrayaan-1 is coursing through the final stages of vibration tests at the ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC) in Bangalore to determine the integrity of its systems.
At Byalalu village, 40 km from Bangalore, two massive dish antennae, one with a 32-metre diameter and the other with a diameter of 18 metres, are ready to track Chandrayaan-1 during its 3.84-lakh km. odyssey to the moon, send commands and receive information on its health.
Chandrayaan-1 will carry 11 instruments – five from India and six from other countries – to study the minerals and chemistry on the moon’s surface from an altitude of 100 km above. “The vehicle is totally ready,” declared George Koshy, Mission Director. “Some tests are going on. Everything is in good shape.”
Mr. Koshy said Chandrayaan-1 would be married up with the PSLV on October 12 or 13 after the spacecraft arrived at Sriharikota from Bangalore in the first week of October. “We would like to launch on October 22. But a date before October 22… October 19th or 20th is my target.” The PSLV-C11 is fully integrated in the 83-metre tall (the height of a 26-storey building) Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) of the second launch pad. It stands majestically on a huge mobile pedestal, with platforms surrounding the four stages of the rocket. The PSLV-C11, which weighs 316 tonnes and is 44.4 metres tall, will be wheeled very slowly on its pedestal from the VAB to the launch pad some days before the launch.
The mood is equally upbeat at the ISAC. “Vibration tests of the spacecraft are going on at the shake-table,” M. Annadurai, Project Director, Chandrayaan-1, said on Monday. “They started on October 25th evening. Things are under control.” The tests involved 120 accelerometers.
Mr. Annadurai said:
“It is not just putting the spacecraft on the table and vibrating it. We have to ensure that all accelerometers’ results are within limits.
“When the vibration is taking place, accelerometers will provide information on what is the response from each one of the instruments from the spacecraft. We will keep Chandrayaan in different orientations on the shake-table and test it. The vibration tests will ensure the integrity of the spacecraft.”
Now Chandrayaan-1 will be subjected to high levels of noise, simulating what happens when the rocket climbs up with the spacecraft.
Both the 32-metre and 18-metre dish antennae would be used, said S.K. Shivakumar, Director, ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network, Bangalore. “It is good to have two antennae.” The Control Centre, which will be the nerve centre of the Chandrayaan mission, was ready, he said. “Everything is focussed.”
The Hindu : National : Chandrayaan-1 taking final tests
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India, US, Sweden, Canada these names I remember need to check on my sources will let you know
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