Indian Nuclear History.

[Cisco-GUY]

Here is the thread

http://www.defence.pk/forums/wmd-missiles/38861-act-nuclear-proliferation.html

 

[Kinetic]

In 1974, India became the first and only country in the world to explode an atomic bomb made from materials imported for peaceful nuclear purposes.



A glimpse of foreigner input in Indian nuclear program.

Are you innocent? From that site only...

India and Pakistan: New Missiles Increase the Risk of Nuclear War

"Pakistan's quest for the bomb began after its humiliating defeat in the 1971 war with India. After India tested a bomb in 1974, Pakistan mounted a worldwide campaign to acquire nuclear bomb components and production equipment through both open and clandestine means. Pakistan Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's words on the subject have become famous: "If India builds the bomb, we will eat grass or leaves, even go hungry. But we will get one of our own." And Pakistan succeeded by turning to foreign suppliers, especially China. China's shocking contribution to Pakistan's effort was uncovered by U.S. intelligence in the early 1980s: China had supplied Pakistan with the complete design of a tested nuclear weapon."

http://www.wisconsinproject.org/countries/pakistan/pak-help-pu-tritium.html

The former head of Pakistan's Atomic Energy Commission, Munir Ahmad Khan, claims the reactor at Khusab is being built by Pakistani scientists without foreign expertise. U.S. officials however say China is helping, and a Pentagon study confirms that Pakistan has "limited capability" to build a reactor on its own.

http://www.wisconsinproject.org/countries/pakistan/missiles.html

The program is almost entirely imported, despite official Pakistani claims to the contrary. Most recently, Pakistan has received assistance from the People's Republic of China and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). Pakistan's limited scientific and industrial base has forced it to rely on continuous outside help. Pakistan possesses both the 300 km M-11 (Hatf III) missile acquired from China and the 1000 km Nodong (Ghauri) missile bought from North Korea. Pakistan has also imported plants to manufacture these missiles.

Ghauri

The most recent development in Pakistan's ballistic missile program was the flight testing of the Ghauri (Hatf-V) missile in April 1998. The Ghauri is liquid-fueled and is Pakistan's imported version of the North Korean Nodong, itself a fancy Scud.

M-11

The Rumsfeld Commission confirmed that complete M-11 missiles were sent to Pakistan from China. Pakistan has reportedly received more than 30 M-11s, which have been observed in boxes at Pakistan's Sargodha Air Force Base west of Lahore. Pakistan calls the M-11 the Hatf-III.

http://www.wisconsinproject.org/countries/pakistan/khan.html

Pakistan: Nuclear Helpers

Belgium

Supplied New Labs plutonium extraction plant

Canada

Supplied Kanupp power reactor including fuel and spare parts until 1976

China

Supplied a tested bomb design and high-enriched uranium fuel
Supplied special magnets to help gas centrifuges enrich uranium
Building a power reactor and training technicians at Chashma despite de facto international nuclear supply embargo
Helping to build a secret plutonium producing reactor at Khusab
Supplied tritium that could help increase bomb yields

France

Designed Chashma plutonium extraction plant
Contracted to renovate controls at Kanupp

Germany

Supplied nuclear fuel fabrication equipment and technology, including high-powered welding and drilling lasers
Supplied factory to make uranium hexafluoride used at Kahuta enrichment plant
Sold electronic components to control gas centrifuges
Exported "preforms" for gas centrifuge scoops for Kahuta enrichment plant
Supplied natural lithium, useful in making tritium for boosted nuclear weapons
Set up tritium gas purification plant and provided a small amount of tritium for testing
Supplied information for design and construction of secret research reactor

Netherlands

Source of centrifuge design, materials and manufacturing equipment secretly procured by Dr. A.Q. Khan

Norway

Sold computers and software useful in nuclear weapon design

Sweden

Supplied flash X-ray machines, useful in nuclear weapon development

Switzerland

Supplied components for centrifuge enrichment plant
Supplied high vacuum valves and gasification and solidification units

United States

Supplied Pakistan's first research reactor and fuel which Pakistan used for secret experiments in tritium production

http://www.wisconsinproject.org/countries/pakistan/nukehelpers.htm

 

[jbond197]

Another thread started by Growler based on Garbage Wisconsin project reports which even claimed SLV3 was an exact copy of Scout and which has been trashed in other thread posted by Mr Growler.

It's laughable to see how people are so so desperate to prove a point that they end up with some garbage sources.

 

[Cisco-GUY]

Growler and his ing threads .

Let revise some Pak Nuke history.

1974: AQ Khan steals Zippe-type centrifuge technology from Neatherlands.
1980: Pak offer china centrifuge tech
1988: Pak buys nukes from China, also china sends in lots of enriched Uranium to thank Pak.
1990: Pak buys missiles from China
1995: AQ Khan ki chori pakdi gayi
1998: Chagai Test
1998: AQ Khan tried selling bomb to Iraq
2003: Libya and Iran reveal the truth that AQ Khan had sold them nukes and had been trying to strike a deal since 89.
2004: Maafi mangi
2008: AQ Khan reveals that Mush was also involved in proliferation
2008: Saare chor nikle.

History complete.

BTW, this was my 1000th post.

No need to write so much. This is from Growler source itself

Pakistan: Nuclear Helpers

Belgium

Supplied New Labs plutonium extraction plant

Canada

Supplied Kanupp power reactor including fuel and spare parts until 1976

China

Supplied a tested bomb design and high-enriched uranium fuel
Supplied special magnets to help gas centrifuges enrich uranium
Building a power reactor and training technicians at Chashma despite de facto international nuclear supply embargo
Helping to build a secret plutonium producing reactor at Khusab
Supplied tritium that could help increase bomb yields

France

Designed Chashma plutonium extraction plant
Contracted to renovate controls at Kanupp

Germany

Supplied nuclear fuel fabrication equipment and technology, including high-powered welding and drilling lasers
Supplied factory to make uranium hexafluoride used at Kahuta enrichment plant
Sold electronic components to control gas centrifuges
Exported "preforms" for gas centrifuge scoops for Kahuta enrichment plant
Supplied natural lithium, useful in making tritium for boosted nuclear weapons
Set up tritium gas purification plant and provided a small amount of tritium for testing
Supplied information for design and construction of secret research reactor

Netherlands

Source of centrifuge design, materials and manufacturing equipment secretly procured by Dr. A.Q. Khan

Norway

Sold computers and software useful in nuclear weapon design

Sweden

Supplied flash X-ray machines, useful in nuclear weapon development

Switzerland

Supplied components for centrifuge enrichment plant
Supplied high vacuum valves and gasification and solidification units

United States

Supplied Pakistan's first research reactor and fuel which Pakistan used for secret experiments in tritium production

I don't recall India being supplied a tested bomb design and high-enriched uranium fuel

 

[Myth_buster_1]

The point for me to raise in this thread was to give a message across thick empty chambers skulls that floats around in Indian defence section that India is not capable of enough to produce anything on their own thus they require 100% foreigner assistance.
No further comments on indian knee jerk reactions. I can understand their pain after all for many the society that they were brought up in only thought them to be in state of denial and truth is beyond their acceptance level.

 

[Cisco-GUY]

The point for me to raise in this thread was to give a message across thick empty chambers skulls that floats around in Indian defence section that India is not capable of enough to produce anything on their own thus they require 100% foreigner assistance.
No further comments on indian knee jerk reactions. I can understand their pain after all for many the society that they were brought up in only thought them to be in state of denial and truth is beyond their acceptance level.

You are of same category as Mr Gpit, popularly known as Mr Miagi of Karate kid, that there is something called racial smartness.

All you need is good infrastructure, enough universities and R&D facilities with compensation matching private sectors and any country can hallmark in field of tech. Economy caters that. Even countries like Israel and Japan can achieve this feat which are much low on population.

Your notion being Hindus are dumb, atleast implicitly. Again religion don't dictate smartness or aptitude.

 

[Kinetic]

The point for me to raise in this thread was to give a message across thick empty chambers skulls that floats around in Indian defence section that India is not capable of enough to produce anything on their own thus they require 100% foreigner assistance.
No further comments on indian knee jerk reactions. I can understand their pain after all for many the society that they were brought up in only thought them to be in state of denial and truth is beyond their acceptance level.

You post from some BS sources, when the same sources are used against you than Indians are dumb!!! Peculiar logic!!! Use your brain dude, next time coming with some anti-India story bring something solid and don't let others use your own source against you.

 

[ARCHON]

Growler and his ing threads .

Let revise some Pak Nuke history.

1974: AQ Khan steals Zippe-type centrifuge technology from Neatherlands.
1980: Pak offer china centrifuge tech
1988: Pak buys nukes from China, also china sends in lots of enriched Uranium to thank Pak.
1990: Pak buys missiles from China
1995: AQ Khan ki chori pakdi gayi
1998: Chagai Test
1998: AQ Khan tried selling bomb to Iraq
2003: Libya and Iran reveal the truth that AQ Khan had sold them nukes and had been trying to strike a deal since 89.
2004: Maafi mangi
2008: AQ Khan reveals that Mush was also involved in proliferation
2008: Saare chor nikle.

History complete.

BTW, this was my 1000th post.

waaahhh.....

 

[Prometheus]

Growler and his ing threads .

Let revise some Pak Nuke history.

1974: AQ Khan steals Zippe-type centrifuge technology from Neatherlands.
1980: Pak offer china centrifuge tech
1988: Pak buys nukes from China, also china sends in lots of enriched Uranium to thank Pak.
1990: Pak buys missiles from China
1995: AQ Khan ki chori pakdi gayi
1998: Chagai Test
1998: AQ Khan tried selling bomb to Iraq
2003: Libya and Iran reveal the truth that AQ Khan had sold them nukes and had been trying to strike a deal since 89.
2004: Maafi mangi
2008: AQ Khan reveals that Mush was also involved in proliferation
2008: Saare chor nikle.

History complete.

BTW, this was my 1000th post.

oh pagi tusi great ho!!!!!

 

[PEACEMAKER2010]

waste of time

 

[jagjitnatt]

waste of time

if(thread starter == Windjammer, Growler, srchinese, RiazHaq)
{
cout<<"Thread is crap"<<endl;
cout<<"Please don't waste time and move on"<<endl;
}

 

[blackwater 007]

Jagjit paji..
congrats...
just curious .... whose the gemtleman in your avatar?
Looks like milkha singh`s brother??

Nahi yaar, this is General JJ Singh. Former Chief of Indian Army. Now Governer of Arunachal pradesh (which part of China)

 

[zagahaga]

GROWL,GROWL,GROWL
Groan, Groan, Groan

 

[Indian-Devil]

if(thread starter == Windjammer, Growler, srchinese, RiazHaq)
{
cout<<"Thread is crap"<<endl;
cout<<"Please don't waste time and move on"<<endl;
}

Well Said Paa ji. wo kehte hain na so sunaar ke or ek Luhar ke.

Growler, jitni mehnat yeh sab anti indian details dhundhne mein mein lagai hai na itna time agar chemistry padhte to shayyad apna bomb bana lete.

 

[RiazHaq]

Origin of India's Nuclear Weapon Program

India's indigenous efforts in nuclear science and technology were established remarkably early. The first step was taken by Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha in March 1944 when he submitted a proposal to the Sir Dorab Tata Trust (established in honor of Bhabha's own uncle, Sir Dorab Tata) to found a nuclear research institute, over three years before independence and a year before the first nuclear weapon test.
This led to the creation of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) on 19 December 1945 with Bhabha as its first Director.

The new government of India passed the Atomic Energy Act, on 15 April 1948, leading to the establishment of the Indian Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) not quite one year after independence.

At that time Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru declared:



In 1954 the Indian nuclear program began to move in a direction that would eventually lead to establishment of nuclear weapons capability.

On 3 January 1954 the IAEC decided to set up a new facility - the Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay (AEET), later to become the "Indian Los Alamos".

On 3 August 1954 the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) was created with Dr. Bhabha as Secretary. This department answered directly to the Prime Minister and has continued to do so down to the present day.

The program grew swiftly. The atomic energy budget increased 12-fold from 1954 to 1956. By 1958 the DAE consumed one third of India's research budget. By 1959 AEET employed over one thousand scientists and engineers.

1955 construction began on India's first reactor, the 1 MW Apsara research reactor, with British assistance.

And in September 1955, after more than a year of negotiation, Canada agreed to supply India with a powerful research reactor - the 40 MW Canada-India Reactor (CIR).

Under the Eisenhower Administration's "Atoms for Peace" program the US agreed to supply 21 tons of heavy water for this reactor in Februrary 1956, and the reactor was dubbed the Canada-India Reactor, U.S. or CIRUS

The acquisition of Cirus was a watershed event in nuclear proliferation. Although the sale was made with the understanding that the reactor would only be used for peaceful purposes (the heavy water contract at least made this explicit), it occurred before any international policies were in place to regulate such technology transfers and no provision for inspections were made. And in fact India was careful to ensure that no effective regulation would accompany the reactor.

India refusing to accept fuel from Canada for the reactor and set up a program to manufacture the natural uranium fuel for Cirus indigeneously so as to keep complete control of the plutonium produced there.

This program, led by metallurgist Brahm Prakash, succeeded in developing the techniques for producing the precisely manufactured, high purity material demanded by the reactor.




The Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay was formally inaugurated by PM Nehru on 20 January 1957. It acquired its present name -- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) -- on 12 January 1967 when PM Indira Gandhi renamed it in memory of Dr. Bhabha who died in an airplane crash on 24 January 1966.

Apsara, fueled by enriched uranium from the UK, went critical on 4 August 1957, becoming the first operating reactor in Asia outside of the Soviet Union (though only days ahead of Japan's first reactor). Cirus achieved criticality at BARC on 10 July 1960.

Due to its vast domestic resources of thorium (a potential fuel for breeder reactors) but limited supplies of uranium, from the start of its nuclear program India has always placed strong emphasis on the development of breeder reactor fuel cycles. Breeder reactors require highly concentrated fissionable material for reactor fuel: either highly enriched uranium or plutonium. This provided a peaceful rationale for developing a plutonium separation capability, but the principal impetus for the India's first fuel reprocessing plant was to obtain a nuclear option.

In July 1958 PM Nehru authorized project Phoenix to build a plant with a capacity of 20 tonnes of fuel a year - sized to match the production capacity of Cirus. The plant was based on the U.S. developed Purex process and an American firm, Vitro International prepared the plans for it. Construction of the plutonium plant began at Trombay on 27 March 1961 and was commissioned in mid-1964.

Bhabha was a brilliant scientist.

However, are you suggesting that the Indians split the atom on their own without any help from abroad? Do you know what kind of an industrial base is needed for such a project? Did India have this base in 50s and 60s? Or even later in 70s and 80s?

The fact is that India still needs foreign help and technology for its nuclear ambitions as shown by its eagerness for the Indo-US nuclear deal.

And over 90&#37; of India's weapons are still imported from Russia, Israel, and other nations.

http://www.riazhaq.com/2008/03/indias-arms-build-up-and-problems-with.html