Techy
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In 1999, Indian Navy articulated 30-year Submarine acquisition plan, under which it planned to acquire 24 conventional diesel Submarines. Multi-pronged plans essential talked about acquiring 6 conventional diesel Submarines each under Project-75 and under Project-75I in the first phase and to Induct 12 more conventional diesel Submarines of Indigenous design.
Fast forward into 2015, the first submarine from the Project-75 ” INS Kalvari” (Scorpene class) will head to Sea trials by September later this year and will be inducted into Indian navy by end of 2016 . Midway into 30-year Submarine acquisition plan, the Indian navy is yet to get the first submarine it had planned to acquire. after years of delays and indecisiveness by the Previous government, the current government has shown has shown some urgency and are working to float out Project-75I tenders soon.
Navy also in lieu of 24 Conventional submarines has proposed to acquire 6 Nuclear Attack Submarines (SSK) which in principal has been cleared by Government recently. Under new arrangement now Indian Navy will only acquire 18 new Conventional Submarines.
Road Map
Project-75: Navy to ensure that there is no further slippage in the ongoing construction of Scorpene class submarines in India and it meets revised timelines is carrying out monthly review along with MOD officials. Navy Chief also has informed that all the six Scorpene submarines being built at the Mazagon Dock in collaboration with French firm DCNS will be ready to serve the nation by 2020.
Project-75I: Indian plans to acquire second tranche of 6 next generation Conventional submarines which will have Air Independent Propulsion System (AIP) technology. potential foreign submarine contenders in the race for Project 75i are French DCNS ‘Scorpene’, Russia’s Rubin Amur 1650, the German HDW Type 214, Spain’s Navantia S-80.
Project 75I submarines are expected to be bigger than the 1800-ton Scorpene class being built for the P-75 project. The AIP systems will enable the greater underwater endurance and land-attack missiles. Besides, they will also incorporate stealth, land-attack capability and other technological advancements.
SSN: Changing dynamics in the region and increasing Chinese naval forays into the Indian Ocean has lead to this new move. Navy’s in-house Directorate of Naval Design has been tasked to design Six new nuclear Attack Submarines which likely will have inspiration from leased Russian Nuclear-powered attack submarine INS Chakra (Akula II).
Shipbuilding Centre Visakhapatnam again will be tasked to carry out construction of new submarines and will get new Production facility once initial design and technical details are frozen. Navy along with Bhabha Atomic Research Centre and DRDO currently engaged in the discussion of the technology and design aspect which will go in new SSN.
Since SSN will be a completely indigenous product, once go head and funds are made available development work can go on in parallel to other submarine projects which will be directly monitored by PMO.
Project-XX: After gaining expertise from Project-75 and under Project-75I, India plans to develop Six new Conventional Submarines of Indigenous design. Not much information has been disclosed about this project but most likely it will be initiated once Submarines under Project-75I nears completion.
Leasing Second New Akula SSN: India has decided to lease second nuclear submarine from Russia soon. India is looking at the hull of the Iribis a Russian Akula class submarine that was never completed after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s. Russia too has responded positively and likely will agree to lease second nuclear submarine.
Besides above mentioned Attack submarines of conventional and Nuclear class which India plans to acquire by 2030, India is also building 3 Arihant class ballistic missile nuclear submarine (SSBN) which will ensure that India gets Second Nuclear attack capability and first of Lead Ship INS Arihant already has commenced sea trials and keel of the second Arihant class submarine has already been laid.