ANI, Srivastava Group named in massive EU disinformation campaign to promote Modi government’s interests
THE CARAVAN
09 December 2020
The EU DisinfoLab, an NGO based in Brussels, has published a report detailing one of the largest ever disinformation campaigns in Europe, organised by Indian stakeholders, to further the interests of the Indian government and the prime minister Narendra Modi. Among the prime players of this disinformation campaign are Asian News International, India’s largest video news agency, and the Srivastava group—a
shadowy business conglomerate that came into the spotlight in India after it
organised a visit to Kashmir for far-right members of the European Parliament, in late 2019.
The report, titled “Indian Chronicles,” is based on a year-long investigation by the NGO, which was built upon and published exclusively by news organisations such as
Les Jours in France.
Les Jours quoted a misinformation expert who described this campaign as “a network … whose scope and impact are comparable to the operation of Russian interference during the campaign in the United States in 2016.”
The DisinfoLab report described how fake media websites and NGOs run by the Srivastava group lobbied members of the European parliament, or MEPs, to write op-eds taking pro-India stances, often against Pakistan or China, which were then published on the group’s dummy news websites. ANI then quoted these as credible reports from European media, from where Indian media and news channels reproduced and disseminated them, unchecked. The
Les Jours report suggested that the entire operation could be linked to Indian intelligence services.
According to DisinfoLab, the network has been frequently used to manufacture calls of solidarity from European leaders for the Modi government’s actions. One example that the report cited concerned surgical strikes by the Indian Army in Pakistan, ahead of the 2019 general elections.
EP Today, a dummy website run by the Srivastava group, published an op-ed by Ryszard Czarnecki, a member of the European parliament. Czarnecki wrote in support of the strikes. ANI then reproduced this opinion, but with a crucial twist—it claimed this to be the EU’s official statement, announcing its support of Modi.
This disinformation was then reported by other Indian outlets, such as the
Economic Times, reaching millions of Indians.
The DisinfoLab report also found that for 15 years, organisations connected to the Srivastava group had been making representations at the Council for Human Rights, at the United Nations, primarily undermining Pakistan. According to the report, organisations connected to the Srivastava group even “resurrected” dead people and dead NGOs—that is, used their names and identities—to create an air of credibility around themselves.
The latest DisinfoLab report builds upon a 2019 report that had exposed
EP Today’s workings. In October 2019, the European External Action Service’s East Strat Com, effectively the EU’s task force to tackle disinformation, revealed that the
EP Today website had been republishing a large amount of news directly from
Russia Today and
Voice of America. When DisinfoLab investigated the organisation, it
found “a large number of articles and op-eds related to minorities in Pakistan as well as other India related matters.” The investigation also linked EP Today to a “large network of think tanks, NGOs, and companies from the Srivastava Group.”
The IP address of
EP Today was registered by an NGOs linked to the Srivastava group. Their findings, which included at least 265 fake news sites that operated in around sixty countries, all linked to Indian interests, were published in a December 2019 report. Following this publication, the
EP Today website disappeared, as did a range of other news organisation named in the report.
The DisinfoLab’s 2020 report states that
EP Today has been reconstituted into a new publication called
EU Chronicle. On 14 August 2020, the
Chronicle’s twitter account
posted a video by Thierry Mariani, a French far-right leader, in which he said, “I want to extend my sincere and warmest greetings to Prime Minister Modi on this Indian Independence Day. It is a pleasure to see India excel under your dynamic leadership as the world battles Covid19.” The
Chronicle then posted similar messages from other right-wing leaders, such as Czarnecki and Fulvio Martusciello, from
Italy. A month later, EU Chronicle
posted a video of Mariani wishing Modi on his birthday. The DisinfoLab found that a majority of the content published by the EU Chronicle was copying press releases or reports that seemed like they had been written by bots. Despite its limited presence, it has published multiple articles by Czarnecki and Martusciello. All three—Mariani, Czarnecki and Martusciello—were among the MEPs who visited Kashmir.
When asked about whether the report had proof of
ANI working directly with the Srivastava companies, AlexandreAlaphilippe, the director of DisinfoLab, wrote that he had “no comment,” before adding: “But I encourage you to look at these facts: eu chronicle set up on 6th May. 11th may already 3 op-eds from 3 MEPs. On 12th May, ANI quotes Eu chronicle as an independent media and reliable source.”
The
Les Jours report shows how the Indian lobby gets European politicians to support Indian foreign interests. Julie Ward, a British member of the European parliament, was approached by Madi Sharma, a lobbyist, to cosign articles for
EP Today on women’s rights in Saudi Arabia. (Sharma was
among the organisers of the Kashmir visit.) Ward later posed at least one question suggested by Sharma in the European parliament. “Then I was asked to co-sign a column on human-rights violations in Balochistan”—in Pakistan—“which made me uncomfortable, it seemed very biased to me,” Ward told Antoine Hasday and Nicolas Quénel, who reported for
Les Jours. “Even though I am critical of the Pakistani government, I was increasingly worried about Narendra Modi’s (nationalist and authoritarian drift).” The article also linked Sharma to
EU Chronicle.
Les Jours quoted Alaphilippe, the director of DisinfoLab, as saying that op-eds were common in Brussels. “This allows MEPs to put forward their positions and it reinforces the credibility of the media that publishes it. This can also be used to gain the confidence of the deputies for lobbyists before suggesting parliamentary questions to them, for example.” The report suggests that this is a favoured tactic of Indian agents to push soft-power in Europe.
The
Les Jours report suggests that Indian intelligence services could be behind the Srivastava group’s misinformation operations. It cited various examples to justify this claim. It
quoted a statement by the Lawyers for Human Rights International, a human-rights organisation based in Punjab, on an incident related to Pramila Srivastava, a board member of the group and wife of the group’s founder. Pramila threatened a pediatrician for speaking about infanticide in Punjab in the UN Human Rights Commission, LHRI stated. Pramila responded to the doctor’s presentation saying it would create “a false image of India,” and that doctor would have to “assume the consequences.” The pediatrician was questioned by the Indian intelligence services on her return to the country.
Les Jours noted that a company run by Ankur Srivastava, also of the Srivastava family, makes malware which he
said is only sold to Indian intelligence services. It also noted that the Srivastava group runs several fake news websites including
Socialist Weekly,
Khalsa Akhbar Lahore and the
Times of Azad Kashmir, which are likely linked to Indian intelligence services. When asked about this, Alaphilippe said, “We do not have a formal attribution of this operation. However, its sophistication as well as its physical presence both in Brussels and Geneva is something that really intrigues us. You need more than a few computers to plan and sustain such an action.”
A sizable portion of the 2020 DisinfoLab report discusses how ANI misrepresents reports from EU Chronicle and other Srivastava group linked organisations to convince an Indian audience that Modi’s actions have support in Europe. The report notes that
Yahoo News India and
BP Business World have reproduced at least 8 ANI dispatches based on content originating from
EU Chronicle, and ZEE5 has reproduced at least 9 segments of content. The
Business Standardnewspaper and the
Times of India have also used this type of content. According to the count of DisinfoLab investigators, ANI has already copied content published by EU Chronicle 13 times in just six months. It is unclear why ANI so often republishes the work of such an obscure news organisation—the news organisation did not respond to
Les Jours requests for comment.
The 2020 DisinfoLab report also points to how NGOs and freshly restored international organisations linked to the Srivastava network worked as a lobby in the UN Human Rights Commission to whitewash state-led Indian atrocities and highlight violence in Pakistan. The DisinfoLab identified at least ten NGOs as part of the Indian disinformation network. Some of these had formal links to India, and some had even been shut down before they were restarted to serve Indian needs. The report states that the Canners International Permanent Committee of Conservation—a French conservation NGO which closed down in 2007—was restarted by the Srivastava network to speak about Pakistan at the UNHRC, often portraying it in a negative light.
Similarly, DisinfoLab notes, the Commission to Study the Organization of Peace, an international organisation that ceased all activities in the 1970s, was resurrected by the network to frequently criticise Pakistan in Geneva. The email ID of CSOP was used to register other websites linked to the Indian network. In the jargon of Geneva, DisinfoLab noted, such organisations are called “government-organised” non-governmental organisations, sponsored by states to represent a country’s interests or damage the image of a rival. The report, however, stated that this did not clearly violate any rules of the UN or the UNHRC.
“
ANI remains the only press agency to extensively cover the activities of dubious NGOs in Geneva,” the DisinfoLab report says, describing the agency’s work as “distortion.” Quenel, one of the Les Jours reporters, described an instance where ANI seemed fully aware that it was misreporting news from NGOs in Geneva. In September, a man called Lakhu Luhana spoke at the UNHRC, representing World Environment and Resources Council—an organisation that disappeared in the 1980s, but was resurrected to serve Indian strategic interests like the CSOP and the CIPCC. Quenel noted that ANI had issued a dispatch and a tweet on the speech, which focused on the “persecution” of the Pakistani Sindhi minority. “In the ANI tweet it is WERC which is mentioned, however, the title of the dispatch, mentions a completely different association: the World Sindhi Congress,” Quenel said. “A simple search of the World Sindhi Congress shows clearly that Lakhu Luhana is its general secretary. ANI’s spontaneous mention of the World Sindhi Congress demonstrates that it was aware of the duplicity of the WERC’s role at Geneva.”
The
Les Jours report notes that in 2019, Mariani also went to Geneva on the invitation of the South Asia Democratic Forum—a Brussels-based think tank. The SADF was created in 2011 by Paulo Casaca, a former MEP, and is domiciled in Brussels at the same address as an office of an organisation linked to the Srivastava group. The domain name of the think tank was also registered directly by the Indian company. In September 2019, SADF
sent Mariani by plane to Geneva, in business class, and paid for two nights at the luxurious Beaurivage hotel. All this, in order to attend a press conference on Jammu and Kashmir, organised by the think tank—an event, Quenel noted, “that was
covered by the media of the Srivastava group, and by the ANI.”
“In our past studies, we never encountered such a coordination between different stakeholders,” Alaphilippe said. “The fact, that during 15 years, and even after being partially exposed last year, this operation is able to keep its activities shows the sophistication and the willingness of the actors behind Indian Chronicles. It is definitely the biggest network we’ve exposed.”
Disinformation “has been part of the playbook of all countries,” Alaphilippe added. “For instance, we found out a very similar operation serving Pakistani interests in Geneva, which points at how all countries are learning from each other and adapt … Just imagine if the same operation would have been carried out by China or Russia. What would have been the headlines of the media?” He called for action from European bodies against such acts, saying that “the biggest failure from institutions would be if another report is released next year on the same actors with the same techniques. This would mean that EU institutions … are ok with foreign interferences.”
Fake websites run by the Srivastava group lobbied European politicians to write op-eds favouring India. ANI reproduced these as Europe's support for Modi.
caravanmagazine.in
New pro-India EU website enrolling MEPs campaigns against Pakistan
Researchers say the EU Chronicle website is the newest iteration of an Indian influence campaign.
Op-ed articles falsely attributed to their authors, some of them European lawmakers. Journalists who seem not to exist. Anti-Pakistan content ripped from other websites and repackaged to be read by hundreds of millions in India.
All of it, seemingly out of an office park in Ghent.
EU Chronicle, a website claiming to deliver "news from the European Union," is the newest iteration of an influence campaign run by an Indian organization called the Srivastava Group, according to
research by NGO EU DisinfoLab shared with POLITICO.
The purpose of the website appears to be to further Indian interests and malign New Delhi's rivals including Pakistan and China.
The anti-Pakistan,
anti-China content published on the website is often
reused by the Indian news agency ANI and hundreds of other domains, including outlets such as the Sierra Leone Times or TajikistanNews.net. According to EU DisinfoLab research, Indian business magazine
BW Business World published at least eight clips from ANI that were based on EU Chronicle material.
While sometimes relying on MEPs for content, EU Chronicle's main target audience is not the Brussels crowd, the research shows. It's mainly a feeder for mainstream Indian publications that pick up the news accessed by hundreds of millions in India.
Some of the EU lawmakers featured on the website denied having written op-eds published in their name. Others said they were happy to have a platform where they can broadcast their sympathies for the Indian government.
In addition to EU Chronicle, EU DisinfoLab said the Group coordinates a number of organizations fronting as NGOs also working to wield influence in the Parliament. These include the Women's Economic and Social Think Tank (WESTT), the South Asia Democracy Forum and Friends of Gilgit-Baltistan.
"What we learned in this investigation is that it is possible to turn EU Institutions into unwitting actors of a 15-year influence operation. With lobbying and fake media, Indian Chronicles [the name DisinfoLab has given to the operation] has been successful in building a strong sense of a constant official support of the EU to Indian interests, reaching millions in South-Asia," said Gary Machado, EU DisinfoLab's managing director.
He explained how the website works to distort content. For example, a pro-Indian comment spoken in a personal capacity by a single MEP is modified to sound like the official voice of the whole Parliament. "When dozens of Indian media write that 'EU backs India's surgical strikes' based on a single MEP position, we believe it should not be neglected simply because the disinformation takes place far away from the European Union," Machado said, referring to military action India took against Pakistan last year, and which did not receive the EU's blessing.
India and Pakistan are nuclear-armed political rivals in South Asia. They have fought multiple wars, and went
to the brink of one more last year after India conducted air strikes in Pakistani territory in response to a terror attack it blamed Pakistan for.
Much of their dispute is centered around the region of Kashmir, which is currently divided between the two countries, but neither formally accepts the de facto border. Internationally, India blames Pakistan for cross-border terrorism, and both blame each other for persecuting the religious minorities in their countries — Muslims in India, Hindus in Pakistan.
Thierry Mariani, an MEP who belongs to the far-right Identity and Democracy group and wrote op-eds on EU Chronicle, is happy to put his name on anti-Pakistan content. He also sent personal video messages wishing Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi happy birthday via the website's
Twitter handle.
“I stand by my political choices. Did I know [EU Chronicle] is pro-India? I don’t care, it’s not a question I ask myself,” he said.
The French MEP, who is a member of the Parliament's special committee on foreign interference, which deals with disinformation, added: “What matters is not whether it’s an Indian, Pakistani or Javanese website, but rather what I write and what I defend — and I fight against Pakistan.” He said he couldn't remember who exactly got in touch with him to write the op-eds.
The Brussels front
It's not the first time a site with seemingly EU credentials looks to be backed by the Indian Srivastava Group.
In Brussels, a website
called EPToday was part of an operation that would highlight anti-Pakistan comments by some MEPs and events held at the European Parliament where Pakistan would be criticized — normally by the Srivastava-backed groups like WESTT or South Asia Democracy Forum. Those comments and events would then also be picked up and amplified by news outlets in India. In addition, the website would also aggregate news from Russian-backed outlet RT. It was shut down days after
POLITICO reported on it, with research from EUDisinfoLab. Its
Twitter handle was suspended, and its Facebook page disappeared.
EUDisinfoLab said EU Chronicle, which went live in May 2020, is doing the same thing. The website publishes articles with headlines like "Follow the money — Pakistan's money laundering and terror financing trail" and "
Pakistan – Where the rate of growth in graveyards is bigger than the economic growth." Most of these articles are published anonymously.
The website's Twitter handle has published
a series of videos detailing human rights abuses in Pakistan with the hashtag #PakistanHorrors. Conversely, it published another
video series of MEPs congratulating India on its independence day and its Prime Minister Narendra Modi on his birthday.
The names of the website's staffers on the website are "probably not real," according to EUDisinfoLab, and the articles attributed to them are also syndicated content published automatically.
An anonymous article from June is almost entirely copy-pasted from
a POLITICO article, without accreditation.
A Google search provided no links to EU Chronicle journalists' profiles apart from where they are mentioned in EU Chronicle. The company's address directed to a Regus office park in Ghent.
None of the people listed as EU Chronicle journalists replied to a request for comment.
The articles with real bylines include European lawmakers, either with or without their consent. Overall, 11 MEPs' names appear on op-eds for EU Chronicle, most of them critical of Pakistan and China, India's other big rival. Two of them, Grzegorz Tobiszowski (Polish, ECR) and Giuseppe Milazzo (Italian, EPP), denied having written the opinion pieces.
Tobiszowski "has never been interviewed by EU Chronicle on any topic and hasn't provided them any comments whatsoever," his office said.
Milazzo, whose name appears on
an article criticizing Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan's policy towards its minority Ahmadiyya community, said he was not asked to write anything for the site. "We're not really involved in Pakistani issues," an official from his office said. "I don't know how they could quote us without saying anything at all."
Belgian MEP Marc Tarabella (S&D), whose name appeared on an op-ed calling on EU leaders not to attend the G20 conference in Saudi Arabia, said that while the quotes attributed to him in the article are accurate, he did not write it. "Some of our pieces are used for strange news, I guess," one of his staffers said.
Other lawmakers featured on the website including Ryszard Czarnecki (Polish, ECR), Fulvio Martusciello (Italian, EPP) and French MEPs
Virginie Joron and
Julie Lechanteux (ID) —none of them responded to multiple requests for comment.
Martusciello and Czarnecki, both of whom have multiple op-eds in their name on EU Chronicle, have a longer association with the Srivastava Group. They both wrote pieces for the defunct EPToday, have participated in Parliament events critical of Pakistan, and they both went on
a controversial trip to Indian-administered Kashmir last year, which was also organized by the Srivastava Group. Lechanteux, Joron and Mariani also went on the trip to Kashmir.
'International business broker' at the center
Tarabella's office also said Madi Sharma, the self-styled "international business-broker" who organized the Kashmir trip, as the one who solicited him for an article on EU Chronicle. After Tarabella's office asked Sharma to remove his byline from the article, the whole article was removed.
Sharma did not respond to request for comment, but according to correspondence shared with POLITICO, she said any connection between her and EUChronicle was "fake news." She also declined to speak about her connection with the Srivastava Group, saying her "personal and professional relationships are confidential."
She accused EU DisinfoLab of having paid a number of publications, including POLITICO, and claimed EU DisinfoLab itself was paid "by a third party to produce a media disinformation campaign against me (and others.)" POLITICO was not paid by EU DisinfoLab for this report.
According to DisinfoLab, nine out of the 11 MEPs who appeared in EU Chronicle also had ties to the Srivastava Group either because they participated in the Kashmir visit or they wrote for EPToday.
Most of them come belong to the far right, highlighting the ideological alignment between Europe and India's nationalisms.
"If you have a government led by a very right-wing, anti-Muslim nationalist, of course that’s going to appeal to the Islamophobic, right-wing, nationalist Europeans," said former U.K. MEP Julie Ward, who was also approached by Madi Sharma to write anti-Pakistan content when she was still in the European Parliament.
"That’s why Modi likes European’s far right," she add
Researchers say the EU Chronicle website is the newest iteration of an Indian influence campaign.
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