Were working with the US government, to release Patriot Missile systems to India
Director, Business Development, Integrated Air and Missile Defence, Raytheon, David Hartman
Director, Business Development, Integrated Air and Missile Defence, Raytheon, David Hartman
________________________________ What is your primary focus in the Indian market?
My primary focus is the integrated air and missile defence (IAMD), air defence weapons and missile defence (the larger systems the US is planning to deploy in various locations); ballistic missile defence (BMD) systems and ground-based midcourse defence (GMD) systems. The difference here is that this time we have joined with our partners from Raytheon missile systems and they talked about their capabilities to excel at missile defence against higher weapons with very long range. All this in the context of the integrated air and missile defence we have presented in Defexpo.
We were using the notion that no single system does it all. Thats why you need an integrated and a layered system. You have to go from very short range-
helicopters and UAVs as potential threats to worrying about long range ballistic missiles. Again it is the integration across the whole battle space which is very important and that is what we are talking about.
We also focus on the challenges in establishing the IAMD as it is not an easy proposition in order to accomplish that integration. So you start to think about what your doctrine is and how you employ your systems with presented ideas like mass mobility, and integration. But then you also have to be able to develop the concept of operations and how will you take these capabilities and employ them into the defence design based on the needs.
How did you implement such integrated defence systems in the US market?
We were talking about it for a long time and we are working to include Raytheons command and control systems. IAMD somewhat comes down to such command and control. There is a US programme called IBCS (integrated battle command systems) in which all the sensors and the construct will be pulled-in and managed from the command and control system. But that is an engineering challenge, a technical challenge. There is a lot of work to be done in that area.
How are the Indian programmes advancing for you?
We see very promising and good opportunities here. Several requests for information (RFIs) have been issued for different ranges and classes of weapons and weve responded to them. We are expecting requests for proposal (RFPs) in several of them soon.
There was an RFP for short range surface to air missile (SRSAM) and we did not respond to that primarily because the system that we could offer includes components that have to be sold through the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) route by the US government. We discussed this with the Indian Army about our need for a language that would allow us to get it, but they were not willing to change the RFP at that point. So we had to no-bid because they did not allow an FMS.
How do you plan to take care of such issues in the future
We are working very hard to inform and educate our Indian customers. If we talk to them about the FMS, sometimes there is a misunderstanding about what the implications are.
In the case of Indian Air Force, FMS is not an issue. They purchase significant equipment from the US through this route for example, C-130J, P-8I, C-17 are all FMS cases. Within the army, I have been discussing these issues for a long time now and we have covered a certain distance now. There is increasing recognition that the technology we have and the capabilities that were able to offer them have value. And that may be some parts of it have to come through the FMS route.
Indian armed forces already have a lot of radars and missiles. Will you be able to integrate your systems with the platforms available already?
Absolutely. First of all, we recommend that you start with what you have and then you improve your capability. A lot of the discussions in the Indian market are about indigenous development, and the time it takes to create capabilities. We recognise that it is important for India. But in my mind the reason that we are here and where we can help is that there is a gap in knowing you need something and making the decision in which we are going to invest in research and development to get the capabilities and finally getting it.
Director, Business Development, Integrated Air and Missile Defence, Raytheon, David Hartman
___________________________________________ You can look at any number of American systems and their R&D phase. It stretches to become a very long period of time. And thats a very significant investment of money. So my point is, if you accept that it is going to take you a long time to get to where you need to go but you also have a need to able to respond to threats today there is a significant gap. What we are trying to do is to offer capabilities which are mature systems that will fill this gap.
Are you talking about developing such capabilities here over an extended period of time?
There will be an ongoing Indian programme to develop capabilities. We are not challenging that. What we are trying to offer is the capabilities that fill the gaps that have been identified. And I make that statement only on the basis that if the Indian Army and the Indian Air Force did not believe that the gaps existed, they would not be putting out RFIs and RFPs.
Talking about what Raytheon can do to support the R&D infrastructure, we have some very mature systems that perhaps the US has taken out of its inventory for subsequent release and post-structure. We have capabilities within our inventory today that look like they satisfy the requirements being proposed by the Indian services. For example MRSAM and our Patriot weapon systems which are a very good match.
In terms of SRSAM and QRSAM for the army and LOQRM for the air force, the ranges of missiles that they want and need, we believe our HAWK XXI system could be a very good solution. Those three are the short and mid range capabilities with a range of 10-40 kilometres. And that fits our Hawk system very nicely.
With Hawk, we could offer significant transfer of technology and a very significant amount of the indigenous production. So we are working with the partner to see if there is a business case and we could get India in the business of developing and producing the entire weapon system.
Have you started working with Indian firms to develop Hawk XXI system already?
Weve been exploring Indian companies, having preliminary discussions with them. But remember how these things work with the US government; we first need to get release authority from the US government to be able to have these conversations. We are just in the process of finalising that with the US government and
we believe it looks very promising in terms of the degree and the amount of Transfer of Technology (ToT) that is to be offered.
Given the possibility that you can form Joint Ventures (JVs) with Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs), would you prefer DPSUs over private firms for your weapon systems?
We are at such a stage in our discussions that I wouldnt want to disclose exactly who we are talking to, as we dont have an agreement yet. But I would say that we are in dialogue with the PSUs as well as private industries.
You spoke about bridging gaps within the Indian armed forces. What products do you think will fill these gaps?
Raytheon has a long experience in all the segments and layers in the integrated air and missile defence system. From the short range to the very long range missiles and sensors. We have Very Short Range Air Defence System (VSHORAD) capabilities with the Stinger man-portable weapon system which is now on the periscope. We have Hawk XXI systems; we have another offering called NASAMS (Norwegian Advanced Surface to Air Missile System), with Advanced Medium Range Air to Air Missile (AMRAAM) capability.
AMRAAM usually flies with the air force. But we have a ground launch configuration now. In between the two of them is the command and control centre. The sensor of both Hawk XXI and NASAMS are the same except the radar, which belongs to the Norwegian company we team with, Kongsberg. They make the fire direction centre (FDC). These are the complimentary systems that fit very nicely in the short to medium range.
In the Medium Range Surface to Air Missile (MRSAM) class, we have the Patriot weapon system. The high endo-low exo range Network Centric Airborne Defence Element (NCADE) weapon system is being fielded to the US Army and has been sold internationally. Raytheon also makes the kill vehicle on the US ground based interceptor and most importantly, SM-3 which is a navy weapon. In India where the integrated structure is going to be air force, army and navy, the SM-3 is going to fit in.
What does Raytheon offer for the fastest detection and identification of threats?
We are talking primarily about interceptors kill mechanism. The fastest detection relates to the sensor side of the defence system. For weapon systems like Hawk, NASAMS and Patriot, Raytheon builds sensors for all of the radars. In a fully integrated air and missile defence structure, there are other sensor platforms that you want to bring in order to establish the fastest intrusion detection.
For example, a challenging sensor phenomenon in the threat set-up is when you have smaller targets that are able to fly close to the ground. While it is difficult to sense these threats from the ground, it gives better opportunity to detect such threats if you are operating high and looking down. Raytheon makes the Joint Land Attack Cruise Missile Defence Elevated Netted Sensors (JLENS) aerostat which is designed primarily for cruise missile defence. Recently, the US has done very successful tests where JLENS detected a target which the Patriot system could not see.
In the missile defence world, given the longer range threats the answer is that you have to have much more powerful and longer range surveillance radar. We built all the surveillance radars in the US missile defence programme upgraded early warning radars, long range radars with the protection range of thousands of kilometres. All of that has to be integrated together to give the leak proof protection for the civilian and the military networks.
How do you think you will survive in this market given the competition?
We are in this business for a very long period of time. The US has invested money in the R&D and the technology necessary to stay consistently ahead of the development of threats. The layered approach is the only approach that is going to be successful it has a leak proof defence. So, Raytheons participation in all these programmes, which were primarily developed for the US Army with years of engineering experience and solving problems with regard to the sensor technology puts us in a very good position especially to respond to the needs of the Indian Air Force and Indian Army.
I understand there is a lot of competition globally. Thirty years ago, Raytheon did not have any competition in this area we had the product and we were able to sell it quite successfully. We continue to be very successful. But every year it becomes more and more of a challenge as there are good platforms that are being offered right now.
Who do you think your biggest competitors here are?
It is very similar to the competition else where. Russia, Israel and France are here. The point that I want to make when it comes to the competition with the Russian systems is that we have successfully competed against them in a number of countries. We have Patriot deployed in 11 partner countries apart from the US today. There is some recognition of the capabilities that we bring. But will that always be true? I dont know. But we have never lost with this one.
What is your immediate focus in the on-going Indian competitions?
The leading opportunities that I see are with the MRSAM, LRSAM and Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile (QRSAM). We know there is some desire among the armed forces for the active secret missile technology which is in our AMRAAM. So we would like to be able to offer that at one point of time when the RFQ is out. I have been working on Patriot system. It fits the MRSAM requirements very nicely and at the moment.
The Indian Army and the Indian air force noticed that the US government has not released the Patriot weapon system to offer it to India. We are working with the US government on this. They have done some recent steps and there is some movement in that direction but it is too early to predict. Early warning radar is the other area that we are working on that fits Indias requirements for long range radars. Again, we are working with the US government, to be able to release such technology.
We are working with the US government, to release Patriot Missile systems to India