Huawei News and Analyses

[TaiShang]

Huawei Recognized as an April 2019 Gartner Peer Insights Customers’ Choice for Data Center Networking

Apr 17, 2019

[Shenzhen, China, April 17, 2019] Huawei, a leading global provider of information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure and smart devices, announced that Huawei CloudEngine Switches have been named an April 2019 Gartner Peer Insights Customers’ Choice for Data Center Networking.

Huawei Recognized as an April 2019 Gartner Peer Insights Customers’ Choice for Data Center Networking

Gartner Peer Insights Customers’ Choice[1] analyzes more than 200,000 reviews across more than 300 markets posted to Gartner Peer Insights. These reviews are based on direct peer experiences of purchasing, implementing, and operating a solution. In markets with sufficient data available, Gartner Peer Insights recognizes the vendors who are the most highly rated by their customers through the Customers’ Choice distinction.

Huawei has been operating in data center network markets. Since its launch in 2012, Huawei's CloudFabric Cloud Data Center Network Solution has been deployed in more than 7800 enterprise data centers in over 120 countries. While the above is based on customer feedback, in July, 2018, Gartner analysts named Huawei a Challenger in the 2018 Magic Quadrant for Data Center Networking[2] for the second year running.

On January 9, 2019, Huawei unveiled the industry’s first data center switch built for the Artificial Intelligence (AI) era –– CloudEngine 16800. Additionally, Huawei defined three characteristics for data center switches in the AI era: embedded AI chips, 48-port 400 GE high-density ports per slot, and the capability to evolve to an Autonomous Driving Network (ADN). Based on CloudEngine Switches which leverage the power of the embedded high-performance AI chip, and use the innovative iLossless algorithm, Huawei launched the AI Fabric Intelligent and Lossless Data Center Network. Designed to help customers accelerate their intelligent transformation, Huawei AI Fabric brings the ultimate network experience with zero packet loss, low latency, and high throughput. It achieves 100% AI computing power and improves data storage Input/Output Operations Per Second (IOPS) by 30%, all while reducing TCO by 53%. It is leading the way for data center networks to evolve beyond the cloud era, into the AI era.

“The real test for product is the customer experience, and we believe this recognition on Gartner Peer Insights represents the commitment we have to our customers to provide world-class products for improving their ICT infrastructure,” said Leon Wang, President of Huawei Data Center Network Domain. “We strive to provide our customers with the data center networking solutions that meet their needs, and we will continue to innovate new offerings and build on their feedback.”


[1] The Gartner Peer Insights Customers’ Choice is a recognition of vendors in the Data Center Networking by verified end-user professionals, taking into account both the number of reviews and the overall user ratings. To ensure fair evaluation, Gartner maintains rigorous criteria for recognizing vendors with a high customer satisfaction rate.
[2] Gartner, Inc., Magic Quadrant for Data Center Networking, Andrew Lerner, Joe Skorupa, July 11, 2018

For more information, please visit Huawei CloudFabric data center network solution:e.huawei.com/en/solutions/business-needs/enterprise-network/data-center-network

 

[TaiShang]

Huawei’s 10G PON Solution Helps China Mobile(Shanghai) Build the First Dual-Gigabit City

Apr 19, 2019

[Shanghai, China, April 19, 2019] China Mobile(Shanghai) recently announced the adoption of Huawei's 10G PON E2E solution to promote the construction of demo gigabit broadband communities. This represents a major step towards the goal of building a "dual-gigabit city" that has both wired and wireless gigabit broadband.

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) of China has proposed the "Dual-gigabit acceleration, same speed for same network" plan to promote fixed broadband gigabit applications, and now China Mobile (Shanghai) has launched the "Dual-Gigabit First City" plan and released multiple gigabit broadband convergence packages to provide gigabit home broadband and 5G services together. It is estimated that by the third quarter of 2019, gigabit broadband will cover 5.6 million home users and 3000 buildings, and gigabit broadband coverage will be available in all administrative districts of Shanghai. As the first step, China Mobile (Shanghai) will officially announce a 40 demo gigabit broadband communities in the near future.

Emerging services such as 4K/8K and online VR games pose great challenges to existing fixed GPON broadband networks. As network traffic increases exponentially, at least 200 Mbps bandwidth is required to ensure stable user experience. Traditional GPON networks are difficult to accelerate, and urgently need to be upgraded to 10G PON to support massive deployment of gigabit applications. In homes, approximately 80% of traffic is transmitted over Wi-Fi. Video services require a through-wall packet loss rate less than 10-6 to avoid erratic display, and strong-interactive services such as VR requires a Wi-Fi delay less than 7 ms to avoid obvious freezing. Therefore, the Wi-Fi networks also need to be upgraded to ensure user experience. Fixed broadband networks urgently need to evolve to next-generation 10G PON networks to provide premium user experience with higher bandwidth and better Wi-Fi quality.

To meet the requirements of China Mobile (Shanghai)’s aim to deploy home gigabit networks on a large scale, Huawei provides the industry-leading 10G PON solution which features ultra-broadband access, high-performance Wi-Fi, and premium service experience. At the central office side, the next-generation distributed large-capacity OLT platform MA5800 is used to implement full-fiber access. A single MA5800 supports a maximum of 16,000 online 4K and VR video subscribers. To support smooth evolution from GPON to 10G PON and protect the investment of operators, Huawei provides the PON Combo solution which supports two modes on one board. In this way, evolution from GPON to 10G PON requires no change in central offices or fiber routes, and terminals can be deployed on demand. In addition, the MA5800 has the highest density and minimum power consumption in the industry, enabling full-fiber networks with the optimal total cost of ownership per bit. With respect to user experience, the MA5800 features the high-performance multi-core multi-process technology, enabling 4,000 video subscribers to complete channel switching within one second. The system-level large buffer can better meet the requirements of high burst, low delay, and low packet loss rate for high-traffic VR videos.

To meet new home connection requirements, China Mobile (Shanghai) adopts Huawei's 10G PON gigabit gateway products to support a network rate of up to 10 Gbps and provide gigabit ultra-broadband access for bandwidth-hungry services such as video, VR, and games. In terms of Wi-Fi, Huawei-developed chips and optimization algorithms effectively solves key problems that affect the home user experience, such as strong signal conflicts, large interference, poor coverage, and slow speeds. The proprietary optimization algorithm greatly reduces the Wi-Fi transmission delay, solves video and game stalling, and ensures a premium immersive service experience in services such as 4K/8K videos, online gaming, and cloud VR.

A senior manager of China Mobile (Shanghai) said: "We are dedicated to providing the ultimate home broadband service experience for end users. Huawei's end-to-end 10G PON solution can effectively support our goal of building gigabit broadband networks to ensure stable user experience in new services such as 4K/8K videos and VR. In the future, China Mobile (Shanghai) hopes to work with partners like Huawei to build the first "dual-gigabit city" to provide a premium subscriber experience while promoting the digital economy in the Yangtze River Delta."

The rapid development of 4K/8K and VR/AR video services drives home broadband to accelerate to the gigabit era. Huawei's 10G PON solution meets users' requirements for high-bandwidth, high-performance Wi-Fi, and premium experience networks. In the future, Huawei will cooperate with China Mobile (Shanghai) to build Shanghai into the first dual-gigabit city.

So far, Huawei has helped more than 30 leading operators deploy 10G PON networks in a large scale, ranking first in the global market share. As a world-leading ultra-broadband solutions provider, Huawei continues to lead technological innovations and works jointly with industry partners to promote the development of the full-fiber access industry, helping operators build ultra-broadband access networks centered on user experience, achieve differentiated competitiveness, and realize business success.

https://www.huawei.com/en/press-eve...-chinamobile-shanghai-first-dual-gigabit-city

 

[cirr]

Huawei P30 Pro Creates History, Receives TWAN Certification for Unmatched Astrophotography Capabilities

IE Team 16/04/2019

Disrupting the smartphone photography space once and for all, Huawei’s latest flagship device, the Huawei P30 Pro has achieved yet another milestone by receiving a certification by TWAN (The World At Night) for unparalleled astrophotography capabilities. TWAN, a global photography project, backed by The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the International Astronomical Union (IAU) exhibits and highlights the astonishing efforts of astrophotographers, globally.

TWAN Astrophotography Certificate

TWAN certified Huawei P30 Pro for its unmatched low light photography & videography dexterity, low range photography and landscape photography to achieve distinguished astrophotography. The device features a 40MP primary camera with HUAWEI SuperSpectrum Sensor, a 20MP ultra-wide angle camera, an 8MP telephoto camera fitted with SuperZoom Lens (supports high fidelity magnification of 5 times optical zoom, 10 times hybrid zoom and 50 times digital zoom) and HUAWEI TOF Camera and a 32MP front camera that takes selfies to a new level. The all-new sensor, lens arrangement, image signal processor (ISP) and neural processing unit (NPU) work in tandem to capture incredible photos and videos.

TWAN Astrophotography Certificate

Moreover, the 1/1.7-inch HUAWEI SuperSpectrum Sensor looks at light in a fundamentally new way. The RYYB HUAWEI SuperSpectrum Sensor deviates from the traditional RGGB Bayer filter by replacing green pixels with yellow pixels, yielding a high maximum ISO rating of 409,600 on the HUAWEI P30 Pro- something that is unheard of in any DSLR till date.

The most significant aspect for astrophotography is to shoot the elements of the night sky along with the elements of earth in the same image. Gauging the miraculous camera capabilities of Huawei P30 Pro fulfilling all such characteristics, TWAN has accredited the smartphone as the most suitable device for capturing the stunning night sky.

TWAN highly appreciated the ‘Star Trail’ mode of P30 Pro – which can make star gazing a pure delight for astrophotographers. Another wonderful feature of Huawei P30 Pro which deeply impressed the jury at TWAN is its capability of shooting raw images. Huawei P30 Pro can take exquisite raw astro-images by boosting its camera exposure upto 30 seconds (on tripod), making the device a superior companion for astrophotographers.

The phone’s world-first capabilities in terms of Optical Zoom, Digital Zoom, and low light performance makes it an excellent choice for photography and videography, especially astrophotography.

TWAN, one of the global leaders in producing and presenting high-quality photos and videos of the night sky, analysed the camera potential of Huawei P30 Pro on various parameters and certified it as the most competent device in the industry for photography.

https://www.newsr.in/n/Press+Releas...eates-History-Receives-TWAN-Certification.htm

 

[cirr]

People in Taiwan are queueing up to buy Huawei P30/P30 Pro

https://www.bilibili.com/video/av49977316
https://www.bilibili.com/video/av49904111

What's going on? @TaiShang

 

[TaiShang]

Huawei Unveils AirEngine as New Wi-Fi Brand and Announces Global Mass-Market Deployment of Its Wi-Fi 6 Products

Apr 19, 2019

[Shenzhen, China, April 19, 2019] At the Huawei Global Analyst Summit 2019, Huawei and Wi-Fi Alliance (WFA) held a media roundtable meeting with the theme of “Wi-Fi 6, Unlocking Business Value.” At the media roundtable, Huawei announced AirEngine as its new Wi-Fi brand, which will be applied to its full series of enterprise-class Wi-Fi 6 products. Additionally, with global media and analysts present onsite, Huawei highlighted that its Wi-Fi 6 products have been deployed on a large scale in five major regions worldwide.

Emerging applications such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and 4K require more bandwidth, higher concurrency, and lower latency, which poses challenges to traditional Wi-Fi networks. These challenges must be resolved as quickly as possible during enterprises’ digital transformation. That’s where Huawei’s AirEngine comes in. AirEngine is proof of Huawei's commitment to high-quality Wi-Fi networks. It serves as a wireless connection engine that accelerates the digital transformation of enterprise services.

Three compelling benefits make AirEngine stand out: ultra-high performance, optimal user experience, and enablement of new business. AirEngine features the industry’s best performance, as verified by Tolly, an influential international testing organization. AirEngine builds on technical strengths originating from Huawei 5G smart antenna technology and intelligent application acceleration technologies, and achieves intelligent optimization for optimal user experience and service continuity. AirEngine can also accommodate new applications such as 4K and VR, and leverage in-depth cooperation with partners to achieve wireless transformation for teaching, research, manufacturing, and other mission-critical services, enabling new business.

Zhao Zhipeng, President of Campus Network Domain of Huawei Data Communication Product Line, shares his insightful ideas about AirEngine

“With unmatched technical strengths, Huawei AirEngine enables wireless networks to efficiently and reliably carry traditional wired network services. Typical benefits include smooth VR/AR teaching in education, 4K high-definition conferences and wireless offices for enterprises, as well as packet loss-free Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) in industrial manufacturing environments. Huawei AirEngine will accelerate digital transformation of enterprises across various industries,” said Zhao Zhipeng, President of Campus Network Domain of Huawei Data Communication Product Line. “Huawei, a leading contributor to the Wi-Fi 6 standard, has been actively promoting the development of the entire industry. Huawei is the first vendor to release commercial Wi-Fi 6 products. Currently, our Wi-Fi 6 APs have been deployed in five major regions around the world.”

At the media roundtable, Kevin Robinson, Vice President of Marketing for WFA, shared the latest Wi-Fi 6 industry developments and forecasts and gave insightful ideas about the impact of Wi-Fi 6 on enterprises’ digital transformation. He stated: “We appreciate Huawei’s great contributions to the development of Wi-Fi 6, from standards and prototypes all the way to commercial use. WFA believes that 2019 will be the year of Wi-Fi 6 commercial use, and it will launch a Wi-Fi 6 certification program in the third quarter of 2019.”

AirEngine is specifically designed for the building of leading high-quality Wi-Fi networks that feature high-performance connections, optimal user experience, and enablement of new business. Huawei and partners will collaborate closely to provide ubiquitous connectivity and pervasive intelligence for government and enterprise customers. In addition, Huawei will continue to use the Digital Platform to integrate new ICT, helping customers to navigate digital transformation.

People in Taiwan are queueing up to buy Huawei P30/P30 Pro

https://www.bilibili.com/video/av49977316
https://www.bilibili.com/video/av49904111

What's going on? @TaiShang

Huawei is very hot. But I have not gone to any Huawei store recently. I like to visit Xiaomi store more often because they have a wider variety of home appliances and stationary products.

Unfortunately, most products are sold out once they are shelved.

 

[cirr]

Huawei’s first quarter revenue increases by 39%

on: April 22, 2019In: Brief, Business Practice, Company profile, Economics &

Huawei Technologies, the world’s largest telecoms equipment vendor and a top 3 smartphone brand, said it registered strong growth in all business segments in the first three months of 2019, indicating resilience in the face of US pressure to curtail its participation in the roll out of global 5G network infrastructure, said the South China Morning Post.

Huawei generated revenue of RMB 179.7 billion ($26.8 billion), an increase of 39% year-on-year. The company’s net profit margin in the first quarter was about 8%, slightly higher than the same period last year, according to Huawei in its first quarterly release of business results ever.

In Q1 2019, Huawei also said it shipped 59 million smartphones. No revenue figures for specific business segments were announced.

.............................................................................................................................................

2019 Q1, Samsung 69 million，Huawei 59 million，Apple 44 million。
2018 Q1, Samsung 78 million，Huawei 39 million，Apple 52.2 million。(IDC)

Samsung down -11.54% y-o-y，Huawei up 51.28% y-o-y，Apple down -15.71% y-o-y.

 

[TaiShang]

2019 Q1, Samsung 69 million，Huawei 59 million，Apple 44 million。
2018 Q1, Samsung 78 million，Huawei 39 million，Apple 52.2 million。(IDC)

Samsung down -11.54% y-o-y，Huawei up 51.28% y-o-y，Apple down -15.71% y-o-y.

Very promising.

***

Huawei Does Not Make Cars. Focusing on ICT, Huawei Aims to Enable Car OEMs to Build Better Vehicles

Apr 17, 2019

[Shanghai, China, April 17, 2019] At the 2019 International Auto Key Tech Forum, Huawei Rotating Chairman Eric Xu delivered a keynote speech: Embrace the Convergence of Automotive & ICT Industries.

The automotive industry is increasingly turning to information and communication technology (ICT) as a new key technology. Xu noted, "Together with the deep convergence of automotive and ICT, intelligent connected electric vehicle emerges as a new revolutionary development engine of human society, with its impact goes far beyond the two industries themselves."

In the face of evolutionary changes, Huawei has made its strategic choice. "Huawei does not make cars", said Xu. "Focusing on ICT, Huawei aims to enable car OEMs to build better vehicles." He stressed, "Based on ICT, Huawei aims to be a digital car oriented and new-added components provider."

Huawei Rotating Chairman Eric Xu delivered a keynote speech at the 2019 International Auto Key Tech Forum

With over 30 years of experience in ICT and an ongoing focus on this area, Huawei will offer the following to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of cars:

• MDC (Mobile Data Center) in-vehicle computing platform and intelligent driving subsystem solution
• Octopus: Huawei Cloud based cloud service for autonomous driving (training, simulation, test)
• 4G/5G in-vehicle communication module/T-Box, network solutions
• HUAWEI HiCar people-car-home connectivity solution for all scenarios

https://www.huawei.com/en/press-events/news/2019/4/huawei-enable-car-oems-build-better-vehicles

***

But I want this :

 

[cirr]

Huawei unveils the world's first 5G telematics module - the MH5000

华为推出“世界首款”5G车载模组

2019-04-23 09:18:40 来源：观察者网

（观察者网讯）据华为网站4月22日消息，在2019上海国际汽车工业展览会上，华为展示业界首款5G车载模组MH5000，该模组高度集成车路协同的C-V2X技术，共同助力未来智慧出行。华为5G车载模组将于2019年下半年为汽车行业开启5G商用进程。

华为在2019上海国际汽车工业博览会展示全球首款5G车载模组 图片来自华为网站

华为在2019年1月推出5G多模终端芯片Balong 5000，该芯片凭借单芯多模、高速率、支持V2X等多项创新技术，全面开启5G时代。基于该芯片，华为开发出高速率、高质量的全球首款5G车载模组。作为未来汽车智慧出行的重要通信产品，该款5G车载模组将推动汽车行业快速迈向5G时代，同时还集成车路协同的C-V2X技术，助力智慧交通和智能驾驶。

作为具备端到端的芯片、通信模组、T-Box自主研发能力的车载通信方案提供商，华为致力于打造专业的车载通信产品。此次亮相的5G车载模组，通过硬件前向兼容设计、开放式软件平台的创新，快速实现车载终端从4.5G向5G的演进，最大程度保护汽车厂商和合作伙伴的研发投资。

华为称其车载C-V2X解决方案已经在无锡、上海、深圳、雄安、海南、襄阳、柳州等各个试验区，与国内外十多家汽车厂商成功完成城市开放道路测试，也和多个合作伙伴进行协议栈和应用的集成验证，专业的车载通信能力得到了行业高度认可。

 

[TaiShang]

First Quarter iPhone Sales Paled Against Huawei, Industry Report Shows

QIAN TONGXIN
DATE : APR 24 2019/SOURCE : YICAI

First Quarter iPhone Sales Paled Against Huawei, Industry Report Shows

(Yicai Global) April 24 -- Apple iPhone sales made up just 70 percent of all Huawei handset sales in the first quarter, according to industry research from OTR Global.

The American tech firm shifted between 37 million and 42 million iPhones, less than Wall Street predictions of between 40 million and 50 million, a recent investor note shows. Huawei's April 22 financial report for the period claims Apple's Chinese counterpart shifted 59 million smartphones, its highest ever first-quarter sales count.

Declining iPhone sales are largely a result of the latest iPhone models released last year, the XR, XS and XS Max, OTR said, adding that older handsets like the iPhone 8 fared better.

The Californian firm began lowering its prices late last year in a bid to win over more price-sensitive buyers, but the strategy has yet to pay off.

It will release its first quarter financials later this month, with forecasts of a revenue tally between USD55 billion and USD59 billion for the period, an up to 35 percent drop from the USD84.3 billion in the final fourth of last year. Researcher Canalys reckons Apple's worldwide sales also fell 7.3 percent from last year's third to fourth quarter.

https://www.yicaiglobal.com/news/fi...es-paled-against-huawei-industry-report-shows

 

[TaiShang]

[Exclusive] Huawei to Open Its First Global Public 5G Lab in South Korea

QUAN XIAOXING
DATE : APR 24 2019/SOURCE : YICAI

[Exclusive] Huawei to Open Its First Global Public 5G Lab in South Korea


(Yicai Global) April 24 -- Shenzhen's telecom giant Huawei Technologies is planning to launch its first public fifth-generation wireless network lab in Seoul in mid-May, an industry insider told Yicai Global.

Huawei will demonstrate the use of 5G technologies in smart cities, factories, homes as well as innovative products, an unnamed person in the South Korean communications sector told Yicai Global.

Huawei is working with South Korean mobile operator LG Uplus to provide 5G base station equipment to the latter, the same source said, adding that more cooperation with other players in the sector such as SK Telecom and KT may be on its way.

Huawei and one South Korean operator have been in preliminary talks about collaboration, the South Korean firm that wanted to stay unnamed told Yicai Global upon inquiry.

https://www.yicaiglobal.com/news/ex...its-global-first-public-5g-lab-in-south-korea

@Dungeness , @long_ , @cirr , @JSCh , @AndrewJin , @sinait , @Stranagor

***

US mercenary rapist army in South Korea?

 

[TaiShang]

Huawei’s new 5G auto chip is more proof of technological prowess

By Wen Sheng Source:Global Times Published: 2019/4/23

Two starkly different stories appeared among the tech news headlines in recent weeks. Last week, Intel abruptly announced it is giving up its 5G modem development. And on Monday, Huawei launched the world's first 5G communications module for vehicles, making a formal bid to become a key supplier for self-driving autos.

Based on these new MH5000 chips, "Huawei has developed the world's first 5G car module with high speed and high quality," the company said in a statement.

English readers engaged in heated debate over these two stories. Some openly mocked US President Donald Trump's spoken ambitions to position the US as the frontrunner in the 5G contest. Others heralded China's un-trumpeted but steadfast efforts in exploring the new-generation superfast wireless technology.

By all metrics, Huawei is the global leader in 5G research and development, 5G network rollout, 5G device shipments and, increasingly, 5G penetration into home appliances like televisions and now vehicles.

It seems that Huawei's globally leading ICT (information and communication technology) solutions, which often combine state-of-the-art hardware with the most innovative software, are growing even more solid. Despite pressure from North America, Huawei reported a staggering 39 percent jump in business revenue in the first three months this year.

At the same time, the company has now proved to the world that it is increasingly able to brush aside intentional US obstruction and ill-willed assault. For many years, the US government has barred Huawei equipment and devices from entering its market, and now, its dissuasion for its allies to block Huawei technology is becoming more intense.

As a matter of fact, Huawei's technological prowess is embedded with its distinctive corporate structure, and its innovative gene has endowed it with formidable competitiveness in the marketplace.

Of Huawei's 200,000 or so employees, about half of them own company shares, with the founder and CEO Ren Zhengfei owning only 1.3 percent. The highly dispersed and equitable distribution of Huawei's shares means the tech giant is owned by about 90,000 of its employees, who will give their best efforts to make Huawei a success. No doubt these dedicated people will be able to overcome any obstacles the US puts before them.

As more governments in Asia, Africa, South America and Europe decide to import and deploy Huawei's advanced 5G wireless gear, and global customers form miles-long queues to buy Huawei's 5G smartphones, few would doubt the company's bright future.

@GS Zhou , @Kai Liu , @TANAHH , @oprih , @cirr , @AndrewJin , @JSCh , @Dungeness , @long_

 

[cirr]

华为王成录：解密方舟编译器和EMUI未来四大演进方向！

2019-04-27 09:23:56

今年8月，华为方舟编译框架代码将开源，11月完整方舟编译器代码开源。

据“智东西”微信公众号（zhidxcom）4月25日消息，两周前华为年度第一款旗舰机P30，同时宣布将操作系统升级为EMUI9.1。 在发布会上，华为推出了方舟编译器和超级文件系统EROFS两大创新亮点。

由于发布会时间限制，当时华为仅仅用两页PPT粗略地介绍了这两项技术作用。 据华为方面表示，自发布会后，华为软件OpenLab团队的电话几乎要被打爆了，很多开发者都想要了解方舟编译器更多的信息。

▲华为CBG软件部总裁 王成录

今天，智东西与少数媒体参与了华为EMUI软件沟通会，会上华为CBG软件部总裁王成录详细介绍了方舟编译器和超级文件系统EROFS两项技术的原理以及研发背后的细节，以及EMUI未来的主攻方向。

什么是方舟编译器？

分享会一开始，王成录博士先介绍了EMUI演进过程以及近几年来，华为在系统软件上针对用户使用中的痛点问题进行的有针对性的优化。 比如EMUI5.0主要解决安卓系统卡顿问题，EMUI8.2上线了GPU Turbo主攻游戏性能受限问题，EMUI9.0上线了Link Turbo主攻网络覆盖不均问题，EMUI9.1则上线了方舟编译器和超级文件系统EROFS，针对安卓流畅度不足问题。

当前安卓平台的绝大多数应用是使用Java写的，但在底层，最终真正能让计算机“听懂”并执行的其实是机器语言，也就是由0和1组成的二进制代码。 所以，这中间必须存在着由高级语言到机器语言的转化。

一般来说有两种办法：

(1)引入一个中间层，其工作的方式是，理解一句Java语句就将其翻译为机器码，让硬件执行一下，称之为解释执行。 这种方式对代码不加筛选，执行效率非常低。

（2）直接把高级语言翻译成机器语言。 这又有两种方式： 一是在程序运行之前，把高级语言编译为机器语言，称之为 AOT（Ahead of time）编译； 二是，在程序运行后，实时地把高级语言编译为机器语言并执行，称之为 JIT（Just in time） 编译。

在安卓5.0之前，安卓采用的是解释执行 + JIT 的方式执行高级语言代码，属于边解释边执行模式，但效率非常低。 随后安卓版本不断迭代，在安卓6.0 阶段推出了虚拟机 ART。

目前安卓采用的就是解释执行 + JIT + AOT 的综合模式。

那么，编译器又是什么呢？ 编译器就是将计算机高级编程语言转化为机器可执行的机器语言的工具，也就是直接转化为二进制代码。 可以说是一步到位的编译。

用方舟编译器做出来的APK，下载到手机上直接就是机器语言，也就是二进制代码，机器直接就可以运行，不需要再做编译了，这是方舟编译器最本质的技术突破。

编译器的研发难不难？ 编译器开发是需要长期大量研发积累，王成录博士也坦言需要“板凳要坐十年冷”。 同时，开发编译器需要研发人员既精通高级语言，对各种框架等非常熟悉，又要对机器语言了如指掌，对研究人员要求非常高。 谷歌生态建立了这么久，其规模非常庞大，其上的框架和、应用等非常多，想要重新做一个适配谷歌生态的编译器，工作量可想而知，是非常巨大的。

华为是如何作出方舟编译器呢？ 据王博士介绍，华为在编译器研发上的积累，可以追溯到2009年，华为海思研发起步时，当时吸引了第一批海内外研究人员加入，创建了编译组。 2013年，华为自研并推出了用于基站的编译器HCC，这也是华为编译器框架构想的正式提出，也是方舟编译器的前身。

2014年，Fred Chow（ 周志德）加入华为并担任华为编译器技术首席科学家，建立了方舟编译器的主架构。 2015年华为推出自研编程语言CM，2016年成立编译器与编程语言实验室，2019年华为正式推出方舟编译器。 前前后后共计十年时间，经过了几百位研究人员的努力，投入的资金也有几亿美元了。

王成录博士表示，有了方舟编译器优化的安卓系统在DNA上与苹果iOS系统接近了。 华为下一步要做的工作就是推动生态建立，不断将系统进行优化，让用户用上更纯净的安卓软件。

方舟编译器的四大技术亮点：

1、是一种多语言联合优化编译器，消除了跨语言调用的开销

据王成录博士介绍，当前Top级的应用95%以上都采用混合语言模式，涉及多种开发语言。 具体来说是程序的逻辑部分采用Java语言编写，但为了增强安全性、可靠性、兼容性等能力，应用开发者可能会用C语言写库，供Java调用。 Java和C语言之间调用，是一定要通过接口去使用，这就会形成额外的性能开销，而且相比于不需要调用的情况开销很大。

而方舟编译器则可以让不同语言代码在程序开发环境中环境中编译成一套语言统一的可执行文件，在硬件的运行环境高效执行。 也就是说，方舟编译器中吸纳了现在安卓生态中的各种主流框架和库，对不同语言做了统一的程序优化，直接编译成机器指令。

2、程序运行时无需依赖虚拟机，减少资源占用，并且建立了高效的内存回收机制

Java语言有非常多的优势，包括跨平台、分布式，安全性高等。 Java语言在设计之初，有一个Java语言开发包，其中有一个非常重要的东西，就是虚拟机。 虚拟机的作用是，无论使用什么样的硬件，都可以将其抽象成Java的运行环境，因此可以实现跨平台，无论是X86、ARM架构，还是CPU的机器都没问题。 虚拟机的出现则带来了一个问题，只要把Java语言开发包装上，虚拟机就一定会分配好，占用额外的系统资源。

那么ART虚拟机的作用是什么呢？ 就是运行之前先把编译准备好了，是一种静态编译。 通过引入了JIT编译和AOT编译能解决一部分效率问题，但是对于Java动态特性的部分仍做不到直接编译，还是要解释执行。 Java动态特性是为了降低开发难度，不需要开发者把所有的程序都写好，只要能够运行时实现调用就可以了。 这部分往往只能在运行时进行处理。

方舟编译器最大的突破就在这里，把动态的部分全部变为静态编译，其核心是一定要对Java语言动态特性非常深入理解。 “就像一个优秀的翻译官一定对汉语言文学理解的非常到位，然后再对英语理解非常到位。 ”Java是非常庞大的，需要对安卓现有的应用，可能会用到哪些库，这些库之间怎么用理解，需要大量的分析运行状态，才能够将这些动态特性完成提前的编译。 同时由于方舟编译器统一将程序编译为机器语言，所以也是跨硬件平台的。

早期C/C++需要开发者自己管理程序对系统内存的使用和释放，影响开发效率。 Java的虚拟机模式提供了内存GC（垃圾回收）机制，在内存进行全局回收时，所有部分都要停下来，等待回收完成，这是产生随机卡顿的重要原因。

方舟编译器则是在编译时，为程序配备及时回收的内存处理机制。 在程序运行的过程中都在实施处理，这是方舟编译器又一个非常重要的技术突破。

3、可针对不同应用灵活编译优化，翻译出性能更佳的机器指令

一个翻译器做得好不好，重要的衡量标准是能不能给程序带来性能提升。 “编译器和翻译人类语言是一样的，翻译出来不太难，但是要翻译的又快又好就太难了。 ”

所以，当方舟编译器整套逻辑通了之后，还需要做大量的优化和调整。 一方面需要对Java语言的了解再深入再细致再重建； 另一方面对机器指令顺序结构理解要更清楚。 这两个匹配的方法越准确，编译器效率越高。 王成录博士表示，“一个好的编译器，开发者一行代码都不需要修改，性能能提升10%到20%”。

现有的安卓编译，大部分代码在虚拟机环境运行，其创建遵循同一套“模板”，所以难以作深度的优化。

方舟编译器可针对不同应用灵活编译优化，每个应用编译优化方案由开发者自己来定，分别形成不同应用优化后的机器码。

王成录博士表示，方舟编译器从立项之初最理想的目标就是不需要开发者更改业务代码，大家只需要通过华为的方舟编译器做重新编译就足够了。 现在可能还需要开发者作一些对接，但很快随着一些应用进入，这个目标很快就能实现。

4、开发者学习和使用成本低，打包时即编译

方舟编译器的又一亮点是，在应用开发构建的阶段为开发者提供快速的集成编译环境。 而现行安卓系统则是在用户将应用下载后，在终端上实现编译的。

据王成录博士介绍，在同一硬件平台上，方舟编译器让系统操作流畅度提升了24%，系统响应速度提升44%，第三方应用操作流畅度提升60%。 在内存回收机制上方舟编译器已经赶超了苹果iOS系统。

方舟编译器在今年4月随着华为P30系列发布并宣布开源，华为接下已经为方舟编译器制定好了上市计划。 今年8月，在华为终端开发者大会上，华为将开源方舟编译框架代码，供开发者研究参考，11月的绿盟开发者大会上，华为将完整方舟编译器代码开源，让开发者可编译使用。

什么是超级文件系统EROFS？

随着存储介质的进步，文件系统也在被驱动着演进。 文件系统对磁盘读写效率有着重要影响。 此前，华为曾推出过F2FS，2016年就在华为P9上应用了，而这个是面向用户分区的。 今天要提的超级文件系统EROFS，则是针对系统分区的。

安卓系统采用的模式是EXT4，文件块定长输入，变长输出，导致同一个文件块的内容可能会出现在不同的磁盘块中，读取时造成了浪费。

超级文件系统EROFS的特点是： 1、随机读写的性能提升了20%； 2、采用先进的压缩算法，减少了2GB； 3、采用只读模式，让系统更安全。 目前，EROFS文件系统已经开源，并已经合入Linux内核主线，在4.19版本发布。

据王成录博士介绍，这一系统是华为研发人员一行行写出来，100%原创。 其中，王成录博士特别提到了压缩算法，也是华为申请了专利的一项技术。

而EROFS文件系统的压缩算法采用的则是文件块变长输入，磁盘块定长输出。 也就是说，将不同长度的文件块压缩成为统一大小的磁盘块，这样做的好处是不存在无效的读取。

这样做的好处是，随机读性能平均提升20%。 升级包大小下降约5%-10%，升级时间缩短了约20%。

EMUI未来演进的四大方向

在分享会上，智东西问到王博士，未来EMUI的优化方向有哪些时，王博士回答说主要集中在四个方面：

第一，基础的性能仍然会持续投资 ，随着硬件的变化，软件的变化，上面应用的变化，对系统资源的应用永远没有够的那一天，所以这个投资还会持续。

第二，体验 ，虽然很多消费者对于华为UI吐槽非常多，但确实众口难调。 王博士认为UI的背后一定有科学依据。 “我们现在找到的方向就是人因，我们在使用一个设备的时候一定要考虑设备本身的因素，环境因素和人的因素，这三个因素都考虑全了，在给消费者不同场景下恰当的反馈，这才是最好的体验。 ”

什么是好的体验？ 就是手的操作和眼睛看到的，跟大脑期望是协调的这就是好的操作。 现在很多的体验设计是缺少建模的，一定要根据不同的人群年龄段，性别去构建人的模型，看多大的字体更合适，多大的对比度，对这一类的人群是合适的，所以这种模型会构建的越来越完善，变成系统里面UI的算法，在不同场景下就会不一样，这一块华为努力在做。

第三，创新， 这个创新指的是，随着应用的不一样，场景的不同，没有必要让所有的应用严格的按照这个软件的过程，一步一步都走完。 打个比方，有个应用运行了无数次了，已经证明是一个非常高质量、安全的应用，就没有必要每次都做那么复杂的处理。

第四，中国在软件工程领域非常缺人。 软件开发人员经验的积累，能不能沉淀为工具和平台很关键，在中国没有出现过一个非常优秀的软件工具平台。

在会上，王博士还特意提到了生态构建的重要性。 目前，在终端生态构建上，华为已建立三大开发者生态： 以HiAI平台建立AI开发者生态； 以Link Turbo和方舟编译器建立应用生态； 以HiLink和 HiCar建立连接生态。

此外，王成录介绍说，今年Link Turbo将有突破，升级到2.0版本，将带来对更多华为终端与更多应用的支持，让更多用户能享受极速流畅的网络体验。

结语： 华为EMUI正在从系统底层进行优化

无论是方舟编译器还是超级文件系统EROFS，都是华为在系统底层进行优化的重要一步。 无论是方舟编译器还是超级文件系统EROFS，都是华为在系统底层进行优化的重要一步。 当然，安卓开发生态建立多年，其优势在于开源和自由，而其劣势则也正是由此带来的无序性发展，导致了终端运行效率低下。 而作为头部的智能手机厂商，华为推出这个内容的初心是想进一步提升安卓系统的流畅性，也是出于自身发展和产品性能和体验提升的考虑。

不过，也正如王成录博士所说的那样，华为做方舟编译器是想要帮安卓阵营解决实际问题的，仅仅华为一家之力是不够的，还需要终端厂商、开发者等一起努力。

https://www.guancha.cn/industry-science/2019_04_27_499396.shtml?s=sygdkx

 

[TaiShang]

Prime Minister of Malaysia Visits Huawei

Apr 25, 2019

[Beijing, China, April 25, 2019] Today, Malaysian Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad visited Huawei's Beijing Research Center and met with Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei. The two spoke at length about how to leverage information and communications technology (ICT) to better facilitate Malaysia's economic development and serve local communities.

Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei receiving Malaysian Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad

During the visit, the Prime Minister was briefed on Huawei's latest business developments. In addition, Huawei's technical experts explained the latest developments of Huawei's 5G technology to the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister also experienced Huawei's cloud services, as well as industry applications spanning smart city, smart manufacturing, and smart transportation. Using Huawei's telepresence system, the Prime Minister also spoke with students from Huawei's Seeds for the Future program, who were about 4,300 kilometers away in Huawei's Malaysia Office and at the Malaysia Global Training Center.

Group photo of representatives from Huawei and Malaysia

Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad remarked, "I am very much impressed by these demonstrations of the capabilities of Huawei. It is obvious that many people can use this technology to improve their performance. I had a very good morning here learning lots of new things. Achievements of Huawei are very remarkable and we are learning more on how to use artificial intelligence for many different applications. For many of us, this is a good lesson on how progress has been made by China and by Huawei."

Ren Zhengfei said, "Malaysia has a favorable geographic location. The country adopts an open and pragmatic approach to ICT, and has made future-oriented investment in this area. I believe that the widespread deployment of 5G networks will further boost the adoption of ICT and digital technology in Malaysia and accelerate the pace of development of its digital economy. Huawei will keep working hard to bridge the digital divide and nurture more ICT professionals in this country."

Since entering Malaysia in 2001, Huawei has maintained robust growth. Our regional headquarters is in Malaysia and we have established 11 shared service centers in the country, employing about 2,400 people, around 1,700 of whom are local hires. Huawei is committed to bringing the latest information and communications technology to Malaysia.

At the 5G Showcase held by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission on April 18, 2019, Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad made Malaysia's first 5G video call with Huawei's Mate X smartphone.

Huawei is also committed to leveraging ICT capabilities to fulfil its corporate social responsibilities. Over the past five years, Huawei has sponsored 76 outstanding Malaysian university students who have travelled to China as part of Huawei's Seeds for the Future program. Huawei's Global Training Center in Cyberjaya has cultivated more than 20,000 skilled ICT professionals for Malaysia.

https://www.huawei.com/en/press-events/news/2019/4/malaysian-prime-minister-visit-huawei-2019

@powastick , @Nan Yang , @sinait , @TANAHH

***

Dutch Telecom Provider KPN Partners with Huawei on Mobile Radio Network Modernization for 5G

Apr 26, 2019

[The Hague, the Netherlands, April 26th, 2019] Leading Dutch telecom provider KPN has signed a preliminary agreement with Huawei to start preparations for the construction of KPN’s new Mobile Radio Access Network in the Netherlands, as part of KPN’s mobile network modernization for 5G. KPN will make a separate decision for the 5G core network in line with its multi-vendor strategy.

“We appreciate KPN’s trust and are honored with their choice to partner with us for the mobile radio access network modernization. We are committed to supporting KPN in their ambitions to maintain and strengthen their lead in the global telecoms industry,” said Steven Cai, CEO of Huawei Benelux.

Cyber security is Huawei’s top priority

As a leading global provider of telecom networks which serves customers in 170 countries, Huawei strictly complies with laws and regulations in all countries and regions where it operates. Cyber security has always been Huawei’s top priority and the company has a proven track record of providing secure products and solutions for customers in Europe and around the world.

“We are aware of the concerns and discussions regarding safety and security. It is hard however to defend yourselves when no clear facts are on the table. For that reason we welcome the initiative of the Dutch government with the Taskforce. We will fully cooperate where needed and provide insights and answers where needed,” added Steven Cai.

R&D and innovation

With global R&D spending already accounting for 14% of total revenues in 2018, Huawei has announced that it will invest more than 100 billion USD in R&D in the next five years. About 45% of its 180,000 employees work in 18 R&D centers globally. The company has already deployed 70,000 5G sites worldwide and signed 40 commercial 5G contracts. Leveraging its experience and expertise in the ICT sector, Huawei promotes high-quality broadband connectivity for all.

Investing in the future

Huawei has 600 employees in the Netherlands, working from three offices in Amsterdam, The Hague and Eindhoven. In addition, Huawei has a European Logistics Center in Eindhoven. Earlier this year, Huawei also announced the opening of a R&D Center in the Netherlands.

Huawei believes that a future-proof mobile network is key in maintaining a frontrunner position regarding digital transformation in the Netherlands.

“Huawei is committed to bring the most advanced technology to support the digitalization strategy of the Netherlands. We appreciate the open investment climate here and have always felt very welcome. That’s why we would like to contribute to the realization of the ambitions of the Netherlands in the field of technology,” said Steven Cai.

https://www.huawei.com/en/press-events/news/2019/4/dutch-telecom-provider-kpn-partners-huawei

 

[sinait]

Prime Minister of Malaysia Visits Huawei

Apr 25, 2019

[Beijing, China, April 25, 2019] Today, Malaysian Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad visited Huawei's Beijing Research Center and met with Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei. The two spoke at length about how to leverage information and communications technology (ICT) to better facilitate Malaysia's economic development and serve local communities.

Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei receiving Malaysian Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad

During the visit, the Prime Minister was briefed on Huawei's latest business developments. In addition, Huawei's technical experts explained the latest developments of Huawei's 5G technology to the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister also experienced Huawei's cloud services, as well as industry applications spanning smart city, smart manufacturing, and smart transportation. Using Huawei's telepresence system, the Prime Minister also spoke with students from Huawei's Seeds for the Future program, who were about 4,300 kilometers away in Huawei's Malaysia Office and at the Malaysia Global Training Center.

Group photo of representatives from Huawei and Malaysia

Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad remarked, "I am very much impressed by these demonstrations of the capabilities of Huawei. It is obvious that many people can use this technology to improve their performance. I had a very good morning here learning lots of new things. Achievements of Huawei are very remarkable and we are learning more on how to use artificial intelligence for many different applications. For many of us, this is a good lesson on how progress has been made by China and by Huawei."

Ren Zhengfei said, "Malaysia has a favorable geographic location. The country adopts an open and pragmatic approach to ICT, and has made future-oriented investment in this area. I believe that the widespread deployment of 5G networks will further boost the adoption of ICT and digital technology in Malaysia and accelerate the pace of development of its digital economy. Huawei will keep working hard to bridge the digital divide and nurture more ICT professionals in this country."

Since entering Malaysia in 2001, Huawei has maintained robust growth. Our regional headquarters is in Malaysia and we have established 11 shared service centers in the country, employing about 2,400 people, around 1,700 of whom are local hires. Huawei is committed to bringing the latest information and communications technology to Malaysia.

At the 5G Showcase held by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission on April 18, 2019, Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad made Malaysia's first 5G video call with Huawei's Mate X smartphone.

Huawei is also committed to leveraging ICT capabilities to fulfil its corporate social responsibilities. Over the past five years, Huawei has sponsored 76 outstanding Malaysian university students who have travelled to China as part of Huawei's Seeds for the Future program. Huawei's Global Training Center in Cyberjaya has cultivated more than 20,000 skilled ICT professionals for Malaysia.

https://www.huawei.com/en/press-events/news/2019/4/malaysian-prime-minister-visit-huawei-2019

@powastick , @Nan Yang , @sinait , @TANAHH

***

Dutch Telecom Provider KPN Partners with Huawei on Mobile Radio Network Modernization for 5G

Apr 26, 2019

[The Hague, the Netherlands, April 26th, 2019] Leading Dutch telecom provider KPN has signed a preliminary agreement with Huawei to start preparations for the construction of KPN’s new Mobile Radio Access Network in the Netherlands, as part of KPN’s mobile network modernization for 5G. KPN will make a separate decision for the 5G core network in line with its multi-vendor strategy.

“We appreciate KPN’s trust and are honored with their choice to partner with us for the mobile radio access network modernization. We are committed to supporting KPN in their ambitions to maintain and strengthen their lead in the global telecoms industry,” said Steven Cai, CEO of Huawei Benelux.

Cyber security is Huawei’s top priority

As a leading global provider of telecom networks which serves customers in 170 countries, Huawei strictly complies with laws and regulations in all countries and regions where it operates. Cyber security has always been Huawei’s top priority and the company has a proven track record of providing secure products and solutions for customers in Europe and around the world.

“We are aware of the concerns and discussions regarding safety and security. It is hard however to defend yourselves when no clear facts are on the table. For that reason we welcome the initiative of the Dutch government with the Taskforce. We will fully cooperate where needed and provide insights and answers where needed,” added Steven Cai.

R&D and innovation

With global R&D spending already accounting for 14% of total revenues in 2018, Huawei has announced that it will invest more than 100 billion USD in R&D in the next five years. About 45% of its 180,000 employees work in 18 R&D centers globally. The company has already deployed 70,000 5G sites worldwide and signed 40 commercial 5G contracts. Leveraging its experience and expertise in the ICT sector, Huawei promotes high-quality broadband connectivity for all.

Investing in the future

Huawei has 600 employees in the Netherlands, working from three offices in Amsterdam, The Hague and Eindhoven. In addition, Huawei has a European Logistics Center in Eindhoven. Earlier this year, Huawei also announced the opening of a R&D Center in the Netherlands.

Huawei believes that a future-proof mobile network is key in maintaining a frontrunner position regarding digital transformation in the Netherlands.

“Huawei is committed to bring the most advanced technology to support the digitalization strategy of the Netherlands. We appreciate the open investment climate here and have always felt very welcome. That’s why we would like to contribute to the realization of the ambitions of the Netherlands in the field of technology,” said Steven Cai.

https://www.huawei.com/en/press-events/news/2019/4/dutch-telecom-provider-kpn-partners-huawei

Huawei have to be extra careful when dealing with this INDIAN DOUBLE HEADED SNAKE Mahathir of Malaysia.
He is the one who first started the rampant corruption in Malaysia by holding both the Prime Minister and Finance portfolio.
.

 

[Dungeness]

华为王成录：解密方舟编译器和EMUI未来四大演进方向！

2019-04-27 09:23:56

今年8月，华为方舟编译框架代码将开源，11月完整方舟编译器代码开源。

据“智东西”微信公众号（zhidxcom）4月25日消息，两周前华为年度第一款旗舰机P30，同时宣布将操作系统升级为EMUI9.1。 在发布会上，华为推出了方舟编译器和超级文件系统EROFS两大创新亮点。

由于发布会时间限制，当时华为仅仅用两页PPT粗略地介绍了这两项技术作用。 据华为方面表示，自发布会后，华为软件OpenLab团队的电话几乎要被打爆了，很多开发者都想要了解方舟编译器更多的信息。

▲华为CBG软件部总裁 王成录

今天，智东西与少数媒体参与了华为EMUI软件沟通会，会上华为CBG软件部总裁王成录详细介绍了方舟编译器和超级文件系统EROFS两项技术的原理以及研发背后的细节，以及EMUI未来的主攻方向。

什么是方舟编译器？

分享会一开始，王成录博士先介绍了EMUI演进过程以及近几年来，华为在系统软件上针对用户使用中的痛点问题进行的有针对性的优化。 比如EMUI5.0主要解决安卓系统卡顿问题，EMUI8.2上线了GPU Turbo主攻游戏性能受限问题，EMUI9.0上线了Link Turbo主攻网络覆盖不均问题，EMUI9.1则上线了方舟编译器和超级文件系统EROFS，针对安卓流畅度不足问题。

当前安卓平台的绝大多数应用是使用Java写的，但在底层，最终真正能让计算机“听懂”并执行的其实是机器语言，也就是由0和1组成的二进制代码。 所以，这中间必须存在着由高级语言到机器语言的转化。

一般来说有两种办法：

(1)引入一个中间层，其工作的方式是，理解一句Java语句就将其翻译为机器码，让硬件执行一下，称之为解释执行。 这种方式对代码不加筛选，执行效率非常低。

（2）直接把高级语言翻译成机器语言。 这又有两种方式： 一是在程序运行之前，把高级语言编译为机器语言，称之为 AOT（Ahead of time）编译； 二是，在程序运行后，实时地把高级语言编译为机器语言并执行，称之为 JIT（Just in time） 编译。

在安卓5.0之前，安卓采用的是解释执行 + JIT 的方式执行高级语言代码，属于边解释边执行模式，但效率非常低。 随后安卓版本不断迭代，在安卓6.0 阶段推出了虚拟机 ART。

目前安卓采用的就是解释执行 + JIT + AOT 的综合模式。

那么，编译器又是什么呢？ 编译器就是将计算机高级编程语言转化为机器可执行的机器语言的工具，也就是直接转化为二进制代码。 可以说是一步到位的编译。

用方舟编译器做出来的APK，下载到手机上直接就是机器语言，也就是二进制代码，机器直接就可以运行，不需要再做编译了，这是方舟编译器最本质的技术突破。

编译器的研发难不难？ 编译器开发是需要长期大量研发积累，王成录博士也坦言需要“板凳要坐十年冷”。 同时，开发编译器需要研发人员既精通高级语言，对各种框架等非常熟悉，又要对机器语言了如指掌，对研究人员要求非常高。 谷歌生态建立了这么久，其规模非常庞大，其上的框架和、应用等非常多，想要重新做一个适配谷歌生态的编译器，工作量可想而知，是非常巨大的。

华为是如何作出方舟编译器呢？ 据王博士介绍，华为在编译器研发上的积累，可以追溯到2009年，华为海思研发起步时，当时吸引了第一批海内外研究人员加入，创建了编译组。 2013年，华为自研并推出了用于基站的编译器HCC，这也是华为编译器框架构想的正式提出，也是方舟编译器的前身。

2014年，Fred Chow（ 周志德）加入华为并担任华为编译器技术首席科学家，建立了方舟编译器的主架构。 2015年华为推出自研编程语言CM，2016年成立编译器与编程语言实验室，2019年华为正式推出方舟编译器。 前前后后共计十年时间，经过了几百位研究人员的努力，投入的资金也有几亿美元了。

王成录博士表示，有了方舟编译器优化的安卓系统在DNA上与苹果iOS系统接近了。 华为下一步要做的工作就是推动生态建立，不断将系统进行优化，让用户用上更纯净的安卓软件。

方舟编译器的四大技术亮点：

1、是一种多语言联合优化编译器，消除了跨语言调用的开销

据王成录博士介绍，当前Top级的应用95%以上都采用混合语言模式，涉及多种开发语言。 具体来说是程序的逻辑部分采用Java语言编写，但为了增强安全性、可靠性、兼容性等能力，应用开发者可能会用C语言写库，供Java调用。 Java和C语言之间调用，是一定要通过接口去使用，这就会形成额外的性能开销，而且相比于不需要调用的情况开销很大。

而方舟编译器则可以让不同语言代码在程序开发环境中环境中编译成一套语言统一的可执行文件，在硬件的运行环境高效执行。 也就是说，方舟编译器中吸纳了现在安卓生态中的各种主流框架和库，对不同语言做了统一的程序优化，直接编译成机器指令。

2、程序运行时无需依赖虚拟机，减少资源占用，并且建立了高效的内存回收机制

Java语言有非常多的优势，包括跨平台、分布式，安全性高等。 Java语言在设计之初，有一个Java语言开发包，其中有一个非常重要的东西，就是虚拟机。 虚拟机的作用是，无论使用什么样的硬件，都可以将其抽象成Java的运行环境，因此可以实现跨平台，无论是X86、ARM架构，还是CPU的机器都没问题。 虚拟机的出现则带来了一个问题，只要把Java语言开发包装上，虚拟机就一定会分配好，占用额外的系统资源。

那么ART虚拟机的作用是什么呢？ 就是运行之前先把编译准备好了，是一种静态编译。 通过引入了JIT编译和AOT编译能解决一部分效率问题，但是对于Java动态特性的部分仍做不到直接编译，还是要解释执行。 Java动态特性是为了降低开发难度，不需要开发者把所有的程序都写好，只要能够运行时实现调用就可以了。 这部分往往只能在运行时进行处理。

方舟编译器最大的突破就在这里，把动态的部分全部变为静态编译，其核心是一定要对Java语言动态特性非常深入理解。 “就像一个优秀的翻译官一定对汉语言文学理解的非常到位，然后再对英语理解非常到位。 ”Java是非常庞大的，需要对安卓现有的应用，可能会用到哪些库，这些库之间怎么用理解，需要大量的分析运行状态，才能够将这些动态特性完成提前的编译。 同时由于方舟编译器统一将程序编译为机器语言，所以也是跨硬件平台的。

早期C/C++需要开发者自己管理程序对系统内存的使用和释放，影响开发效率。 Java的虚拟机模式提供了内存GC（垃圾回收）机制，在内存进行全局回收时，所有部分都要停下来，等待回收完成，这是产生随机卡顿的重要原因。

方舟编译器则是在编译时，为程序配备及时回收的内存处理机制。 在程序运行的过程中都在实施处理，这是方舟编译器又一个非常重要的技术突破。

3、可针对不同应用灵活编译优化，翻译出性能更佳的机器指令

一个翻译器做得好不好，重要的衡量标准是能不能给程序带来性能提升。 “编译器和翻译人类语言是一样的，翻译出来不太难，但是要翻译的又快又好就太难了。 ”

所以，当方舟编译器整套逻辑通了之后，还需要做大量的优化和调整。 一方面需要对Java语言的了解再深入再细致再重建； 另一方面对机器指令顺序结构理解要更清楚。 这两个匹配的方法越准确，编译器效率越高。 王成录博士表示，“一个好的编译器，开发者一行代码都不需要修改，性能能提升10%到20%”。

现有的安卓编译，大部分代码在虚拟机环境运行，其创建遵循同一套“模板”，所以难以作深度的优化。

方舟编译器可针对不同应用灵活编译优化，每个应用编译优化方案由开发者自己来定，分别形成不同应用优化后的机器码。

王成录博士表示，方舟编译器从立项之初最理想的目标就是不需要开发者更改业务代码，大家只需要通过华为的方舟编译器做重新编译就足够了。 现在可能还需要开发者作一些对接，但很快随着一些应用进入，这个目标很快就能实现。

4、开发者学习和使用成本低，打包时即编译

方舟编译器的又一亮点是，在应用开发构建的阶段为开发者提供快速的集成编译环境。 而现行安卓系统则是在用户将应用下载后，在终端上实现编译的。

据王成录博士介绍，在同一硬件平台上，方舟编译器让系统操作流畅度提升了24%，系统响应速度提升44%，第三方应用操作流畅度提升60%。 在内存回收机制上方舟编译器已经赶超了苹果iOS系统。

方舟编译器在今年4月随着华为P30系列发布并宣布开源，华为接下已经为方舟编译器制定好了上市计划。 今年8月，在华为终端开发者大会上，华为将开源方舟编译框架代码，供开发者研究参考，11月的绿盟开发者大会上，华为将完整方舟编译器代码开源，让开发者可编译使用。

什么是超级文件系统EROFS？

随着存储介质的进步，文件系统也在被驱动着演进。 文件系统对磁盘读写效率有着重要影响。 此前，华为曾推出过F2FS，2016年就在华为P9上应用了，而这个是面向用户分区的。 今天要提的超级文件系统EROFS，则是针对系统分区的。

安卓系统采用的模式是EXT4，文件块定长输入，变长输出，导致同一个文件块的内容可能会出现在不同的磁盘块中，读取时造成了浪费。

超级文件系统EROFS的特点是： 1、随机读写的性能提升了20%； 2、采用先进的压缩算法，减少了2GB； 3、采用只读模式，让系统更安全。 目前，EROFS文件系统已经开源，并已经合入Linux内核主线，在4.19版本发布。

据王成录博士介绍，这一系统是华为研发人员一行行写出来，100%原创。 其中，王成录博士特别提到了压缩算法，也是华为申请了专利的一项技术。

而EROFS文件系统的压缩算法采用的则是文件块变长输入，磁盘块定长输出。 也就是说，将不同长度的文件块压缩成为统一大小的磁盘块，这样做的好处是不存在无效的读取。

这样做的好处是，随机读性能平均提升20%。 升级包大小下降约5%-10%，升级时间缩短了约20%。

EMUI未来演进的四大方向

在分享会上，智东西问到王博士，未来EMUI的优化方向有哪些时，王博士回答说主要集中在四个方面：

第一，基础的性能仍然会持续投资 ，随着硬件的变化，软件的变化，上面应用的变化，对系统资源的应用永远没有够的那一天，所以这个投资还会持续。

第二，体验 ，虽然很多消费者对于华为UI吐槽非常多，但确实众口难调。 王博士认为UI的背后一定有科学依据。 “我们现在找到的方向就是人因，我们在使用一个设备的时候一定要考虑设备本身的因素，环境因素和人的因素，这三个因素都考虑全了，在给消费者不同场景下恰当的反馈，这才是最好的体验。 ”

什么是好的体验？ 就是手的操作和眼睛看到的，跟大脑期望是协调的这就是好的操作。 现在很多的体验设计是缺少建模的，一定要根据不同的人群年龄段，性别去构建人的模型，看多大的字体更合适，多大的对比度，对这一类的人群是合适的，所以这种模型会构建的越来越完善，变成系统里面UI的算法，在不同场景下就会不一样，这一块华为努力在做。

第三，创新， 这个创新指的是，随着应用的不一样，场景的不同，没有必要让所有的应用严格的按照这个软件的过程，一步一步都走完。 打个比方，有个应用运行了无数次了，已经证明是一个非常高质量、安全的应用，就没有必要每次都做那么复杂的处理。

第四，中国在软件工程领域非常缺人。 软件开发人员经验的积累，能不能沉淀为工具和平台很关键，在中国没有出现过一个非常优秀的软件工具平台。

在会上，王博士还特意提到了生态构建的重要性。 目前，在终端生态构建上，华为已建立三大开发者生态： 以HiAI平台建立AI开发者生态； 以Link Turbo和方舟编译器建立应用生态； 以HiLink和 HiCar建立连接生态。

此外，王成录介绍说，今年Link Turbo将有突破，升级到2.0版本，将带来对更多华为终端与更多应用的支持，让更多用户能享受极速流畅的网络体验。

结语： 华为EMUI正在从系统底层进行优化

无论是方舟编译器还是超级文件系统EROFS，都是华为在系统底层进行优化的重要一步。 无论是方舟编译器还是超级文件系统EROFS，都是华为在系统底层进行优化的重要一步。 当然，安卓开发生态建立多年，其优势在于开源和自由，而其劣势则也正是由此带来的无序性发展，导致了终端运行效率低下。 而作为头部的智能手机厂商，华为推出这个内容的初心是想进一步提升安卓系统的流畅性，也是出于自身发展和产品性能和体验提升的考虑。

不过，也正如王成录博士所说的那样，华为做方舟编译器是想要帮安卓阵营解决实际问题的，仅仅华为一家之力是不够的，还需要终端厂商、开发者等一起努力。

https://www.guancha.cn/industry-science/2019_04_27_499396.shtml?s=sygdkx

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