You know nothing, about other commodities either. Sugar industry is long dead in Java (where the Dutch left almost all of the equipment here) because simply there is rapid industrialization in Java, made Java not ideal anymore as the central of sugar industry and plantation. Indonesia government relocating most of farming and plantation toward out of Java area like Sulawesi, Papua and Kalimantan. Need time to adjust those new estates until production commence at commercial scale.
Indonesia is much industrialized compared to your whole swamp jungle. Here small farmer can own their hand tractor or other large machines, most made in Indonesia
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For coffee, farmer here prefer other commodities with higher yields
Coffee
Coffee is an important beverage in most societies around the globe. Not only for consumers' delight of drinking it but also for its economic value for the coffee bean producing and exporting countries (such as Indonesia). By some this product, made from roasted beans of the coffee plant (flowering plant of the Rubiaceae family), is called the world's "second most legally traded commodity" in human history.
Coffee that is sold on the world market is usually a combination of roasted beans of two botanic types: arabica and robusta. The difference between these two types mainly lies in its taste and the level of caffeine. Arabica beans, more expensive on the world market, have a milder taste and contain approximately 70 percent less caffeine than robusta beans.
The subtropical and equatorial regions provide good conditions for coffee to be grown. Therefore, countries that dominate the world's coffee production are found in South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia.
Coffee is a traded commodity on major futures and commodity exchanges, most importantly in London and New York. Below, are two tables that indicate the top five coffee producing countries and the top five coffee exporting countries.
Top 5 Coffee Bean Producers in Crop Season 2016-2017:
1. BRAZIL
2. VIETNAM
55,000,000 25,500,000
3. COLOMBIA
55,000,000 14,500,000
4. INDONESIA
55,000,000 11,491,000
5. ETHIOPIA
55,000,000 6,600,000
Top 5 Coffee Bean Exporting Countries in 2016-2017 Season:
1. BRAZIL
2. VIETNAM
34,500,000 23,200,000
3. COLOMBIA
34,500,000 12,800,000
4. INDONESIA
34,500,000 6,891,000
5. HONDURAS
34,500,000 5,589,000
in bags of 60 kilogram
Source: International Coffee Organization
COFFEE IN INDONESIA
Domestic Production, Export and Consumption of Indonesian Coffee
Indonesia is among the world's top coffee producing and exporting countries. Most of production constitutes the lower quality robusta type. Indonesia is also famous for having a number of specialty coffees such as '
kopi luwak' (known as world's the most expensive coffee) and '
kopi Mandailing' (see below). Regarding agricultural commodities, coffee is Indonesia's fourth-largest foreign exchange earner palm oil, rubber and cocoa.
Coffee was introduced to the archipelago by
the Dutch who initially planted coffee trees around their stronghold of Batavia but quickly expanded coffee production to the Bogor and Sukabumi regions in West Java in the 17th and 18th century. Indonesia proved to have a near ideal climate for coffee production, hence plantations were soon established on other parts of Java and on the islands of Sumatra and Sulawesi.
Today, Indonesia's coffee plantations cover a total area of approximately 1.24 million hectares, 933 hectares of robusta plantations and 307 hectares of arabica plantations. More than 90 percent of total plantations are cultivated by small-scale growers who own relatively small plantations of about 1-2 hectares, each. Contrary to competitors such as Vietnam, Indonesia does not have big coffee plantations and therefore encounters more difficulties to safeguard stable production volumes and quality, hence its output loses some competitiveness on the international market.
As mentioned above, and similar to regional coffee giant Vietnam, the bulk of Indonesia's coffee bean production consists of the lower-quality robusta type. The higher quality arabica beans mostly come from South American countries such as Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador and Costa Rica. As such, the bulk of Indonesia's coffee exports (roughly 80 percent) consist of robusta beans. Exports of processed coffee are only a small fraction of total Indonesian coffee exports.
Provinces that account for most of Indonesia's coffee production are:
ROBUSTA
1. BENGKULU (SUMATRA)
Arabica a. Aceh (Sumatra)
2. SOUTH SULAWESI
Arabica b. North Sumatra
3. LAMPUNG (SUMATRA)
Arabica
Starting from the 1960s, Indonesia has shown a small but stable increase in domestic production of coffee. However, according to data from Statistics Indonesia, the size of coffee estates in Indonesia are in decline as farmers have shifted their focus to products from the
oil palm (such as crude palm oil and palm kernel),
rubber and
cocoa which all have higher yields on the international market. Coffee estates - or parts of such estates - have thus been transformed into plantations of other commodities.
In 2012, approximately 70 percent of Indonesia's total annual coffee bean production was exported, mainly to customers in Japan, South Africa, Western Europe and the USA. However, as Indonesia's domestic consumption of coffee has been growing, exports have declined. Coffee consumption in Indonesia rose by a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7.7 percent in the years 2011-2014. Still, at 1.0 kilogram (2014 data), per capita consumption of coffee remains low in Indonesia.
https://www.indonesia-investments.com/business/commodities/coffee/item186