Not that I don't agree with some of your previous points but with the example of Niel deGrasse Tyson he represents a very narrow sample. Martian is referring to a population average in his arguments. Within that population we will see a wide distribution of data points.
Your entire post is essentially a tacit admission that the current desire to form a singular data point to illustrate intelligence at the individual and group level, along with the associated methodologies, are suspect.
Regarding the 'hard work' praise. If you are struggling to get by, then by default you are a 'hard worker', and if you are solving problems while you work, then by default you have sufficient intelligence to -- solve problems.
I hate to sound like a callous person, which I am not, but the 'hard worker' and 'intelligent' praises do not tell me much about the person or even the entire group. If you take a look at China's past scientific achievements that goes back literally thousands of yrs, it begs the question of 'What happened?' Were the Chinese less smart back then? Less 'hard working'?
How do you measure/quantify if a programmer is a 'hard worker' and 'intelligent'? If he is a senior member, I will assign difficult projects that will lower his productivity due to the time it requires for him to solve problems. Do I use productivity to measure him as to how 'hard' he works? That would be unfair.
For process engineering, I will assign easier projects to new hires who just graduated from school while more difficult projects will go to more experience engineers. To me, all of them are hard workers and intelligent people.
The reality is that when you deny a person or the entire group the necessary environment for the person and/or the group to exercise the basic human impulses of curiosity, imagination, and hard work, of course you will see across the board lower achievements in any field. That is what happened to the Chinese people when Mao decided to experiment with Marxism. Mao denied the people the necessary environment that existed to the Chinese people long before when they invented all those scientific wonders. Mao slaughtered the elites of Chinese society, the educated few who do their best to distill what they know to the next generation of Chinese. So what else do the Chinese people have except to work as hard as possible with as much intelligence they could muster up just to survive?
And now, when the shackles of Marxism were removed and the Chinese people essentially exploded by way of their hard work and intelligence, it is clear 'evident' of innate Chinese superiority in intelligence?
I do not deny that there is a genetic component of one's innate intelligence, but social history have proved that nurture seems to have a much greater influence on the person and the group as a whole regarding individual and collective intelligence. Parents nurture the individual. Governments nurture the people. For the latter, the Chinese government failed the Chinese people.