First Muslim Incursion into South Asia - Early Muslim Expansion

[dexter]

And even as the Umayyads won victories on the battlefield and expanded ever further, the cohesion and unity of their empire continued to deteriorate on their Eastern frontiers, planting the seeds of their eventual collapse. This new episode will focus on the first Muslim incursion into South Asia, as we discuss the Sindh campaign that allowed the Arabs to gain a foothold in the subcontinent.

 

[Maula Jatt]

And even as the Umayyads won victories on the battlefield and expanded ever further, the cohesion and unity of their empire continued to deteriorate on their Eastern frontiers, planting the seeds of their eventual collapse. This new episode will focus on the first Muslim incursion into South Asia, as we discuss the Sindh campaign that allowed the Arabs to gain a foothold in the subcontinent.

just say Pakistan or Sindh dude...

- Sindh was home to extensive trade networks and pirates controlled/influenced by King Dhahir
- Bin Qasim came from Iran (fars), Baluchistan through a land route
- King accepted Ssasanid loyalists into his court fleeing from the arabs in Persia which Ummiyads didn't appreciate
- A ship full of gifts for the caliph from Sri lanka were seized by Sindh-based pirates - this triggered hostility
- First incursion was through sea by a different general
- He was defeated
- Kingdom was deeply internally divided with as a result little central authority
- Caliphate's greatest asset was the internal support hey received from within the kingdom
- Tribes lived Semi autonomously
- Jutts and Meds from Baluchistan lived along the coast as traders, pirates and fishermen
- The Jutt people were repressed wearing of silk clothing banned, and banned from carrying swords for fears of a rebellion, to enforce these rules the children of Jutt clan leadership were held, hostage
- By the time MBQ was planning an attack coastal regions of Jutts and meds were in a state of turmoil/ rebellion with little central authority left
- After the first defeat, army reassembled, gathered new troops from syria, Fars and marched through land from Makran Baluchistan
- first attack on a Baloch coastal city
- Diebal was besieged, trenches dug in by MBQ and Hajaj bin Yousaf sent siege equipment through sea
- City conquered and sacked
- Jutt and meds people joined his campaign for revenge
- Sehwan attacked, Leader retreated, decided to do a night raid with thousand soldiers and some jutt people who were still loyal to sindh
- failed
- sindh west of the indus became part of caliphate
- Sehwan revolts and kicked out its arab garrison - later repressed
- Hijaj orders a retreat to thata unable to cross the indus
- from thatta crossed the indus
- in the north near nawabshah a great battle was fought, first sindhi were winning but than tide turned resulting in MBQ victroy
- Dhahirs priest kept advising him BS
- Final battle 20k dhahir, 15k MBQ
-elephants charge, initially battle favored dhahir, arab forces were pushed back, great damage but as levied/ peasantry started retreating leaving only the noble horsemen to protect dhahir resulting in MBQ victory

 

[Menace2Society]

I wish Pakistan had nukes then, they should have nuked their troops and countries and launched a counter invasion and conquer their lands, enslave their people. See how they like it.

 

[313ghazi]

I wish Pakistan had nukes then, they should have nuked their troops and countries and launched a counter invasion and conquer their lands, enslave their people. See how they like it.

lol - didn't take you long.

 

[R2D2]

Raja Dahir was a Kashmiri, not a Sindhi.

 

[Maula Jatt]

I wish Pakistan had nukes then, they should have nuked their troops and countries and launched a counter invasion and conquer their lands, enslave their people. See how they like it.

needed nukes in the 900s but got em in 90s

Ot- it show's unequal society= bad, week society

It creates space for others

If dhahir treated his Jutt and meds tribes with respect and equality they'd be by his side not only that the peasant classes from the north wouldn't have retreated too - losing support of Jutts,meds and levied peasantry resulted in the loss

Noble horsemen stayed cause they had an incentive in survival of Raja dhahir, while the peasants from his own controlled regions couldn't care less as they were oppressed either way

An equal society is THE strongest society and an unequal, unjust society is week ready to be exploited by others

 

[lastofthepatriots]

needed nukes in the 900s but got em in 90s

Ot- it show's unequal society= bad, week society

It creates space for others

If dhahir treated his Jutt and meds tribes with respect and equality they'd be by his side not only that the peasant classes from the north wouldn't have retreated too - losing support of Jutts,meds and levied peasantry resulted in the loss

Noble horsemen stayed cause they had an incentive in survival of Raja dhahir, while the peasants from his own controlled regions couldn't care less as they were oppressed either way

An equal society is THE strongest society and an unequal, unjust society is week ready to be exploited by others

Who gives a **** about Dahir. He’s the same as the waderas of Sindh now.

 

[Varunastra]

Kingdom with no proper authority and tribals(not unlike current Pakistan) against what undoubtedly was a super power of the age. It was not if but when Sindh would fall to the arabs.

 

[Menace2Society]

needed nukes in the 900s but got em in 90s

Ot- it show's unequal society= bad, week society

It creates space for others

If dhahir treated his Jutt and meds tribes with respect and equality they'd be by his side not only that the peasant classes from the north wouldn't have retreated too - losing support of Jutts,meds and levied peasantry resulted in the loss

Noble horsemen stayed cause they had an incentive in survival of Raja dhahir, while the peasants from his own controlled regions couldn't care less as they were oppressed either way

An equal society is THE strongest society and an unequal, unjust society is week ready to be exploited by others

If there was unity between the people of Indus then maybe they would have been able to protect their resources and women from these colonists, perhaps been in a position to hold off the British and further plunder. Maybe right now we would have been a wealthy and powerful country.

Pakistan always had the potential to form much earlier than it did.

 

[Maula Jatt]

Who gives a **** about Dahir. He’s the same as the waderas of Sindh now.

That's the issue, those feudal societies prdouce unequal society

that's what we can learn from em- reduce inequality along economic, secterion, ethnic , urban/rural lines
if we don't our society would remain weak ready to be exploited by others

 

[Wergeland]

I wish Pakistan had nukes then, they should have nuked their troops and countries and launched a counter invasion and conquer their lands, enslave their people. See how they like it.

Except the Arabs didnt enslave people. They just removed the top dogs and kept the old bureaucracy everywhere they conqoured land.

Arabs were happy as long as they were paid tribute. Frequently arabs put less tax burden on the peasant than their old masters. Arab soldiers forexample were banned from owning land in conqoured territory.

 

[Menace2Society]

Except the Arabs didnt enslave people. They just removed the top dogs and kept the old bureaucracy everywhere they conqoured land.

Arabs were happy as long as they were paid tribute. Frequently arabs put less tax burden on the peasant than their old masters. Arab soldiers forexample were banned from owning land in conqoured territory.

Oh please, they had a slave trade wherever they went. They were colonizers and slaverers just like the rest.

A painting of Sindhi slaves captured from Debel

 

[SaadH]

I wish Pakistan had nukes then, they should have nuked their troops and countries and launched a counter invasion and conquer their lands, enslave their people. See how they like it.

Some people are born slaves, nothing has changed for 2000 years nor will it in the future.

 

[Wergeland]

Oh please, they had a slave trade wherever they went. They were colonizers and slaverers just like the rest.


View attachment 895741
A painting of Sindhi slaves captured from Debel

Yes slave ownership was common at that time. Arabs had other arabs as slaves too. Just like Hindus had other hindus as slaves in Sind before 16 year old Kasim Bin Muhammad came and removed the top echelons of hindu aristocracy. But rest of the bureaucracy were left intact. Which means nothing really chnaged that much.

 

[Maula Jatt]

just say Pakistan or Sindh dude...

- Sindh was home to extensive trade networks and pirates controlled/influenced by King Dhahir
- Bin Qasim came from Iran (fars), Baluchistan through a land route
- King accepted Ssasanid loyalists into his court fleeing from the arabs in Persia which Ummiyads didn't appreciate
- A ship full of gifts for the caliph from Sri lanka were seized by Sindh-based pirates - this triggered hostility
- First incursion was through sea by a different general
- He was defeated
- Kingdom was deeply internally divided with as a result little central authority
- Caliphate's greatest asset was the internal support hey received from within the kingdom
- Tribes lived Semi autonomously
- Jutts and Meds from Baluchistan lived along the coast as traders, pirates and fishermen
- The Jutt people were repressed wearing of silk clothing banned, and banned from carrying swords for fears of a rebellion, to enforce these rules the children of Jutt clan leadership were held, hostage
- By the time MBQ was planning an attack coastal regions of Jutts and meds were in a state of turmoil/ rebellion with little central authority left
- After the first defeat, army reassembled, gathered new troops from syria, Fars and marched through land from Makran Baluchistan
- first attack on a Baloch coastal city
- Diebal was besieged, trenches dug in by MBQ and Hajaj bin Yousaf sent siege equipment through sea
- City conquered and sacked
- Jutt and meds people joined his campaign for revenge
- Sehwan attacked, Leader retreated, decided to do a night raid with thousand soldiers and some jutt people who were still loyal to sindh
- failed
- sindh west of the indus became part of caliphate
- Sehwan revolts and kicked out its arab garrison - later repressed
- Hijaj orders a retreat to thata unable to cross the indus
- from thatta crossed the indus
- in the north near nawabshah a great battle was fought, first sindhi were winning but than tide turned resulting in MBQ victroy
- Dhahirs priest kept advising him BS
- Final battle 20k dhahir, 15k MBQ
-elephants charge, initially battle favored dhahir, arab forces were pushed back, great damage but as levied/ peasantry started retreating leaving only the noble horsemen to protect dhahir resulting in MBQ victory

Med people are those who live alongside the coast of the Balochistan lasbela, makran districts,
" The Med speak Balochi which itself is one of the closest surviving relatives of the ancient Median language and the Med also consider themselves as Baloch" maybe they're original Baloch people, don't know

In Sindh and Punjab, they're called mohanna

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med_people

I think lasbela, makran and most of Karachi coastline was home to meds and jat people groups although now because of centeries of migration most jat will probably be associated with animal herding or farming not trade, piracy, fishery like the olden days