Forgiveness can be defined as the ‘forswearing of negative affect and judgment by viewing the wrongdoer with compassion and love, in the face of a wrongdoer’s considerable injustice”. Forgivingness is defined as “the disposition to abort one’s anger at persons one takes to have wronged one culpably, by seeing them in the benevolent terms provided by reasons characteristic of forgiving.
Thus forgiveness must be carefully distinguished from forgivingness. Forgivingness is an overall disposition to forgive, a disposition that manifests itself in most circumstances in life. Forgiveness , by contrast, only applies to particular circumstnaces (eg, a particular offense).
Paz, Neto and Mullet (2008) conducted a study that compared Chinese and Western European participants’ willingness to forgive and the researchers hypothesized that willingness to forgive would be more prevalent in Chinese (collectivistic) culture than in the Western European (individualistic) culture. However, this hypothesis, as the researchers noted, was not supported by the data. Between the two samples, the overall level of dispositional forgiveness was similar and, interestingly, acquiescence effects were present. Results showed that Chinese were substantially more unforgiving than the Western European samples.
The researchers also noted in their comparison of lasting resentment among Chinese and Western European participants and they hypothesized that lasting resentment would be lower among the Chinese participants than among the Western European participants. Paz et al (2008) then noted in data analysis that this hypothesis was yet again unsupported. Lasting resentment was higher among the Chinese than among the Western Europeans.
So, my friend
@Yorozuya , I believe that the results of this study gives an understanding for us in the Chinese political dialectic , and your socio-cultural input also complements the data by Paz et al (2008). In fact, it enables us to appreciate the quantitative data even more.
Regards,
@Nihonjin1051
Reference:
Paz, R., Neto, F., & Mullet, E. (2008). Forgiveness: A China-Western Europe Comparison.
Journal Of Psychology,
142(2), 147-158.
My Meta-analysis on China's Socio-Cultural Dialectics, Pertaining to National Tragedies, Historical and Political
The Chinese people , as a collectivist society, retain a much longer ideation of injustice, historical, political. The fact that the Chinese is a collectivistic society means that the people have, too, a collective memory, which enables retention of memories that may have happened over decades, centuries ago.
The Japanese invasion of China is a recent occurrence, when compared o the age of China as a nation state, one that has existed for over 5 millennia. If the Chinese people still remember the wanton destruction of the Mongols who came to rule China for some 90 years in the 13th century, then I believe that the Chinese will still remember the Japanese invasion of China for generations to come. What is the half life? Half a millennia , at least.
This is the reality. This will drive politics for years, decades, even centuries to come.