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They should build a base on the dark side of the moon since so many areas have been explored.
China's Chang'e-4 probe soft-lands on moon's far side - Xinhua
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JSCh
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NEWS RELEASE 25-SEP-2020
First measurements of radiation levels on the moon
KIEL UNIVERSITY
In the coming years and decades, various nations want to explore the moon, and plan to send astronauts there again for this purpose. But on our inhospitable satellite, space radiation poses a significant risk. The Apollo astronauts carried so-called dosimeters with them, which performed rudimentary measurements of the total radiation exposure during their entire expedition to the moon and back again. In the current issue (25 September) of the prestigious journal Science Advances, Chinese and German scientists report for the first time on time-resolved measurements of the radiation on the moon.
The "Lunar Lander Neutron and Dosimetry" (LND) was developed and built at Kiel University, on behalf of the Space Administration at the German Aerospace Center (DLR), with funding from the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi). The measurements taken by the LND allow the calculation of the so-called equivalent dose. This is important to estimate the biological effects of space radiation on humans. "The radiation exposure we have measured is a good benchmark for the radiation within an astronaut suit," said Thomas Berger of the German Aerospace Center in Cologne, co-author of the publication.
The measurements show an equivalent dose rate of about 60 microsieverts per hour. In comparison, on a long-haul flight from Frankfurt to New York, it is about 5 to 10 times lower, and on the ground well over 200 times lower. Since astronauts would be on the moon for much longer than passengers flying to New York and back, this represents considerable exposure for humans, said Robert Wimmer-Schweingruber from Kiel University, whose team developed and built the instrument. "We humans are not really made to withstand space radiation. However, astronauts can and should shield themselves as far as possible during longer stays on the moon, for example by covering their habitat with a thick layer of lunar soil," explained second author Wimmer-Schweingruber. "During long-term stays on the moon, the astronauts' risk of getting cancer and other diseases could thus be reduced," added co-author Christine Hellweg from the German Aerospace Center.
The measurements were taken on board the Chinese lunar lander Chang'e-4, which landed on the far side of the moon on 3 January 2019. The device from Kiel takes measurements during the lunar "daylight", and like all other scientific equipment, switches off during the very cold and nearly two-week-long lunar night, to conserve battery power. The device and lander were scheduled to take measurements for at least a year, and have now already exceeded this goal. The data from the device and the lander is transmitted back to earth via the relay satellite Queqiao, which is located behind the moon.
The data obtained also has some relevance with respect to future interplanetary missions. Since the moon has neither a protective magnetic field nor an atmosphere, the radiation field on the surface of the moon is similar to that in interplanetary space, apart from the shielding by the moon itself. "This is why the measurements taken by the LND will also be used to review and further develop models that can be used for future missions. For example, if a manned mission departs to Mars, the new findings enable us to reliably estimate the anticipated radiation exposure in advance. That's why it is important that our detector also allows us to measure the composition of the radiation," said Wimmer-Schweingruber.
First measurements of radiation levels on the moon | EurekAlert! Science News
First measurements of radiation levels on the moon
KIEL UNIVERSITY
In the coming years and decades, various nations want to explore the moon, and plan to send astronauts there again for this purpose. But on our inhospitable satellite, space radiation poses a significant risk. The Apollo astronauts carried so-called dosimeters with them, which performed rudimentary measurements of the total radiation exposure during their entire expedition to the moon and back again. In the current issue (25 September) of the prestigious journal Science Advances, Chinese and German scientists report for the first time on time-resolved measurements of the radiation on the moon.
The "Lunar Lander Neutron and Dosimetry" (LND) was developed and built at Kiel University, on behalf of the Space Administration at the German Aerospace Center (DLR), with funding from the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi). The measurements taken by the LND allow the calculation of the so-called equivalent dose. This is important to estimate the biological effects of space radiation on humans. "The radiation exposure we have measured is a good benchmark for the radiation within an astronaut suit," said Thomas Berger of the German Aerospace Center in Cologne, co-author of the publication.
The measurements show an equivalent dose rate of about 60 microsieverts per hour. In comparison, on a long-haul flight from Frankfurt to New York, it is about 5 to 10 times lower, and on the ground well over 200 times lower. Since astronauts would be on the moon for much longer than passengers flying to New York and back, this represents considerable exposure for humans, said Robert Wimmer-Schweingruber from Kiel University, whose team developed and built the instrument. "We humans are not really made to withstand space radiation. However, astronauts can and should shield themselves as far as possible during longer stays on the moon, for example by covering their habitat with a thick layer of lunar soil," explained second author Wimmer-Schweingruber. "During long-term stays on the moon, the astronauts' risk of getting cancer and other diseases could thus be reduced," added co-author Christine Hellweg from the German Aerospace Center.
The measurements were taken on board the Chinese lunar lander Chang'e-4, which landed on the far side of the moon on 3 January 2019. The device from Kiel takes measurements during the lunar "daylight", and like all other scientific equipment, switches off during the very cold and nearly two-week-long lunar night, to conserve battery power. The device and lander were scheduled to take measurements for at least a year, and have now already exceeded this goal. The data from the device and the lander is transmitted back to earth via the relay satellite Queqiao, which is located behind the moon.
The data obtained also has some relevance with respect to future interplanetary missions. Since the moon has neither a protective magnetic field nor an atmosphere, the radiation field on the surface of the moon is similar to that in interplanetary space, apart from the shielding by the moon itself. "This is why the measurements taken by the LND will also be used to review and further develop models that can be used for future missions. For example, if a manned mission departs to Mars, the new findings enable us to reliably estimate the anticipated radiation exposure in advance. That's why it is important that our detector also allows us to measure the composition of the radiation," said Wimmer-Schweingruber.
First measurements of radiation levels on the moon | EurekAlert! Science News
LKJ86
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China's Chang'e-4 probe resumes work for 23rd lunar day
Source: Xinhua | 2020-10-11 20:45:17 | Editor: huaxia
BEIJING, Oct. 11 (Xinhua) -- The lander and rover of the Chang'e-4 probe have resumed work for the 23rd lunar day on the far side of the moon.
The lander woke up at 11:56 a.m. Sunday, Beijing Time, and the rover Yutu-2, or Jade Rabbit-2, woke up at 6:57 p.m. Saturday, said sources with the Lunar Exploration and Space Program Center of the China National Space Administration.
A lunar day is equal to 14 days on Earth, and a lunar night is of the same length. The solar-powered probe switches to dormant mode during the lunar night.
Landing on the moon on Jan. 3, 2019, the Chang'e-4 probe has survived about 647 Earth days on the moon.
During the 23rd lunar day, Yutu-2 will move northwest toward the basalt area or the impact craters with high reflectivity. It will also use an infrared imaging spectrometer onboard to carry out the scientific detection of a lunar rock, which has a diameter of 30 cm, according to the center.
The rover has far exceeded its three-month design lifespan, becoming the longest-working lunar rover on the moon.
Source: Xinhua | 2020-10-11 20:45:17 | Editor: huaxia
BEIJING, Oct. 11 (Xinhua) -- The lander and rover of the Chang'e-4 probe have resumed work for the 23rd lunar day on the far side of the moon.
The lander woke up at 11:56 a.m. Sunday, Beijing Time, and the rover Yutu-2, or Jade Rabbit-2, woke up at 6:57 p.m. Saturday, said sources with the Lunar Exploration and Space Program Center of the China National Space Administration.
A lunar day is equal to 14 days on Earth, and a lunar night is of the same length. The solar-powered probe switches to dormant mode during the lunar night.
Landing on the moon on Jan. 3, 2019, the Chang'e-4 probe has survived about 647 Earth days on the moon.
During the 23rd lunar day, Yutu-2 will move northwest toward the basalt area or the impact craters with high reflectivity. It will also use an infrared imaging spectrometer onboard to carry out the scientific detection of a lunar rock, which has a diameter of 30 cm, according to the center.
The rover has far exceeded its three-month design lifespan, becoming the longest-working lunar rover on the moon.
JSCh
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今天 00:40 已编辑
中国探月工程副总设计师于登云在第71届国际宇航大会(IAC)上介绍:我国自主研发的同位素温差发电机(RTG)在嫦娥四号着陆器上运行状态良好。
China Aerospace
Edited today at 00:40
Yu Dengyun, deputy chief designer of China's lunar exploration project, introduced at the 71st International Astronautical Conference (IAC): our country's self-developed isotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) is operating well on the Chang'e-4 lander.
JSCh
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China's lunar rover travels 565.9 meters on moon's far side
Source: Xinhua| 2020-10-24 15:39:05|Editor: huaxia
BEIJING, Oct. 24 (Xinhua) -- The lander and the rover of the Chang'e-4 probe have been switched to the dormant mode for the lunar night after working stably for the 23rd lunar day, according to the Lunar Exploration and Space Program Center of the China National Space Administration.
The lander was switched to dormant mode at 9:40 p.m. Friday (Beijing Time) as scheduled, and the rover, Yutu-2 (Jade Rabbit-2), at 12:00 p.m. Friday, said the center.
A lunar day is equal to 14 days on Earth, and a lunar night is the same length. The Chang'e-4 probe, which switched to dormant mode during the lunar night due to the lack of solar power, had survived 660 Earth days on the far side of the moon as of Saturday, and the rover has traveled 565.9 meters.
During the 23rd lunar day, Yutu-2 went northwest, traveling toward an area with basalt and an impact crater area with high reflectivity. En route to the destination, the near-infrared spectrometer on the rover was used to detect a rock about 30 cm in diameter. The research team is analyzing the transmitted data.
Scientists carried out the first systematically documented measurements of radiation on the moon with data acquired by the neutron radiation detector onboard. According to the study published in the journal Science Advances, the moon's surface is highly radioactive, approximately two to three times the International Space Station, five to ten times a civil flight and 300 times the surface of the earth in Beijing.
The study provided a reference for the estimation of the lunar surface radiation hazards and the design of radiation protection for future lunar astronauts.
The Chang'e-4 probe, launched on Dec. 8, 2018, made the first-ever soft landing on the Von Karman Crater in the South Pole-Aitken Basin on the far side of the moon on Jan. 3, 2019.
Source: Xinhua| 2020-10-24 15:39:05|Editor: huaxia
BEIJING, Oct. 24 (Xinhua) -- The lander and the rover of the Chang'e-4 probe have been switched to the dormant mode for the lunar night after working stably for the 23rd lunar day, according to the Lunar Exploration and Space Program Center of the China National Space Administration.
The lander was switched to dormant mode at 9:40 p.m. Friday (Beijing Time) as scheduled, and the rover, Yutu-2 (Jade Rabbit-2), at 12:00 p.m. Friday, said the center.
A lunar day is equal to 14 days on Earth, and a lunar night is the same length. The Chang'e-4 probe, which switched to dormant mode during the lunar night due to the lack of solar power, had survived 660 Earth days on the far side of the moon as of Saturday, and the rover has traveled 565.9 meters.
During the 23rd lunar day, Yutu-2 went northwest, traveling toward an area with basalt and an impact crater area with high reflectivity. En route to the destination, the near-infrared spectrometer on the rover was used to detect a rock about 30 cm in diameter. The research team is analyzing the transmitted data.
Scientists carried out the first systematically documented measurements of radiation on the moon with data acquired by the neutron radiation detector onboard. According to the study published in the journal Science Advances, the moon's surface is highly radioactive, approximately two to three times the International Space Station, five to ten times a civil flight and 300 times the surface of the earth in Beijing.
The study provided a reference for the estimation of the lunar surface radiation hazards and the design of radiation protection for future lunar astronauts.
The Chang'e-4 probe, launched on Dec. 8, 2018, made the first-ever soft landing on the Von Karman Crater in the South Pole-Aitken Basin on the far side of the moon on Jan. 3, 2019.
JSCh
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【#玉兔二号传回彩色高清成像# 】别看我只是一只“兔”，“龙潭”我也敢闯
![[并不简单]](/proxy.php?image=https%3A%2F%2Fimg.t.sinajs.cn%2Ft4%2Fappstyle%2Fexpression%2Fext%2Fnormal%2Faa%2F2018new_bingbujiandan_org.png&hash=27bf5eed2b70bf84f4c5fd2b3b18af35 "[并不简单]")
在#北京航天飞行控制中心# 驾驶员们的精准控制下，第23月昼，玉兔二号使用导航相机，对月球背面的一个大型撞击坑进行了记录环拍
![[威武]](/proxy.php?image=https%3A%2F%2Fimg.t.sinajs.cn%2Ft4%2Fappstyle%2Fexpression%2Fext%2Fnormal%2F14%2F2018new_weiwu_org.png&hash=15bc3f0a3f1dc77fad0902918bf386c5 "[威武]")
此前科学家们为第三月昼探测的石块命名为“奇缘”，这次驾驶员们为这个拍下的深坑命名“龙潭”，图为形成的全景彩色成像↓↓↓
Our space
Today at 17:58 from HUAWEI P20 Pro
[Yutu 2 returns high-definition color image]
Don’t mistake me as merely a "rabbit", I dare to break into "Longtan" (Dragon lake). Under the precise control of the pilots of the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center, on the 23rd Lunar Day, Yutu 2 used the navigation camera to take photo of a large impact crater on the far side. Previously, scientists named the rock surveyed in the third Lunar Day as "Qiyuan". This time they photographed this deep pit and named it "Longtan".↓↓↓
JSCh
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China's Chang'e-4 probe resumes work for 24th lunar day
Source: Xinhua| 2020-11-10 09:51:27|Editor: huaxia
BEIJING, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- The lander and rover of the Chang'e-4 probe have resumed work for the 24th lunar day on the far side of the moon.
The lander woke up at 3:12 a.m. Tuesday, Beijing Time, and the rover Yutu-2, or Jade Rabbit-2, woke up at 10:17 a.m. Monday, according to the Lunar Exploration and Space Program Center of the China National Space Administration.
Landing on the moon on Jan. 3, 2019, the Chang'e-4 probe has survived 677 Earth days on the moon.
Source: Xinhua| 2020-11-10 09:51:27|Editor: huaxia
BEIJING, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- The lander and rover of the Chang'e-4 probe have resumed work for the 24th lunar day on the far side of the moon.
The lander woke up at 3:12 a.m. Tuesday, Beijing Time, and the rover Yutu-2, or Jade Rabbit-2, woke up at 10:17 a.m. Monday, according to the Lunar Exploration and Space Program Center of the China National Space Administration.
Landing on the moon on Jan. 3, 2019, the Chang'e-4 probe has survived 677 Earth days on the moon.
JSCh
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Andrew Jones @AJ_FI
Chang'e-4 lunar day 24 has ended. The lander powered down at 04:00 UTC Nov. 22, with the Yutu-2 rover doing so earlier at 19:10 Nov. 21. Yutu-2 covered 23.7 metres, meaning a total mission drive of 589.6 m. New image shows rim of Von Kármán crater. Chang'e-5 launches later today.
1:54 PM · Nov 23, 2020
JSCh
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Keeps on Roving!
Arrows indicate Yutu-2 (left) and Chang'e 4 lander (right). Rover tracks are faintly visible between the lander and Yutu-2. LROC image acquired 18 October 2020, M1357657468LR, enlarged 2x [NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University].
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JSCh
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【祝贺！玉兔二号累计行驶破600米】嫦娥四号着陆器和“玉兔二号”月球车分别于12月22日5时和21日19时22分完成第25月昼工作，按地面指令完成月夜模式设置，进入月夜休眠。截至今天，嫦娥四号着陆器和“玉兔二号”月球车已在月背工作719天，月球车累计行驶600.55米。#玉兔二号累计行驶破600米#
Our space
Today at 10:31 from HUAWEI P40 Pro 5G
[Congratulation! Yutu 2 has travelled more than 600 meters in total]
The Chang'e 4 lander and the "Yutu 2" lunar rover completed operation for 25th lunar-day, at 5 o'clock on December 22 and 19:22 on the 21st, respectively. The moon night mode setting was completed according to ground instructions and entered moon night hibernation. As of today, the Chang'e-4 lander and the Yutu-2 rover have been working on the farside of the moon for 719 days, and the lunar rover has traveled 600.55 meters in total.
JSCh
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People's Daily, China @PDChina
China state-affiliated media
The lander and rover of the Chang'e-4 probe have resumed work for the 26th lunar day on the far side of the #moon. Landing on Jan. 3, 2019, the Chang'e-4 probe has survived 736 Earth days on the moon.
11:55 AM · Jan 8, 2021
China state-affiliated media
The lander and rover of the Chang'e-4 probe have resumed work for the 26th lunar day on the far side of the #moon. Landing on Jan. 3, 2019, the Chang'e-4 probe has survived 736 Earth days on the moon.
11:55 AM · Jan 8, 2021
JSCh
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Andrew Jones @AJ_FI
Chang'e-4 lunar day 26 ended yesterday, Jan. 20. Yutu-2 powered down at 06:06 UTC, Lander followed at 13:10. Yutu-2 has now covered 628.47 metres, meaning 27.92 m of driving in Day 26. Mission duration now 749 days. Map shows end Day 25 (BACC). Source: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/bU8O887vnmm1BIIXtUTXnA…
12:28 AM · Jan 22, 2021
Chang'e-4 lunar day 26 ended yesterday, Jan. 20. Yutu-2 powered down at 06:06 UTC, Lander followed at 13:10. Yutu-2 has now covered 628.47 metres, meaning 27.92 m of driving in Day 26. Mission duration now 749 days. Map shows end Day 25 (BACC). Source: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/bU8O887vnmm1BIIXtUTXnA…
12:28 AM · Jan 22, 2021
JSCh
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China's Chang'e-4 probe resumes work for 27th lunar day
Source: Xinhua| 2021-02-07 14:27:23|Editor: huaxia
BEIJING, Feb. 7 (Xinhua) -- The lander and rover of the Chang'e-4 probe have resumed work for their 27th lunar day on the far side of the moon.
The lander activated at 4:48 p.m. on Saturday (Beijing time), and the rover Yutu-2, or Jade Rabbit-2, activated at 4:26 a.m. also on Saturday, according to the Lunar Exploration and Space Program Center of the China National Space Administration.
Yutu-2 has traveled about 628.5 meters on the far side of the moon. It is currently located about 430 meters northwest of the landing site.
Source: Xinhua| 2021-02-07 14:27:23|Editor: huaxia
BEIJING, Feb. 7 (Xinhua) -- The lander and rover of the Chang'e-4 probe have resumed work for their 27th lunar day on the far side of the moon.
The lander activated at 4:48 p.m. on Saturday (Beijing time), and the rover Yutu-2, or Jade Rabbit-2, activated at 4:26 a.m. also on Saturday, according to the Lunar Exploration and Space Program Center of the China National Space Administration.
Yutu-2 has traveled about 628.5 meters on the far side of the moon. It is currently located about 430 meters northwest of the landing site.
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