China — Not The US — Is Now The Global Leader In Science & Tech

[beijingwalker]

China — Not The US — Is Now The Global Leader In Science & Tech​

Yasmeen Naseer
Apr 27 2023

The United States and its Western neighbors are gradually losing ground to China in the race to develop advanced technologies and attract top talent. Historically, the US has led the world in Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI), and propelled advancements in various industries, agriculture, and the economy. Through policy incentives, the US successfully attracted and utilized skilled labor from around the world and secured its position as a global leader in STI.

Local American youth however, are increasingly turning away from STEM subjects and the US is now facing a significant challenge from China in the realm of technology. How, however, did a once poor country emerge as a driving force in technology?

In 1977, Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping introduced the Four Modernisations, one of which aimed to bolster China’s scientific and technological progress. Special teams were sent to learn from the developed world and tasked with replicating their successes in China. Concurrently, the Chinese government increased funding in education, particularly in Research & Development, while implementing policy incentives.

As recently as 2000, the US produced significantly more scientific papers annually than China. However, over the past three decades, China has made substantial investments to grow domestic research programs, foster relationships with international academic institutions, and encourage a shift towards manufacturing high-tech products.

Since 2000, China has sent an estimated 5.2 million students and scholars abroad to study at leading universities worldwide, with a focus on Europe, Japan, and America. Most of these students pursued degrees in science and engineering. While many remained abroad, others returned to China to work in well-funded laboratories and high-tech companies.

Today, China is second only to the US in science and technology spending and Chinese universities now produce the highest number of engineering PhDs globally. Their quality has also improved dramatically in recent years.

mage source: Nikkei Asia

Image source: Forbes

In 2017, Chinese scholars published more scientific papers than their American counterparts for the first time. This increased quantity however, did not initially translate into high-quality research. For years, Western researchers criticized Chinese research as mere imitation, and Chinese academic papers received limited attention from the global scientific community.

Recently, however, Chinese research has become more novel and creative, and China has evolved into a scientific powerhouse, rivaling the US and Europe both in quantity, and in quality.

According to a year-long study by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, China now leads in 37 out of 44 tracked technologies, including electric batteries, hypersonics, and advanced radio-frequency communications like 5G and 6G, while American has retained its leadership only in the remaining seven, which include vaccines, quantum computing, and space launch systems.

In some fields, all top 10 leading research institutions worldwide are based in China, and collectively produce nine times more high-impact research papers than the second-ranked country, which is often the United States. There is also a high likelihood that China will establish monopolies in eight technologies, including nanoscale materials and manufacturing, hydrogen, ammonia for power, and synthetic biology.

According to a report by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, China’s advancements in nuclear-capable hypersonic missiles in 2021 should have been anticipated by the US. Over the past five years, China generated 48.5% of the world’s most high-impact research papers on advanced aircraft engines, including hypersonics, and hosts seven of the world’s top 10 research institutions in the area.

Military vehicles carrying the DF-17 hypersonic ballistic missile, capable of flying at five times the speed of sound, are seen during a parade in Beijing in October 2019. Image source: The Guardian

These developments have alarmed researchers and policymakers in the US, and have prompted the US government to take steps that attempt to slow China’s growth. The recent CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 explicitly limits cooperation with China in research and manufacturing; the Biden administration has also imposed restrictions that limit China’s access to critical technologies with military applications. How effectively these measures will slow down China however, remains uncertain, as other countries are still eager to collaborate with China in the domain of cutting-edge technology.

The US may need to accept a reduced role as a strategic leader in scientific fields, ceding the spotlight to China’s. But in the face of growing sanctions, and in the aftermath of a major crackdown on local tech companies, will China be able to maintain its technology advantage? Stay tuned to find out.

China — Not The US — Is Now The Global Leader In Science & Tech

The United States and its Western neighbors are gradually losing ground to China in the race to develop advanced technologies and attract…

medium.datadriveninvestor.com

 

[VCheng]

China — Not The US — Is Now The Global Leader In Science & Tech

Congratulations to China!

Of course, USA will still do what it is doing: trying to improve, always.

 

[OIO]

China — Not The US — Is Now The Global Leader In Science & Tech​

Yasmeen Naseer
Apr 27 2023

The United States and its Western neighbors are gradually losing ground to China in the race to develop advanced technologies and attract top talent. Historically, the US has led the world in Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI), and propelled advancements in various industries, agriculture, and the economy. Through policy incentives, the US successfully attracted and utilized skilled labor from around the world and secured its position as a global leader in STI.

Local American youth however, are increasingly turning away from STEM subjects and the US is now facing a significant challenge from China in the realm of technology. How, however, did a once poor country emerge as a driving force in technology?

In 1977, Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping introduced the Four Modernisations, one of which aimed to bolster China’s scientific and technological progress. Special teams were sent to learn from the developed world and tasked with replicating their successes in China. Concurrently, the Chinese government increased funding in education, particularly in Research & Development, while implementing policy incentives.

As recently as 2000, the US produced significantly more scientific papers annually than China. However, over the past three decades, China has made substantial investments to grow domestic research programs, foster relationships with international academic institutions, and encourage a shift towards manufacturing high-tech products.

Since 2000, China has sent an estimated 5.2 million students and scholars abroad to study at leading universities worldwide, with a focus on Europe, Japan, and America. Most of these students pursued degrees in science and engineering. While many remained abroad, others returned to China to work in well-funded laboratories and high-tech companies.

Today, China is second only to the US in science and technology spending and Chinese universities now produce the highest number of engineering PhDs globally. Their quality has also improved dramatically in recent years.

View attachment 926586
mage source: Nikkei Asia

View attachment 926587
Image source: Forbes

In 2017, Chinese scholars published more scientific papers than their American counterparts for the first time. This increased quantity however, did not initially translate into high-quality research. For years, Western researchers criticized Chinese research as mere imitation, and Chinese academic papers received limited attention from the global scientific community.

Recently, however, Chinese research has become more novel and creative, and China has evolved into a scientific powerhouse, rivaling the US and Europe both in quantity, and in quality.

According to a year-long study by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, China now leads in 37 out of 44 tracked technologies, including electric batteries, hypersonics, and advanced radio-frequency communications like 5G and 6G, while American has retained its leadership only in the remaining seven, which include vaccines, quantum computing, and space launch systems.

In some fields, all top 10 leading research institutions worldwide are based in China, and collectively produce nine times more high-impact research papers than the second-ranked country, which is often the United States. There is also a high likelihood that China will establish monopolies in eight technologies, including nanoscale materials and manufacturing, hydrogen, ammonia for power, and synthetic biology.

According to a report by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, China’s advancements in nuclear-capable hypersonic missiles in 2021 should have been anticipated by the US. Over the past five years, China generated 48.5% of the world’s most high-impact research papers on advanced aircraft engines, including hypersonics, and hosts seven of the world’s top 10 research institutions in the area.

Military vehicles carrying the DF-17 hypersonic ballistic missile, capable of flying at five times the speed of sound, are seen during a parade in Beijing in October 2019. Image source: The Guardian

These developments have alarmed researchers and policymakers in the US, and have prompted the US government to take steps that attempt to slow China’s growth. The recent CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 explicitly limits cooperation with China in research and manufacturing; the Biden administration has also imposed restrictions that limit China’s access to critical technologies with military applications. How effectively these measures will slow down China however, remains uncertain, as other countries are still eager to collaborate with China in the domain of cutting-edge technology.

The US may need to accept a reduced role as a strategic leader in scientific fields, ceding the spotlight to China’s. But in the face of growing sanctions, and in the aftermath of a major crackdown on local tech companies, will China be able to maintain its technology advantage? Stay tuned to find out.

China — Not The US — Is Now The Global Leader In Science & Tech

The United States and its Western neighbors are gradually losing ground to China in the race to develop advanced technologies and attract…

medium.datadriveninvestor.com

Frankly speaking, China still lacks pioneering capabilities in science.

If the abuse, humiliation, and discrimination of the brightest students in the process of education have not stopped, the Chinese will not have a breakthrough in science.

China's Ministry of Education is the worst department ever! Many education department officials should be executed!

 

[VCheng]

Frankly speaking, China still lacks pioneering capabilities in science.

If the abuse, humiliation, and discrimination of the brightest students in the process of education have not stopped, the Chinese will not have a breakthrough in science.

China's Ministry of Education is the worst department ever! Many education department officials should be executed!

The basic issue is deeper. Creativity needs freedom of thought, which is not really allowed in a society that mandates conformity and obedience.

 

[OIO]

The basic issue is deeper. Creativity needs freedom of thought, which is not really allowed in a society that mandates conformity and obedience.

Modern science was established in Europe before World War II, and the Russians also made a lot of contributions. The Soviet Union made great achievements in science and technology, so don't use American ideas to teach.

In fact, the Ministry of Education of China is following the political correctness of the United States to engage in happy education, which is a dead end.

China's education system is good at educating students with average IQs, but it is torture for the smartest children.

 

[ProudThamizhan]

China — Not The US — Is Now The Global Leader In Science & Tech​

Yasmeen Naseer
Apr 27 2023

The United States and its Western neighbors are gradually losing ground to China in the race to develop advanced technologies and attract top talent. Historically, the US has led the world in Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI), and propelled advancements in various industries, agriculture, and the economy. Through policy incentives, the US successfully attracted and utilized skilled labor from around the world and secured its position as a global leader in STI.

Local American youth however, are increasingly turning away from STEM subjects and the US is now facing a significant challenge from China in the realm of technology. How, however, did a once poor country emerge as a driving force in technology?

In 1977, Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping introduced the Four Modernisations, one of which aimed to bolster China’s scientific and technological progress. Special teams were sent to learn from the developed world and tasked with replicating their successes in China. Concurrently, the Chinese government increased funding in education, particularly in Research & Development, while implementing policy incentives.

As recently as 2000, the US produced significantly more scientific papers annually than China. However, over the past three decades, China has made substantial investments to grow domestic research programs, foster relationships with international academic institutions, and encourage a shift towards manufacturing high-tech products.

Since 2000, China has sent an estimated 5.2 million students and scholars abroad to study at leading universities worldwide, with a focus on Europe, Japan, and America. Most of these students pursued degrees in science and engineering. While many remained abroad, others returned to China to work in well-funded laboratories and high-tech companies.

Today, China is second only to the US in science and technology spending and Chinese universities now produce the highest number of engineering PhDs globally. Their quality has also improved dramatically in recent years.

View attachment 926586
mage source: Nikkei Asia

View attachment 926587
Image source: Forbes

In 2017, Chinese scholars published more scientific papers than their American counterparts for the first time. This increased quantity however, did not initially translate into high-quality research. For years, Western researchers criticized Chinese research as mere imitation, and Chinese academic papers received limited attention from the global scientific community.

Recently, however, Chinese research has become more novel and creative, and China has evolved into a scientific powerhouse, rivaling the US and Europe both in quantity, and in quality.

According to a year-long study by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, China now leads in 37 out of 44 tracked technologies, including electric batteries, hypersonics, and advanced radio-frequency communications like 5G and 6G, while American has retained its leadership only in the remaining seven, which include vaccines, quantum computing, and space launch systems.

In some fields, all top 10 leading research institutions worldwide are based in China, and collectively produce nine times more high-impact research papers than the second-ranked country, which is often the United States. There is also a high likelihood that China will establish monopolies in eight technologies, including nanoscale materials and manufacturing, hydrogen, ammonia for power, and synthetic biology.

According to a report by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, China’s advancements in nuclear-capable hypersonic missiles in 2021 should have been anticipated by the US. Over the past five years, China generated 48.5% of the world’s most high-impact research papers on advanced aircraft engines, including hypersonics, and hosts seven of the world’s top 10 research institutions in the area.

Military vehicles carrying the DF-17 hypersonic ballistic missile, capable of flying at five times the speed of sound, are seen during a parade in Beijing in October 2019. Image source: The Guardian

These developments have alarmed researchers and policymakers in the US, and have prompted the US government to take steps that attempt to slow China’s growth. The recent CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 explicitly limits cooperation with China in research and manufacturing; the Biden administration has also imposed restrictions that limit China’s access to critical technologies with military applications. How effectively these measures will slow down China however, remains uncertain, as other countries are still eager to collaborate with China in the domain of cutting-edge technology.

The US may need to accept a reduced role as a strategic leader in scientific fields, ceding the spotlight to China’s. But in the face of growing sanctions, and in the aftermath of a major crackdown on local tech companies, will China be able to maintain its technology advantage? Stay tuned to find out.

China — Not The US — Is Now The Global Leader In Science & Tech

The United States and its Western neighbors are gradually losing ground to China in the race to develop advanced technologies and attract…

medium.datadriveninvestor.com

Sure sure.

 

[VCheng]

The Soviet Union made great achievements in science and technology,

Copying is not creativity, is it? Please do not confuse the two.

Communism is USSR was just as indoctrinating as present day Chinese communism. And just as deadly for creativity.

 

[jhungary]

Research Paper and being a leader of Science and Technology are not the same things....

Research papers are something you need to do if and when you seek post gradate educations. You basically have a topic in mind and you did your research on said topic and publish your result. It neither innovative, nor even cutting edge, well, they can be, but not necessary.

On the other hand, you still need to have the peer acceptance to be considered a successful paper, I wrote and published 2 research journals when I was doing my MPhil of Strategic Studies, and both got blasted to pieces by my peer.

China published more research papers only mean there are more people in China doing research, that does not mean anything else.

On the other hand, leader of science and tech are a physical application. You don't need to write paper to develop something that is the leading in any field, all you need to do is to practice them on said field, for example, CT Scanning is an old technology, but the latest Dark-Ray CT scan from Germany making it better in 2022, that is the quality of being a leader of science and technology, not how many papers a countries wrote......

 

[zhxy]

China published more research papers only mean there are more people in China doing research, that does not mean anything else.

wrong

 

[jhungary]

wrong

Can you provide a little more context than a simple "Wrong"?

 

[Muji.Iqbal]

China — Not The US — Is Now The Global Leader In Science & Tech​

Yasmeen Naseer
Apr 27 2023

The United States and its Western neighbors are gradually losing ground to China in the race to develop advanced technologies and attract top talent. Historically, the US has led the world in Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI), and propelled advancements in various industries, agriculture, and the economy. Through policy incentives, the US successfully attracted and utilized skilled labor from around the world and secured its position as a global leader in STI.

Local American youth however, are increasingly turning away from STEM subjects and the US is now facing a significant challenge from China in the realm of technology. How, however, did a once poor country emerge as a driving force in technology?

In 1977, Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping introduced the Four Modernisations, one of which aimed to bolster China’s scientific and technological progress. Special teams were sent to learn from the developed world and tasked with replicating their successes in China. Concurrently, the Chinese government increased funding in education, particularly in Research & Development, while implementing policy incentives.

As recently as 2000, the US produced significantly more scientific papers annually than China. However, over the past three decades, China has made substantial investments to grow domestic research programs, foster relationships with international academic institutions, and encourage a shift towards manufacturing high-tech products.

Since 2000, China has sent an estimated 5.2 million students and scholars abroad to study at leading universities worldwide, with a focus on Europe, Japan, and America. Most of these students pursued degrees in science and engineering. While many remained abroad, others returned to China to work in well-funded laboratories and high-tech companies.

Today, China is second only to the US in science and technology spending and Chinese universities now produce the highest number of engineering PhDs globally. Their quality has also improved dramatically in recent years.

View attachment 926586
mage source: Nikkei Asia

View attachment 926587
Image source: Forbes

In 2017, Chinese scholars published more scientific papers than their American counterparts for the first time. This increased quantity however, did not initially translate into high-quality research. For years, Western researchers criticized Chinese research as mere imitation, and Chinese academic papers received limited attention from the global scientific community.

Recently, however, Chinese research has become more novel and creative, and China has evolved into a scientific powerhouse, rivaling the US and Europe both in quantity, and in quality.

According to a year-long study by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, China now leads in 37 out of 44 tracked technologies, including electric batteries, hypersonics, and advanced radio-frequency communications like 5G and 6G, while American has retained its leadership only in the remaining seven, which include vaccines, quantum computing, and space launch systems.

In some fields, all top 10 leading research institutions worldwide are based in China, and collectively produce nine times more high-impact research papers than the second-ranked country, which is often the United States. There is also a high likelihood that China will establish monopolies in eight technologies, including nanoscale materials and manufacturing, hydrogen, ammonia for power, and synthetic biology.

According to a report by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, China’s advancements in nuclear-capable hypersonic missiles in 2021 should have been anticipated by the US. Over the past five years, China generated 48.5% of the world’s most high-impact research papers on advanced aircraft engines, including hypersonics, and hosts seven of the world’s top 10 research institutions in the area.

Military vehicles carrying the DF-17 hypersonic ballistic missile, capable of flying at five times the speed of sound, are seen during a parade in Beijing in October 2019. Image source: The Guardian

These developments have alarmed researchers and policymakers in the US, and have prompted the US government to take steps that attempt to slow China’s growth. The recent CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 explicitly limits cooperation with China in research and manufacturing; the Biden administration has also imposed restrictions that limit China’s access to critical technologies with military applications. How effectively these measures will slow down China however, remains uncertain, as other countries are still eager to collaborate with China in the domain of cutting-edge technology.

The US may need to accept a reduced role as a strategic leader in scientific fields, ceding the spotlight to China’s. But in the face of growing sanctions, and in the aftermath of a major crackdown on local tech companies, will China be able to maintain its technology advantage? Stay tuned to find out.

China — Not The US — Is Now The Global Leader In Science & Tech

The United States and its Western neighbors are gradually losing ground to China in the race to develop advanced technologies and attract…

medium.datadriveninvestor.com

Congratulations to China.

I hope China eclipses USA as the largest Economy in GDP Nominal soon. So the world can stop caring about USA.

 

[dbc]

Research Paper and being a leader of Science and Technology are not the same things....

Research papers are something you need to do if and when you seek post gradate educations. You basically have a topic in mind and you did your research on said topic and publish your result. It neither innovative, nor even cutting edge, well, they can be, but not necessary.

On the other hand, you still need to have the peer acceptance to be considered a successful paper, I wrote and published 2 research journals when I was doing my MPhil of Strategic Studies, and both got blasted to pieces by my peer.

China published more research papers only mean there are more people in China doing research, that does not mean anything else.

On the other hand, leader of science and tech are a physical application. You don't need to write paper to develop something that is the leading in any field, all you need to do is to practice them on said field, for example, CT Scanning is an old technology, but the latest Dark-Ray CT scan from Germany making it better in 2022, that is the quality of being a leader of science and technology, not how many papers a countries wrote......

True China's grant ratio, commercialization and industrialization rate from filings is significantly lower than the US. These three indicators are true measures of quality.
Of course the Chinese frequently point to number of citations to demonstrate value however China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) don't bother with validating relevance of the citation beyond verifying that the paper exists.

 

[jhungary]

True China's grant ratio, commercialization and industrialization rate from filings is significantly lower than the US. These three indicators are true measures of quality.
Of course the Chinese frequently point to number of citations to demonstrate value however China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) don't bother with validating relevance of the citation beyond verifying that the paper exists.

Well, OP article stated China is leading 37 out of 44 tracked technology, but then the same article and its source did not mention how China is leading on those technology, by what indictor, measurement and so on.

For example, the article said China is the leader of Electric Battery Tech. The problem is, China may have been the biggest Electric Battery producer in the world, which I suspect where this is from. on the other hand, of the known 5 Battery tech Structure Battery, Solid State Battery, Flouride Ion Batter, NMC532 Cell (or the million mile battery) and Sodium Battery, China only lead with Sodium Battery.....

So I have no idea how or what China leading battery tech from...

 

[theBill]

Can you provide a little more context than a simple "Wrong"?

Those papers get peer-reviewed

 

[Chute]

Well, OP article stated China is leading 37 out of 44 tracked technology, but then the same article and its source did not mention how China is leading on those technology, by what indictor, measurement and so on.

For example, the article said China is the leader of Electric Battery Tech. The problem is, China may have been the biggest Electric Battery producer in the world, which I suspect where this is from. on the other hand, of the known 5 Battery tech Structure Battery, Solid State Battery, Flouride Ion Batter, NMC532 Cell (or the million mile battery) and Sodium Battery, China only lead with Sodium Battery.....

More countries can be typed in for reference to see what the actual state of IP earning is cross-country (which gives indication of actual final innovation of consequence, including "science + tech"):

World Bank Open Data

Free and open access to global development data

data.worldbank.org

Any country can have whatever peer review standards or patent filing trend internally..... but cold hard dollars is what matters most, and also gives larger idea of where things stand in larger science, tech and engineering based behind it (especially new frontier areas).

It is also interesting to see what countries pay for IP:

World Bank Open Data

Free and open access to global development data

data.worldbank.org

i.e as reference (using most recent year 2021), US earns about 124 billion from the world for IP use. It pays the world around 43 billion.

Japan earns about 48 billion, and spends around 29 billion USD.

China earns about 11 billion and spends around 47 billion USD (i.e more than 4 times it earns).

It is not an IP surplus country....so how can it be a genuine global leader on this front yet?