China Civilian Nuclear Industry, Technology, Exports and Supply Chain: News & Discussions
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CNNC, Shenhua Group Team Up to Develop Traveling-Wave Nuclear ReactorsChina National Nuclear Power plans to establish Hebei company
chinadaily.com.cn | Updated: 2017-09-12 13:31
A China National Nuclear Corp stand at an industrial expo in Beijing. DA WEI/CHINA DAILY
China National Nuclear Power Co Ltd (CNNP), a unit of one of the country's three largest State-owned nuclear operators, has announced plans to establish a Hebei-based company to promote the development of traveling-wave reactor, or TWR, technology.
The move will be carried out in partnership with Huadian Fuxin Energy Limited Company, Zhejiang Zheneng Electric Power Co Ltd, Shenhua Group and Jointo Energy Investment Co Ltd Hebei, the CNNP said in a statement with the Shanghai Stock Exchange.
The new company, located in Cangzhou city, Hebei province, has a registered capital of 1 billion yuan ($153.23 million). CNNP will own 35 percent of the company; Shenhua Group, 30 percent; Huadian Fuxin Energy, 15 percent; Zhejiang Zheneng Electric Power, 10 percent, and Jointo Energy Investment, 10 percent.
CNNP said, in the statement, the establishment of the new company will be in accordance with the strategy for the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) region, and added it would also help support the development of the advanced TWR technology.
In addition, CNNP Technology Investment, a wholly-owned subsidiary of CNNP, also plans to establish CNNP TWR Technology Investment (Tianjin) Co Ltd together with the four investors, sporting the same investment proportion. The new company, located in Tianjin, has a registered capital of 750 million yuan.
TWR, a new nuclear design using fourth-generation technology, could reduce the need for the enrichment and reprocessing of uranium. CNNP stated the establishment of the TWR demonstration project will be in accordance with, and respond to, the national energy plan arrangement.
Bellevue, Washington-based Terra Power, co-founded by Bill Gates in 2006, is working closely with China National Nuclear Corp to conduct research into the use of the new technology.
Tang Shihua
(Yicai Global) Sept. 27 -- China’s main energy supplier, state-owned Shenhua Group Corp. Ltd., plans to team up with fellow government-owned power firm China National Nuclear Corp. (CNNC) to invest in and develop nuclear power traveling-wave reactors.
China National Nuclear’s chairman, Chen Hua, representatives from Shenhua Group, Zhejiang Zheneng Electric Power Co. [SHA:600023] and Jointo Energy Investment all signed an agreement for the project, CNNC said online on Sept. 26.
The firm did not reveal further details about the deal.
Traveling-wave reactors are a form of sodium-cooled fast reactors. They are considered fourth-generation nuclear technology. Using current methods, only 0.7 percent of the isotopes in natural uranium can be used directly, but with traveling-wave technology, this figure can reach around 40 percent and in some circumstances as high as 70 percent.
Traveling-wave reactors can also run by themselves for decades without being charged, saving the trouble of adding new fuel and cleaning up spent fuel. The technology can cut the costs and environmental risks associated with nuclear power while also noticeably increasing proliferation resistance.
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Pressure vessel in place at Karachi 2
11 October 2017
The reactor pressure vessel (RPV) has been hoisted into place at Karachi unit 2 in Pakistan. All of the main reactor components - the RPV and three steam generators - have now been installed at the Chinese-designed Hualong One unit.
The operation to lift the RPV into place was completed on 30 September, China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) said yesterday.
Lifting of the four main components took just under three weeks to complete, starting with the installation of the first steam generator on 10 September. The operation marks the first time that a "pre-introduction" construction method - with the main reactor equipment installed before the dome of the containment building is put in place - has been employed in this type of nuclear power plant, CNNC said. This approach can significantly reduce construction time, compared with the traditional method of installing equipment through a hatch in the containment.
Two Hualong One units are under construction at Karachi. Work began on unit 2 in 2015 and unit 3 in 2016, with commercial operation planned for 2021 and 2022, respectively. The units are the first export of the Hualong One pressurised water reactor design, which is also being promoted for use at the Bradwell site in the UK.
A single unit pressurised heavy water reactor, Karachi 1, has been in operation at the site since 1972.
http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Pressure-vessel-in-place-at-Karachi-2-1110177.html
11 October 2017
The reactor pressure vessel (RPV) has been hoisted into place at Karachi unit 2 in Pakistan. All of the main reactor components - the RPV and three steam generators - have now been installed at the Chinese-designed Hualong One unit.
The operation to lift the RPV into place was completed on 30 September, China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) said yesterday.
Lifting of the four main components took just under three weeks to complete, starting with the installation of the first steam generator on 10 September. The operation marks the first time that a "pre-introduction" construction method - with the main reactor equipment installed before the dome of the containment building is put in place - has been employed in this type of nuclear power plant, CNNC said. This approach can significantly reduce construction time, compared with the traditional method of installing equipment through a hatch in the containment.
Two Hualong One units are under construction at Karachi. Work began on unit 2 in 2015 and unit 3 in 2016, with commercial operation planned for 2021 and 2022, respectively. The units are the first export of the Hualong One pressurised water reactor design, which is also being promoted for use at the Bradwell site in the UK.
A single unit pressurised heavy water reactor, Karachi 1, has been in operation at the site since 1972.
http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Pressure-vessel-in-place-at-Karachi-2-1110177.html
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China Nuclear Group weibo reported that on Pakistan local time October 13 at 10:16, reactor dome was installed.
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Saturday, November 04, 2017, 11:15
Li backs joint nuclear progress
By Hu Yongqi
Premier, Bill Gates discuss safe and reliable energy breakthroughs
Premier Li Keqiang meets with Bill Gates, Microsoft founder and chairman of TerraPower, in the Zhongnanhai compound in Beijing on Nov 3, 2017. (WU ZHIYI / CHINA DAILY)
Premier Li Keqiang pledged his support on Friday to further promote nuclear energy cooperation between China and the United States and develop safe and reliable breakthrough technologies.
The premier spoke during a meeting with Bill Gates, chairman of TerraPower and founder of Microsoft, in Beijing.
Li emphasized that safety is an essential prerequisite for developing nuclear power and that the new technology must be reliable and secure
ALSO READ: China powers up on nuclear projects
Li spoke positively of the cooperation the two nations have had in research and development on new-generation nuclear power technologies. He said he was exhilarated to know about the establishment of a joint R&D venture on traveling-wave reactors, a new breakthrough in the field.
Li emphasized that safety is an essential prerequisite for developing nuclear power and that the new technology must be reliable and secure.
The premier also said that the new industrial revolution is proceeding to a higher level while the internet provides vital support. He said that China is carrying out innovation-driven development and making use of the Internet Plus Initiative, both of which involve promoting new technologies and integrating them with traditional industries to accelerate economic transformation and upgrading.
"We wish to further international cooperation and achieve technological breakthroughs by developing China's advantage in rich resources in talent and using internet-based platforms," he said.
New-generation nuclear power technology is vital for mankind to develop energy in the future and the energy supply must be kept clean, safe and reliable, Gates said. He said he appreciates the cooperation with Chinese companies and is willing to make the wishes a reality with an open attitude.
A traveling-wave reactor is a fourth-generation technology that can directly process depleted uranium, natural uranium, thorium, spent fuel from light water reactors or combinations of these materials, which allows the reactor to use fuel in a more efficient way.
READ MORE: Observers share 3 words about China
China National Nuclear Co signed an agreement with TerraPower in September 2015 to jointly develop traveling-wave reactors, the first time such cooperation has been undertaken since 1985, when China and the US signed a cooperative agreement in nuclear energy. A joint venture was established by the two companies and some other Chinese energy suppliers this September.
The joint venture aims to build and operate small, medium and large power plants using traveling-wave reactors in the next 20 years, which are expected to reduce costs by 20 percent from existing, third-generation nuclear power plants.
Li backs joint nuclear progress
By Hu Yongqi
Premier, Bill Gates discuss safe and reliable energy breakthroughs
Premier Li Keqiang pledged his support on Friday to further promote nuclear energy cooperation between China and the United States and develop safe and reliable breakthrough technologies.
The premier spoke during a meeting with Bill Gates, chairman of TerraPower and founder of Microsoft, in Beijing.
Li emphasized that safety is an essential prerequisite for developing nuclear power and that the new technology must be reliable and secure
ALSO READ: China powers up on nuclear projects
Li spoke positively of the cooperation the two nations have had in research and development on new-generation nuclear power technologies. He said he was exhilarated to know about the establishment of a joint R&D venture on traveling-wave reactors, a new breakthrough in the field.
Li emphasized that safety is an essential prerequisite for developing nuclear power and that the new technology must be reliable and secure.
The premier also said that the new industrial revolution is proceeding to a higher level while the internet provides vital support. He said that China is carrying out innovation-driven development and making use of the Internet Plus Initiative, both of which involve promoting new technologies and integrating them with traditional industries to accelerate economic transformation and upgrading.
"We wish to further international cooperation and achieve technological breakthroughs by developing China's advantage in rich resources in talent and using internet-based platforms," he said.
New-generation nuclear power technology is vital for mankind to develop energy in the future and the energy supply must be kept clean, safe and reliable, Gates said. He said he appreciates the cooperation with Chinese companies and is willing to make the wishes a reality with an open attitude.
A traveling-wave reactor is a fourth-generation technology that can directly process depleted uranium, natural uranium, thorium, spent fuel from light water reactors or combinations of these materials, which allows the reactor to use fuel in a more efficient way.
READ MORE: Observers share 3 words about China
China National Nuclear Co signed an agreement with TerraPower in September 2015 to jointly develop traveling-wave reactors, the first time such cooperation has been undertaken since 1985, when China and the US signed a cooperative agreement in nuclear energy. A joint venture was established by the two companies and some other Chinese energy suppliers this September.
The joint venture aims to build and operate small, medium and large power plants using traveling-wave reactors in the next 20 years, which are expected to reduce costs by 20 percent from existing, third-generation nuclear power plants.
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China’s Hualong One Nuclear Power Unit Completes Over 30 Tests in Four-Day Trial
Dou Shicong
Date: Tue, 11/07/2017 - 14:33 / source:Yicai
China’s Hualong One Nuclear Power Unit Completes Over 30 Tests in Four-Day Trial
(Yicai Global) Nov. 7 -- The Hualong One nuclear power unit that Sichuan-based Dongfang Electric Corp. [SHA:600875] developed has completed tests, a sign that China has successfully developed its first generator using third-generation nuclear energy technology.
It passed more than 30 tests in a four-day trial, with its performance indicators meeting or exceeding standard requirements, and its technical efficiency and other performance indicators are impressive by global standards, state-run Xinhua news agency reported yesterday.
The generator adopts innovative designs for its computing methods, structural arrangement, materials and insulation technology. It has a generating efficiency of 99 percent. Generating efficiency represents the percentage of nuclear energy converted to electricity by the generator.
Hualong One uses third-generation nuclear power technology that China National Nuclear Corp. and China General Nuclear Power Corp. -- the country’s two biggest firms in the field -- developed. It has a power capacity of several gigawatts and can mitigate accidents with safety measures.
Dou Shicong
Date: Tue, 11/07/2017 - 14:33 / source:Yicai
(Yicai Global) Nov. 7 -- The Hualong One nuclear power unit that Sichuan-based Dongfang Electric Corp. [SHA:600875] developed has completed tests, a sign that China has successfully developed its first generator using third-generation nuclear energy technology.
It passed more than 30 tests in a four-day trial, with its performance indicators meeting or exceeding standard requirements, and its technical efficiency and other performance indicators are impressive by global standards, state-run Xinhua news agency reported yesterday.
The generator adopts innovative designs for its computing methods, structural arrangement, materials and insulation technology. It has a generating efficiency of 99 percent. Generating efficiency represents the percentage of nuclear energy converted to electricity by the generator.
Hualong One uses third-generation nuclear power technology that China National Nuclear Corp. and China General Nuclear Power Corp. -- the country’s two biggest firms in the field -- developed. It has a power capacity of several gigawatts and can mitigate accidents with safety measures.
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From weibo of China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC),
【刚刚，自主“核电之肺”成功引入“华龙一号”】11月10日11时26分，“华龙一号”示范工程福清核电5号机组首台蒸汽发生器顺利引入5号机组龙门架16.5m平台，拉开了福清核电5号机组主设备安装的序幕。
At 11:26 on November 10, the first steam generator of Fuqing Unit 5 of Hualong One demonstration project was successfully introduced into the gantry of Unit 5's 16.5m platform, kicked off the Fuqing 5 main equipment installation phase.
【刚刚，自主“核电之肺”成功引入“华龙一号”】11月10日11时26分，“华龙一号”示范工程福清核电5号机组首台蒸汽发生器顺利引入5号机组龙门架16.5m平台，拉开了福清核电5号机组主设备安装的序幕。
At 11:26 on November 10, the first steam generator of Fuqing Unit 5 of Hualong One demonstration project was successfully introduced into the gantry of Unit 5's 16.5m platform, kicked off the Fuqing 5 main equipment installation phase.
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China's nuclear reactor design enters phase 2 assessment in UK
Source: Xinhua| 2017-11-17 00:25:49|Editor: Mu Xuequan
LONDON, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- British regulators said Thursday that a new nuclear reactor design from China has completed the first phase of assessment and are progressing to the next phase, as the whole process of assessment will ultimately determine whether the design is fit for use in Britain.
A comments process, which enables anyone to submit comments and questions about the reactor design to the company that proposes the design, will also be launched, according to an announcement jointly made by Britain's Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) and the Environment Agency.
"I am satisfied that there are adequate project management and technical provisions in place to enter Step two of the process and, as regulators, we can begin our technical assessment phase," said Mike Finnerty, ONR's Deputy Chief Inspector and Director of ONR's New Reactors Division.
The new reactor design from China, the UK HPR1000, was developed by China General Nuclear Power Corporation (CGN) and China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC). HPR1000 is one of the most widely-received third-generation nuclear power models on the market, according to CGN.
But before it can be used in Britain, the new design needs to undergo a process known as Generic Design Assessment (GDA), which allows regulators to begin assessing the safety, security and environmental aspects of new reactor designs.
CGN and EDF had submitted a joint application through their joint venture company GNS (General Nuclear System Ltd) to the British government in October 2016 to begin the GDA process for a UK version of the HPR1000 nuclear technology. The aim is to seek permission to build a nuclear power station at Bradwell in Essex.
The whole process of GDA, divided into four phases, is expected to last some 60 months, and the second phase will take about 12 months to complete, according to CGN.
CGN will endeavor to complete HPR1000's GDA process and launch the construction of the reactor in Britain, said He Yu, chairman of the board of CGN, in a statement.
Source: Xinhua| 2017-11-17 00:25:49|Editor: Mu Xuequan
LONDON, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- British regulators said Thursday that a new nuclear reactor design from China has completed the first phase of assessment and are progressing to the next phase, as the whole process of assessment will ultimately determine whether the design is fit for use in Britain.
A comments process, which enables anyone to submit comments and questions about the reactor design to the company that proposes the design, will also be launched, according to an announcement jointly made by Britain's Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) and the Environment Agency.
"I am satisfied that there are adequate project management and technical provisions in place to enter Step two of the process and, as regulators, we can begin our technical assessment phase," said Mike Finnerty, ONR's Deputy Chief Inspector and Director of ONR's New Reactors Division.
The new reactor design from China, the UK HPR1000, was developed by China General Nuclear Power Corporation (CGN) and China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC). HPR1000 is one of the most widely-received third-generation nuclear power models on the market, according to CGN.
But before it can be used in Britain, the new design needs to undergo a process known as Generic Design Assessment (GDA), which allows regulators to begin assessing the safety, security and environmental aspects of new reactor designs.
CGN and EDF had submitted a joint application through their joint venture company GNS (General Nuclear System Ltd) to the British government in October 2016 to begin the GDA process for a UK version of the HPR1000 nuclear technology. The aim is to seek permission to build a nuclear power station at Bradwell in Essex.
The whole process of GDA, divided into four phases, is expected to last some 60 months, and the second phase will take about 12 months to complete, according to CGN.
CGN will endeavor to complete HPR1000's GDA process and launch the construction of the reactor in Britain, said He Yu, chairman of the board of CGN, in a statement.
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Turbine island construction for Hualong One
20 November 2017
Two teams in a 40-hour operation have poured the basemat for the turbine building of China's Fangchenggang 2, the first Hualong One unit.
China General Nuclear said the operation used four sets of equipment, one on each side of the site, and that workers were organised into two teams to undertake the continuous pour, which lasted 40.5 hours. The pour on, 12 November, created "favourable conditions for the construction of the conventional island of unit 3".
The nuclear island of unit 3 started construction in December 2015.
The busy construction site will be home to six large reactors (Image: CGN)
Fangchenggang is near Hongsha village in the Guangxi Autonomous Region of western China, about 45 kilometres from the border with Vietnam. A total of six large pressurised water reactors are planned to operate there. Units 1 and 2 are CPR-1000s, units 3 and 4 are Hualong One reactors, and units 5 and 6 are to be AP1000s. Units 1 and 2 are already operating and generating electricity.
http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Turbine-island-construction-for-Hualong-One-2011171.html
20 November 2017
Two teams in a 40-hour operation have poured the basemat for the turbine building of China's Fangchenggang 2, the first Hualong One unit.
China General Nuclear said the operation used four sets of equipment, one on each side of the site, and that workers were organised into two teams to undertake the continuous pour, which lasted 40.5 hours. The pour on, 12 November, created "favourable conditions for the construction of the conventional island of unit 3".
The nuclear island of unit 3 started construction in December 2015.
Fangchenggang is near Hongsha village in the Guangxi Autonomous Region of western China, about 45 kilometres from the border with Vietnam. A total of six large pressurised water reactors are planned to operate there. Units 1 and 2 are CPR-1000s, units 3 and 4 are Hualong One reactors, and units 5 and 6 are to be AP1000s. Units 1 and 2 are already operating and generating electricity.
http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Turbine-island-construction-for-Hualong-One-2011171.html
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Pakistan, China agree to build Chashma 5
23 November 2017
China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) and the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) have signed a cooperation agreement on the construction of a HPR1000 Hualong One reactor at the Chashma nuclear power plant.
The agreement was signed by the chairmen of CNNC and PAEC (Image: CNNC)
"According to the agreement, CNNC will build a one-million-kilowatt-class nuclear power unit with HPR1000 technology at the Chashma Nuclear Power Plant in Pakistan," CNNC said yesterday. The reactor will be the seventh nuclear power unit that China has exported to Pakistan and the third HPR1000.
The Chinese-designed HPR1000 Hualong One reactor design is under construction in China, at Fuqing units 5 and 6 and Fangchenggang units 3 and 4. The first Hualong One unit, Fuqing 5, is expected to start up in 2019, with Fangchenggang 3 to follow the same year, and the other two units in 2020.
Chashma is already home to four Chinese-built CNP-300 units, while two HPR1000 units are under construction at Pakistan's Karachi nuclear power plant. Construction began on Karachi unit 2 in 2015 and unit 3 in 2016; the units are planned to enter commercial operation in 2021 and 2022, respectively.
The HPR1000 has also been proposed for construction at Bradwell in the UK, where it is undergoing Generic Design Assessment. UK national regulatory bodies the Office for Nuclear Regulation and the Environment Agency recently announced the start of the second, technical, phase of the assessment programme for the UK HPR1000.
Chashma 5 will be constructed by CNNC subsidiary CNNC China Zhongyuan Engineering Corp, the company said.
http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Pakistan-China-agree-to-build-Chashma-5-2311177.html
23 November 2017
China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) and the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) have signed a cooperation agreement on the construction of a HPR1000 Hualong One reactor at the Chashma nuclear power plant.
"According to the agreement, CNNC will build a one-million-kilowatt-class nuclear power unit with HPR1000 technology at the Chashma Nuclear Power Plant in Pakistan," CNNC said yesterday. The reactor will be the seventh nuclear power unit that China has exported to Pakistan and the third HPR1000.
The Chinese-designed HPR1000 Hualong One reactor design is under construction in China, at Fuqing units 5 and 6 and Fangchenggang units 3 and 4. The first Hualong One unit, Fuqing 5, is expected to start up in 2019, with Fangchenggang 3 to follow the same year, and the other two units in 2020.
Chashma is already home to four Chinese-built CNP-300 units, while two HPR1000 units are under construction at Pakistan's Karachi nuclear power plant. Construction began on Karachi unit 2 in 2015 and unit 3 in 2016; the units are planned to enter commercial operation in 2021 and 2022, respectively.
The HPR1000 has also been proposed for construction at Bradwell in the UK, where it is undergoing Generic Design Assessment. UK national regulatory bodies the Office for Nuclear Regulation and the Environment Agency recently announced the start of the second, technical, phase of the assessment programme for the UK HPR1000.
Chashma 5 will be constructed by CNNC subsidiary CNNC China Zhongyuan Engineering Corp, the company said.
http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Pakistan-China-agree-to-build-Chashma-5-2311177.html
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China's marine nuclear power platform to start by 2020 in S.China Sea
By Deng Xiaoci Source:Global Times Published: 2017/11/28 20:13:40
The primary focus of China's offshore nuclear platforms - reportedly to be commissioned before 2020 - will be for civil use on islands in waters such as the South China Sea, and as the technology matures, it could be applied to military nuclear vessels, Chinese analysts said.
A shipbuilding firm in Central China's Hubei Province announced on Sunday it is set to start construction on a marine nuclear power platform which is designed to supply power for the country's offshore oil drilling platforms and islands.
According to the firm, a joint venture by the State-owned China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC), CSIC 719 Research Institute and the Hubei Hongtai State-owned Capital Investment Operation Group in 2015, the nuclear power platforms will serve as small nuclear power plants. The technical design has been finalized, and the project is moving to the construction phase, local media the Hubei Daily reported.
The platforms have two modes - floating and submersible, and the first will be commissioned before 2020.
The platforms will focus on solving power supply issues in the Xisha Islands and other islands in the South China Sea where infrastructure construction is underway, and urban agglomerations after that, Song Zhongping, a Beijing-based military expert and also a TV commentator told the Global Times on Tuesday.
The floating type will provide more nuclear power, although it will be more affected by sea conditions, such as the scale of the wind and waves, while the submersible one will be more stable but produce less power, Song said.
Zhang Jinlin, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Engineering and an expert at the CSIC 719 Research Institute, told the paper that the platform is a typical civilian-military integration project, as its design fully takes civil demands into consideration, as well as tackling issues including safety, radiation protection and waste processing.
The nuclear reactor-related technology, when successfully reduced in size, could be later applied to the country's military vessels, including nuclear-powered aircraft carriers or next generation nuclear submarines, Song said.
By Deng Xiaoci Source:Global Times Published: 2017/11/28 20:13:40
The primary focus of China's offshore nuclear platforms - reportedly to be commissioned before 2020 - will be for civil use on islands in waters such as the South China Sea, and as the technology matures, it could be applied to military nuclear vessels, Chinese analysts said.
A shipbuilding firm in Central China's Hubei Province announced on Sunday it is set to start construction on a marine nuclear power platform which is designed to supply power for the country's offshore oil drilling platforms and islands.
According to the firm, a joint venture by the State-owned China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC), CSIC 719 Research Institute and the Hubei Hongtai State-owned Capital Investment Operation Group in 2015, the nuclear power platforms will serve as small nuclear power plants. The technical design has been finalized, and the project is moving to the construction phase, local media the Hubei Daily reported.
The platforms have two modes - floating and submersible, and the first will be commissioned before 2020.
The platforms will focus on solving power supply issues in the Xisha Islands and other islands in the South China Sea where infrastructure construction is underway, and urban agglomerations after that, Song Zhongping, a Beijing-based military expert and also a TV commentator told the Global Times on Tuesday.
The floating type will provide more nuclear power, although it will be more affected by sea conditions, such as the scale of the wind and waves, while the submersible one will be more stable but produce less power, Song said.
Zhang Jinlin, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Engineering and an expert at the CSIC 719 Research Institute, told the paper that the platform is a typical civilian-military integration project, as its design fully takes civil demands into consideration, as well as tackling issues including safety, radiation protection and waste processing.
The nuclear reactor-related technology, when successfully reduced in size, could be later applied to the country's military vessels, including nuclear-powered aircraft carriers or next generation nuclear submarines, Song said.
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China hopes cold war nuclear energy tech will power warships, drones
Beijing pumping billions into the development of ‘molten salt’ reactors, amid revived interest among nations in the potentially safer and more powerful technology
China is to spend 22 billion yuan (US$3.3 billion) trying to perfect a form of technology largely discarded in the cold war which could produce a safer but more powerful form of nuclear energy.
The cash is to develop two “molten salt” reactors in the Gobi Desert in northern China.
Researchers hope that if they can solve a number of technical problems the reactors will lead to a range of applications, including nuclear-powered warships and drones.
The technology, in theory, can create more heat and power than existing forms of nuclear reactors that use uranium, while producing only one thousandth of the radioactive waste.
It also has the advantage for China of using thorium as its main fuel. China has some of the world’s largest reserves of the metal.
After brief pause, China rushes to build more nuclear power plants
China is not alone in trying to revive the technology because of the potential benefits. Companies in the United States are working in the field, while Japan, Russia and France have all expressed renewed interest in the technology.
The Chinese project has been funded by the central government and the two reactors are to be built at Wuwei in Gansu province, according to a statement on the website of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The lead scientist on the project is Jiang Mianheng – the son of the former Chinese president Jiang Zemin – and it is hoped the reactors will be up and running by 2020.
The US air force built a 2.5-megawatt molten salt reactor in the 1950s as part of a programme to develop nuclear-powered aircraft engines.
The reactors use molten salt rather than water as a coolant, allowing them to create temperatures of over 800 degrees Celsius, nearly three times the heat produced by a commercial nuclear plant fuelled with uranium. The superhot air had the potential to drive turbines and jet engines and in theory keep a bomber flying at supersonic speed for days.
The US project was shelved in the 1970s. Problems were encountered trying to reduce the size and weight of the reactor, and there were public concerns over the safety of the technology when placed in an aircraft.
Another problem was the erosion to pipes and the reactor chamber caused by the hot salt used in the fission process.
Yan Long, a researcher involved in the Chinese project at the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, said the Gansu facility might eventually help China develop a thorium-powered warship or aircraft.
He said it was now possible to build a very small molten salt reactor and that after years of research and government funding, scientists had developed special alloy and coating materials to prevent chemical corrosion.
The reactors in Gansu were designed to demonstrate the feasibility of the technology, he said.
The research facility in Gansu will be built by a lake with high salt levels, according to the project blueprints.
Both reactors will be underground and the heat they generate will reach 12 megawatts. The heat will be channelled to a power generation plant, several factories and a desalination plant by the lake to produce electricity, hydrogen, industrial chemicals, drinking water and minerals.
After the experiment, China may move on to commercial or military use of the technology on a larger scale, Yan said.
“We are now developing new materials for warships. The materials must come with relatively low cost for mass production and they must be compact and light, otherwise the reactor won’t fit in a ship,” he said.
Could ‘swimming pool’ nuclear reactors help clear China’s winter smog?
Chen Fu, a thermal physicist at the Harbin Institute of Technology involved in the development of new power generation systems for China’s navy, said the heat generated by a thorium molten salt reactor could be perfect to help generate power on a warship.
“It should be able to generate enough electricity for propulsion and electric equipment on an aircraft carrier,” he said.
Chen said the higher the temperature, the higher the power generation efficiency – a thorium-powered carrier could operate faster and longer than existing carriers using uranium as fuel.
“But the ship will need a very different structure to accommodate the new power source. It will be a difficult and tricky job because the rest of the ship must be strengthened to handle the increased power,” he said.
A military drone researcher in Beijing said a molten salt reactor could be used on a new generation of large, endurance drones operating at very high altitudes because it could be made very small and its operation did not require water.
“These drones would stay aloft over the oceans such as the Pacific. They would serve as a platform for surveillance, communication or weapon delivery to deter nuclear and other threats from hostile countries,” said the researcher, who asked not to be named.
“A nuclear-powered drone may be technically more feasible than manned aircraft because it does not require building a cockpit with lead to protect the human crew from radiation. It will also have more public acceptance. If an accident happens, it crashes into the sea,” the person said.
Breakthrough to power most advanced jet launch system on China’s second home-grown aircraft carrier
Yan said, however, that the aircraft research project still faced many challenges. To mount a reactor on an aircraft would require ultralight, super-strong materials which were still under development in the laboratory.
“This is where the Americans have failed,” he said.
China hopes cold war nuclear energy tech will power warships, drones | South China Morning Post
Beijing pumping billions into the development of ‘molten salt’ reactors, amid revived interest among nations in the potentially safer and more powerful technology
- PUBLISHED : Tuesday, 05 December, 2017, 9:13pm
- UPDATED : Tuesday, 05 December, 2017, 11:26pm
- Stephen Chen
China is to spend 22 billion yuan (US$3.3 billion) trying to perfect a form of technology largely discarded in the cold war which could produce a safer but more powerful form of nuclear energy.
The cash is to develop two “molten salt” reactors in the Gobi Desert in northern China.
Researchers hope that if they can solve a number of technical problems the reactors will lead to a range of applications, including nuclear-powered warships and drones.
The technology, in theory, can create more heat and power than existing forms of nuclear reactors that use uranium, while producing only one thousandth of the radioactive waste.
It also has the advantage for China of using thorium as its main fuel. China has some of the world’s largest reserves of the metal.
After brief pause, China rushes to build more nuclear power plants
China is not alone in trying to revive the technology because of the potential benefits. Companies in the United States are working in the field, while Japan, Russia and France have all expressed renewed interest in the technology.
The Chinese project has been funded by the central government and the two reactors are to be built at Wuwei in Gansu province, according to a statement on the website of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The lead scientist on the project is Jiang Mianheng – the son of the former Chinese president Jiang Zemin – and it is hoped the reactors will be up and running by 2020.
The US air force built a 2.5-megawatt molten salt reactor in the 1950s as part of a programme to develop nuclear-powered aircraft engines.
The reactors use molten salt rather than water as a coolant, allowing them to create temperatures of over 800 degrees Celsius, nearly three times the heat produced by a commercial nuclear plant fuelled with uranium. The superhot air had the potential to drive turbines and jet engines and in theory keep a bomber flying at supersonic speed for days.
The US project was shelved in the 1970s. Problems were encountered trying to reduce the size and weight of the reactor, and there were public concerns over the safety of the technology when placed in an aircraft.
Another problem was the erosion to pipes and the reactor chamber caused by the hot salt used in the fission process.
Yan Long, a researcher involved in the Chinese project at the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, said the Gansu facility might eventually help China develop a thorium-powered warship or aircraft.
He said it was now possible to build a very small molten salt reactor and that after years of research and government funding, scientists had developed special alloy and coating materials to prevent chemical corrosion.
The reactors in Gansu were designed to demonstrate the feasibility of the technology, he said.
The research facility in Gansu will be built by a lake with high salt levels, according to the project blueprints.
Both reactors will be underground and the heat they generate will reach 12 megawatts. The heat will be channelled to a power generation plant, several factories and a desalination plant by the lake to produce electricity, hydrogen, industrial chemicals, drinking water and minerals.
After the experiment, China may move on to commercial or military use of the technology on a larger scale, Yan said.
“We are now developing new materials for warships. The materials must come with relatively low cost for mass production and they must be compact and light, otherwise the reactor won’t fit in a ship,” he said.
Could ‘swimming pool’ nuclear reactors help clear China’s winter smog?
Chen Fu, a thermal physicist at the Harbin Institute of Technology involved in the development of new power generation systems for China’s navy, said the heat generated by a thorium molten salt reactor could be perfect to help generate power on a warship.
“It should be able to generate enough electricity for propulsion and electric equipment on an aircraft carrier,” he said.
Chen said the higher the temperature, the higher the power generation efficiency – a thorium-powered carrier could operate faster and longer than existing carriers using uranium as fuel.
“But the ship will need a very different structure to accommodate the new power source. It will be a difficult and tricky job because the rest of the ship must be strengthened to handle the increased power,” he said.
A military drone researcher in Beijing said a molten salt reactor could be used on a new generation of large, endurance drones operating at very high altitudes because it could be made very small and its operation did not require water.
“These drones would stay aloft over the oceans such as the Pacific. They would serve as a platform for surveillance, communication or weapon delivery to deter nuclear and other threats from hostile countries,” said the researcher, who asked not to be named.
“A nuclear-powered drone may be technically more feasible than manned aircraft because it does not require building a cockpit with lead to protect the human crew from radiation. It will also have more public acceptance. If an accident happens, it crashes into the sea,” the person said.
Breakthrough to power most advanced jet launch system on China’s second home-grown aircraft carrier
Yan said, however, that the aircraft research project still faced many challenges. To mount a reactor on an aircraft would require ultralight, super-strong materials which were still under development in the laboratory.
“This is where the Americans have failed,” he said.
China hopes cold war nuclear energy tech will power warships, drones | South China Morning Post
cirr
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中国聚变工程实验堆开始工程设计：完成人类终极能源 
http://www.dser.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1035847
发表于 2017-12-6 04:58
据中新网12月5日报道，“中国聚变工程实验堆集成工程设计研究”(CPETR集成工程设计研究)项目启动会5日在合肥举行，会上宣布中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)正式开始工程设计，中国核聚变研究由此开启新征程。
聚变能源被认为是最有希望彻底解决能源问题的根本出路之一。以实现聚变能源为目标的CFETR是中国聚变能研发必不可少的一环，直接瞄准未来聚变能的开发和应用，将建成世界首个聚变实验电站。
中国科学家在国际热核聚变实验堆(ITER)建设的同时已经开始规划建设CFETR,它将是中国自主设计和研制、以我为主联合国际合作的重大科学工程。
中国于2006年正式加入ITER，这期间，中国科学家以参加国际热核聚变实验堆(ITER)为契机，在全面消化关键技术基础上，自主建设创新，开展高水平科学研究。中国核聚变事业在近五年里取得了一系列重要成就和突破。
CFETR集成工程设计研究将进一步加强国内ITER计划相关的聚变能源技术研究和创新，以未来建聚变堆所涉及的国际前沿科学和技术目标为努力方向，发展聚变能源开发和应用的关键技术，为CFETR建设奠定坚实科学基础，大力提升中国聚变能发展研究的自主创新能力。
与会专家认为，“CFETR集成工程设计研究”项目的实施，将推动CFETR项目走向世界核聚变舞台的中央，并成为代表国家参与全球科技竞争与合作的重要力量，使中国跨入世界聚变能研究开发先进行列，对解决能源危机问题具有重要意义。
启动会上，中国工程院院士李建刚介绍了中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)科学目标、现状和总体工作计划。
CFETR计划分三步走，完成“中国聚变梦”。第一阶段到2021年，CFETR开始立项建设；第二阶段到2035年，计划建成聚变工程实验堆，开始大规模科学实验；第三阶段到2050年，聚变工程实验堆实验成功，建设聚变商业示范堆，完成人类终极能源。
http://www.dser.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1035847
发表于 2017-12-6 04:58
据中新网12月5日报道，“中国聚变工程实验堆集成工程设计研究”(CPETR集成工程设计研究)项目启动会5日在合肥举行，会上宣布中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)正式开始工程设计，中国核聚变研究由此开启新征程。
聚变能源被认为是最有希望彻底解决能源问题的根本出路之一。以实现聚变能源为目标的CFETR是中国聚变能研发必不可少的一环，直接瞄准未来聚变能的开发和应用，将建成世界首个聚变实验电站。
中国科学家在国际热核聚变实验堆(ITER)建设的同时已经开始规划建设CFETR,它将是中国自主设计和研制、以我为主联合国际合作的重大科学工程。
中国于2006年正式加入ITER，这期间，中国科学家以参加国际热核聚变实验堆(ITER)为契机，在全面消化关键技术基础上，自主建设创新，开展高水平科学研究。中国核聚变事业在近五年里取得了一系列重要成就和突破。
CFETR集成工程设计研究将进一步加强国内ITER计划相关的聚变能源技术研究和创新，以未来建聚变堆所涉及的国际前沿科学和技术目标为努力方向，发展聚变能源开发和应用的关键技术，为CFETR建设奠定坚实科学基础，大力提升中国聚变能发展研究的自主创新能力。
与会专家认为，“CFETR集成工程设计研究”项目的实施，将推动CFETR项目走向世界核聚变舞台的中央，并成为代表国家参与全球科技竞争与合作的重要力量，使中国跨入世界聚变能研究开发先进行列，对解决能源危机问题具有重要意义。
启动会上，中国工程院院士李建刚介绍了中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)科学目标、现状和总体工作计划。
CFETR计划分三步走，完成“中国聚变梦”。第一阶段到2021年，CFETR开始立项建设；第二阶段到2035年，计划建成聚变工程实验堆，开始大规模科学实验；第三阶段到2050年，聚变工程实验堆实验成功，建设聚变商业示范堆，完成人类终极能源。
JSCh
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China Releases Low-Temperature Nuclear Heating Reactor
November 30, 2017
China National Nuclear Corporation launched its independently researched and developed Yanlong pool-like low temperature heating reactor, which can be used for regional heating, on November 28.
The advent of the heating season has increased demand for heating, but coal-fired heating leads to aggravated smog in the Northern China. China is urgently seeking a clean energy replacement for coal-fired heating. As a safe and clean energy, nuclear energy has gradually attracted its attention.
After years of research and development, China National Nuclear Corporation officially launched its own research and development in Beijing to realize the Yanlong pool-type low-temperature heating reactor. According to the calculation, a 400 megawatt Yanlong low-temperature heating reactor could heat as much as 20 million square meters, the equivalent of 200,000 three-bedroom homes.
On November 28, the Yanlong pool-type low-temperature heating reactor went through the stages of demonstration and verification, demonstration project and business promotion. In the first step, China National Nuclear Corporation started its demonstration at the China Institute of Atomic Energy. The pool-type low-temperature heating reactor (49-2 heap) heated buildings in the institute for 168 hours. This proved the feasibility of the pool-type low-temperature heating reactor and marked important progress for the China National Nuclear Corporation in the field of nuclear heating technology. It provided strong technical support for the follow-up of pool type low temperature heating reactor model development. China National Nuclear Corporation also established a research center for nuclear energy heating technology.
With the success of the Yanlong model and the 49-2 reactor heat supply demonstration, China National Nuclear Corporation will further accelerate its implementation of the demonstration project.
China National Nuclear Corporation designated the models of the pool type low-temperature heating reactor as “Yanlong” and “DHR-400” respectively. The heating reactor was developed in Yan, so its name included a “Yan.” The Dragon Series of reactors was researched and developed by China National Nuclear Corporation. Since the Chinese word for dragon is “long,” the reactor was named Yanlong. DHR-400 means district heating reactors, and “400” refers to the thermal power of the reactor, which is 400 megawatts.
Yanlong was developed as a pool type research reactor, a model tested to operate safely and stably for more than 50 years. It is targeted to satisfy the demands for heating in Northern Chinese cities in the winter, and it is safe, economic, green and environmentally friendly. The reactor core is placed in the depths of a normal pressure pool, and the water temperature of the core is heated with the static pressure of the water layer to meet heating requirements. Heat is transferred through a two-stage exchange to heating circuit, which can then be transferred to thousands of homes on a heat network.
As a mature and secure technology, Yanlong has no fusion and no discharge. It is easy to suspend and requires less investment than other designs. For its multi-channel security barriers, the reactor is equipped with a high pressure isolation circuit, which ensures that radiation is isolated from the heat supply network. The pool type low temperature heating reactor is flexible in site selection, available in both inland and coastal areas and it suits northern China. The service life of a pool-type low-temperature heating reactor is 60 years. It costs less than gas power, and it is economically comparable to burning coal or tapping thermal power. The site can be reused when the reactor is completely decommissioned.
This article originally appeared in thepaper and was translated by Pandaily.
November 30, 2017
China National Nuclear Corporation launched its independently researched and developed Yanlong pool-like low temperature heating reactor, which can be used for regional heating, on November 28.
The advent of the heating season has increased demand for heating, but coal-fired heating leads to aggravated smog in the Northern China. China is urgently seeking a clean energy replacement for coal-fired heating. As a safe and clean energy, nuclear energy has gradually attracted its attention.
After years of research and development, China National Nuclear Corporation officially launched its own research and development in Beijing to realize the Yanlong pool-type low-temperature heating reactor. According to the calculation, a 400 megawatt Yanlong low-temperature heating reactor could heat as much as 20 million square meters, the equivalent of 200,000 three-bedroom homes.
On November 28, the Yanlong pool-type low-temperature heating reactor went through the stages of demonstration and verification, demonstration project and business promotion. In the first step, China National Nuclear Corporation started its demonstration at the China Institute of Atomic Energy. The pool-type low-temperature heating reactor (49-2 heap) heated buildings in the institute for 168 hours. This proved the feasibility of the pool-type low-temperature heating reactor and marked important progress for the China National Nuclear Corporation in the field of nuclear heating technology. It provided strong technical support for the follow-up of pool type low temperature heating reactor model development. China National Nuclear Corporation also established a research center for nuclear energy heating technology.
With the success of the Yanlong model and the 49-2 reactor heat supply demonstration, China National Nuclear Corporation will further accelerate its implementation of the demonstration project.
China National Nuclear Corporation designated the models of the pool type low-temperature heating reactor as “Yanlong” and “DHR-400” respectively. The heating reactor was developed in Yan, so its name included a “Yan.” The Dragon Series of reactors was researched and developed by China National Nuclear Corporation. Since the Chinese word for dragon is “long,” the reactor was named Yanlong. DHR-400 means district heating reactors, and “400” refers to the thermal power of the reactor, which is 400 megawatts.
Yanlong was developed as a pool type research reactor, a model tested to operate safely and stably for more than 50 years. It is targeted to satisfy the demands for heating in Northern Chinese cities in the winter, and it is safe, economic, green and environmentally friendly. The reactor core is placed in the depths of a normal pressure pool, and the water temperature of the core is heated with the static pressure of the water layer to meet heating requirements. Heat is transferred through a two-stage exchange to heating circuit, which can then be transferred to thousands of homes on a heat network.
As a mature and secure technology, Yanlong has no fusion and no discharge. It is easy to suspend and requires less investment than other designs. For its multi-channel security barriers, the reactor is equipped with a high pressure isolation circuit, which ensures that radiation is isolated from the heat supply network. The pool type low temperature heating reactor is flexible in site selection, available in both inland and coastal areas and it suits northern China. The service life of a pool-type low-temperature heating reactor is 60 years. It costs less than gas power, and it is economically comparable to burning coal or tapping thermal power. The site can be reused when the reactor is completely decommissioned.
This article originally appeared in thepaper and was translated by Pandaily.
JSCh
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